Dataset: Niskin bottle samples
Deployment: HOT_cruises

Niskin bottle water samples and CTD measurements at water sample depths from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT)

Principal Investigator:

Angelicque E. White (University of Hawaii at Manoa, SOEST)

Co-Principal Investigator:

David M. Karl

Contact:

Lance A Fujieki (University of Hawaii at Manoa, SOEST)

Data Manager:

Lance A Fujieki (University of Hawaii at Manoa, SOEST)

BCO-DMO Data Manager:

Dana Stuart Gerlach (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, WHOI BCO-DMO)

Project:

[Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2018-2023; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (HOT)

Current State:

Final with updates expected

Version:

2018-04-18

Deployment Synonyms:

Hawaii Ocean Time-series cruises

Version Date:

2018-04-18

Data URL:

https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-deployment/455522/data

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Description

Monthly measurements of the thermohaline structure, water column chemistry, and primary production were collected at station ALOHA as part of the HOT program.

Methods & Sampling

Dataset acquisition description

Biogeochemistry
Sampling at Station ALOHA typically begins with sediment trap deployment followed by a deep (> 4700 m) CTD cast and a "burst series" of at least 13 consecutive 1000 m casts, on 3 hour intervals, to span the local inertial period (~ 31 hours) and three semidiurnal tidal cycles. The repeated CTD casts enable us to calculate an average density profile from which variability on tidal and near-inertial time scales has been removed. These average density profiles are useful for the comparison of dynamic height and for the comparison of the depth distribution of chemical parameters from different casts and at monthly intervals. This sampling strategy is designed to assess variability on time scales of a few hours to a few years. Very high frequency variability (< 6 hours) and variability on time scales of between 3-60 days are not adequately sampled with our ship-based operations.

Water samples for a variety of chemical and biological measurements are routinely collected from the surface to within 10 m of the seafloor. To the extent possible, we collect samples for complementary biogeochemical measurements from the same or from contiguous casts to minimize aliasing caused by time-dependent changes in the density field. This approach is especially important for samples collected in the upper 350 m of the water column. Furthermore, we attempt to sample from common depths and specific density horizons each month to facilitate comparisons between cruises. Water samples for salinity determinations are collected from every water bottle to identify sampling errors. Approximately 20% of the water samples are collected and analyzed in duplicate or triplicate to assess and track our precision in sample analyses.

Water samples for chemical analyses were collected from discrete depths using 12 liter PVC bottles with nylon coated internal springs as closing mechanisms. Sampling strategies and procedures are well documented in the previous Data Reports and in the HOT Program Field and Laboratory Protocols manual
*Data Reports: https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/reports/reports.html
*HOT Program Field and Laboratory Protocols manual: https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/methods/results.html

Data Processing Description

Dataset Processing Description

Please see HOT's "Water Column Chemical Data Format Document" for detailed description of original HOT data formatting, original parameter names and Quality Word definitions.

Quality Indicator Flags:
1 = not quality controlled
2 = good data
3 = suspect (i.e. questionable) data
4 = bad data
5 = missing data
9 = variable not measured during this cast

More information about this dataset deployment

Funding

Award Number	Funding Source
OCE-0926766	NSF Division of Ocean Sciences

Instruments

Autosal salinometer

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Salinity samples are collected, stored and analyzed on an Autosal salinometer

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Autosal salinometer

Acronym: salinometer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/

Generic Description:

The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample.

Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer

Supplied Name: Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III

Supplied Description:

Samples for the determination of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (soluble reactive phosphorus, [nitrate+nitrite], and silicate) are run using a six-channel Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III, from March 2000 onward.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/

Generic Description:

Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer

See the description from the manufacturer.

CHN Elemental Analyzer

Supplied Name: Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer

Supplied Description:

Samples for elemental analyses of Particulate Carbon (PC) and Nitrogen (PN) were analyzed using an Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CHN Elemental Analyzer

Acronym: CHN_EA

Generic Description:

A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples.

CTD Sea-Bird 911

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911

Acronym: CTD SBE 911

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/

Generic Description:

The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph

Supplied Name: HPLC

Supplied Description:

Chlorophyll a and photosynthetic accessory pigments were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Wright et al. (1991).

Instrument Type

Generic Name: High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph

Acronym: HPLC

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB11/

Generic Description:

A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase.

ISUS Nitrate sensor

Supplied Name: Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097)

Supplied Description:

Real-time nitrate concentrations were measured with a Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097). The ISUS is a chemical-free, solid-state sensor that uses ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy to measure continuous nitrate concentrations.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: ISUS Nitrate sensor

Acronym: ISUS Nitrate

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0135/

Generic Description:

The Satlantic ISUS nitrate sensor is an in-situ UV absorption sensor which calculates nitrate concentration from the seawater spectrum. The ISUS V2 has a 1cm path length, a 200-400 nm wavelength range., and is depth rated to 1000 m. Satlantic's ISUS V3 nitrate sensor uses advanced UV absorption technology to measure nitrate concentration in real-time.

Niskin bottle

Supplied Description:

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Niskin bottle

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/

Generic Description:

A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.

Photometer

Supplied Name: Turner Luminometer

Supplied Description:

ATP concentrations were measured on a Turner Luminometer using the firefly bioluminescence technique described by Karl and Holm-Hansen (1978).

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Photometer

Generic Description:

An instrument that measures the light intensity emitted from a sample. [Definition Source: NCI]
Photometers are used to measure iIlluminance, irradiance, light absorption, scattering of light, reflection of light, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence.
[May include luminometers]

Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer

Supplied Name: Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer

Supplied Description:

Total organic carbon (TOC) was determined by the high temperature catalytic oxidation method using a Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer. This method was used from HOT-125 onward.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer

Acronym: Shimadzu TOC-V

Community Identifier: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124

Generic Description:

A Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.

Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer

Supplied Name: Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA)

Supplied Description:

Samples for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured using a Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA)

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer

Acronym: SOMMA

Generic Description:

Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) which was manufactured at the University of Rhode Island and standardized at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Spectrophotometer

Supplied Name:

Supplied Description:

Used for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Spectrophotometer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/

Generic Description:

An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples.

Technicon AutoAnalyzer II

Supplied Name: Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system

Supplied Description:

Analyses of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (soluble reactive phosphorus, [nitrate+nitrite], and silicate) were conducted at room temperature on a four-channel Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system at the University of Hawaii Analytical Facility for samples up through February 2000.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0291/

Generic Description:

A rapid flow analyzer that may be used to measure nutrient concentrations in seawater. It is a continuous segmented flow instrument consisting of a sampler, peristaltic pump, analytical cartridge, heating bath, and colorimeter. See more information about this instrument from the manufacturer.

Thermistor

Supplied Name: digital thermistor

Supplied Description:

Calibrated digital thermistor used for dissolved oxygen procedure

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Thermistor

Generic Description:

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature sensors, self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.

Thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (RTD) in that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. The temperature response is also different; RTDs are useful over larger temperature ranges, while thermistors typically achieve a higher precision within a limited temperature range, typically 90C to 130C.

Total Organic Carbon Analyzer

Supplied Name: MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer

Supplied Description:

Prior to HOT-125 (March 2001), Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations had been measured on a commercially available MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer equipped with a LICOR infrared detector.

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer

Acronym: TOC analyzer

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/

Generic Description:

A unit that accurately determines the carbon concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (CO2). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/bs116.pdf

Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer

Supplied Name: TD700

Supplied Description:

Turner Designs Model TD-700 was used to measure chlorophyll and phycoerythrin

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer

Acronym: TD-700

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0510/

Generic Description:

The TD-700 Laboratory Fluorometer is a benchtop fluorometer designed to detect fluorescence over the UV to red range. The instrument can measure concentrations of a variety of compounds, including chlorophyll-a and fluorescent dyes, and is thus suitable for a range of applications, including chlorophyll, water quality monitoring and fluorescent tracer studies. Data can be output as concentrations or raw fluorescence measurements.

Turner Designs Fluorometer 10-AU

Supplied Name: Turner Designs Model 10-AU

Supplied Description:

Turner Designs Model 10-AU was used to measure fluorometric chlorophyll.
Samples for Chlorophyll a (chl a) and pheopigments were collected onto glass fiber filters and measured fluorometrically on a Turner Designs Model 10-AU flourometer

Instrument Type

Generic Name: Turner Designs Fluorometer 10-AU

Acronym: Turner Fluorometer 10-AU

Community Identifier: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0393/

Generic Description:

The Turner Designs 10-AU Field Fluorometer is used to measure Chlorophyll fluorescence. The 10AU Fluorometer can be set up for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses. A variety of compounds can be measured using application-specific optical filters available from the manufacturer. (read more from Turner Designs, turnerdesigns.com, Sunnyvale, CA, USA)

Parameters

Supplied Name	Supplied description	Supplied Units	Standard Name
Cruise	Cruise identifier	unitless	cruise_id
EXPOCODE	Expedition code: 4 character NODC country-ship code, followed by cruise number and leg.	unitless	EXPOCODE
WHPID	The WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) section identifier	unitless	region
STNNBR	Station number	unitless	station
CASTNO	Cast number	unitless	cast
ISO_DateTime_UTC	Time in ISO-8601 format following the convention YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)	unitless	ISO_DateTime_UTC
Time_Code	Code for when the time was taken--at the beginning (BE); bottom (BO); or completion (EN) of the cast	unitless	brief_desc
Latitude	Latitude of sample collection (South is negative)	decimal degrees	lat
Longitude	Longitude of sample collection (West is negative)	decimal degrees	lon
Depth_max	Depth measured by shipboard echo sounder. The nominal depth for Station 1 = 1500m and for Station 2 = 4750m.	meters (m)	depth
Height_max	Bottom depth less the maximum pressure sampled	meters (m)	altitude
Pressure_max	The deepest pressure sampled	decibars (db)	prmax
Parameters	A list of the parameters measured on water samples collected during the cast (1=Salinity, 2=Oxygen, 3=Silicate, 4=Nitrate, 5=Nitrite, 6=Phosphate)	unitless	sample_type
ROSETTE_POS	Position of Niskin bottle in the CTD rosette sampler	unitless	bot
CTDPRS	CTD Pressure	decibars (db)	press
CTDTMP	CTD Temperature on ITS-90 scale	degrees Celsius	temp
CTDSAL	CTD Salinity on PSS-78 scale	unitless	sal
CTDOXY	CTD Oxygen	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2
THETA_ITS90	Potential Temperature on ITS-90 scale	degrees Celsius	potemp
SIGMA	Potential Density	kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3)	sigma_0
SALINITY	Bottle salinity on PSS-78 scale	unitless	sal_bot
OXYGEN	Bottle dissolved oxygen	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	O2
DIC	Dissolved Inorganic Carbon	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	DIC
pH	pH (pre-1992 was NBS25 and 1993 onward is TOT25)	unitless	pH
ALKALIN	Alkalinity	microequivalent per kilogram (ueq/kg)	TALK
pCO2	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)	microatmospheres (uatm)	pCO2
PHSPHT	Phosphate	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	PO4
NO2_NO3	Nitrate + nitrite (NO2+NO3)	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	NO3_NO2
SILCAT	Silicate (SiO4)	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	SiO4
DOP	Dissolved Organic Phosphorus	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	DOP
DON	Dissolved Organic Nitrogen	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	DON
DOC	Dissolved Organic Carbon	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	DOC
TDP	Total Dissolved Phosphorus	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	TDP
TDN	Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN)	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	TDN
PC	Particulate Carbon	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	TPC
PN	Particulate Nitrogen	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	TPN
PP	Particulate Phosphorus	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	TPP
LLN	Low-level Nitrogen	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	LLN
LLP	Low-level Phosphorus	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	LLP
LLSi	Low-level Silica	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	LLSi
CHL_A	Fluorometric Chlorophyll a	microgram per liter (ug/L)	chl_a_fluor
PHEO	Pheopigments	microgram per liter (ug/L)	phaeo
CHL_C3	HPLC Chlorophyll c3	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_c3
CHLC1_2	HPLC Chlorophyll [c1+c2] & Mg 3,8 DVP4A5	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_c1_c2
CHL_PLUS	HPLC Chlorophyll c1 + c2 + c3	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_c_tot
PERID	HPLC Peridinin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	peridinin
BUT_19	HPLC 19'-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	fucox_but
FUCO	HPLC Fucoxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	fucox
HEX_19	HPLC 19'-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	fucox_hex
PRASINO	HPLC Prasinoxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	prasinox
DIADINO	HPLC Diadinoxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	diadinox
ZEAXAN	HPLC Zeaxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	zeax
CHL_B	HPLC Chlorophyll b	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_b
HPLC_chl	HPLC Chlorophyll a	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_a
CHL_C4	HPLC Chloropyll c4	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_c4
A_CAR	HPLC Alpha Carotene	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	carotene_a
B_CAR	HPLC Beta Carotene	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	carotene_b
CAROTEN	HPLC Carotenes	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	carotene
CHLDA_A	HPLC Chlorophyllide a	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chlide_a
VIOL	HPLC Violaxanthin	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	violax
LUTEIN	HPLC Lutein	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	lutein
MV_CHLA	HPLC Monovinyl Chlorophyll a	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_a1
DV_CHLA	HPLC Divinyl Chlorophyll a	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	chl_a2
H_BACT	Bacteria: Heterotrophic	10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)	bact_het_cyt
P_BACT	Bacteria: Prochlorococcus	10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)	coccus_p_cyt
S_BACT	Bacteria: Synechococcus	10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)	coccus_s_cyt
E_BACT	Bacteria: Eukaryotes	10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL)	pico_euks
ATP	Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate	nanogram per kilogram (ng/kg)	ATP
GTP	Guanosine 5'-Triphosphate	nanogram per kilogram (ng/kg)	GTP
H2O2	Hydrogen Peroxide	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	H2O2
N2O	Nitrous Oxide	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	N2O
PSi	Particulate Silica	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	Si_part
PIC	Particulate Inorganic Carbon	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	PIC
PE_pt4u	Phycoerythrin 0.4 micron fraction	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	PE_point4u
PE_5u	Phycoerythrin 5 micron fraction	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	PE_5u
PE_10u	Phycoerythrin 10 micron fraction	nanogram per liter (ng/L)	PE_10u
P15N	delta-15N of particulate nitrogen vs. air-N	permil vs. air-N	d15N
P13C	delta-13C of particulate carbon vs. VPDB	permil vs. VPDB	del13C_TPC
TD700A	TD700 Chlorophyll a	microgram per liter (ug/L)	chl_a
TD700B	TD700 Chlorophyll b	microgram per liter (ug/L)	chl_b
TD700C	TD700 Chlorophyll c	microgram per liter (ug/L)	chl_c
NO2	Nitrite	nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg)	NO2
SPEC_SI	Spectrophotometric Silicate	micromole per kilogram (umol/kg)	SI04_spec
QUALT1	Quality flags for CTDSAL to ALKALIN	unitless	q_flag
QUALT2	Quality flags for pCO2 to DOC	unitless	q_flag
QUALT3	Quality flags for TDP to LLP	unitless	q_flag
QUALT4	Quality flags for LLSi to PERID	unitless	q_flag
QUALT5	Quality flags for BUT_19 to CHL_B	unitless	q_flag
QUALT6	Quality flags for HPLCchl to CHLDA_A	unitless	q_flag
QUALT7	Quality flags for VIOL to P_BACT	unitless	q_flag
QUALT8	Quality flags for S_BACT to N2O	unitless	q_flag
QUALT9	Quality flags for PSi to P15N	unitless	q_flag
QUAL10	Quality flags for P13C to SPEC_SI	unitless	q_flag
Filename	Filename (cruise summary or original)	unitless	file_name
Number_bottles	Number of bottles used during the cast	unitless	no_bcodmo_term
Comments	Comments	units	comment
Date	Date of the cast in MMDDYY	unitless	date
Time_UTC	Time in UTC	unitless	time
Cruise_Start_Date	Start date of cruise	unitless	date
Cruise_End_Date	End date of cruise	unitless	date

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: Niskin bottle samples
Deployment: HOT_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Database

Contribute Data

Dataset: Niskin bottle samplesDeployment: HOT_cruises

Dataset acquisition description

Dataset Processing Description

Dataset: Niskin bottle samples
Deployment: HOT_cruises