Instrument: Ion Chromatograph
Ion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography that measures concentrations of ionic species by separating them based on their interaction with a resin. Ionic species separate differently depending on species type and size. Ion chromatographs are able to measure concentrations of major anions, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate, as well as major cations such as lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. (from http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/ic.html)
In brief, a sample is pumped through three ion exchange cartridges connected in series, a 1 mL Ba (Dionex OnGuard II #057093) to remove most of the sulfate, then through a 2.5 mL Ag (Dionex OnGuard II Ag #057090) to remove chloride, and finally through a 1 mL cartridge packed with BioRad AG 4x4 resin (#143-3341) to remove the remaining sulfate. The resulting sample is then analyzed via ion chromatography to quantify remaining sulfate.