http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1000890
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-06-11
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Water column nutrient data from a 4 year experiment (2018-2022) manipulating consumer pressure and nutrient availability on a coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia
2026-06-11
publication
2026-06-11
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-06-11
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1000890
Deron Burkepile
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Tom C. Adam
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Burkepile, D., Adam, T. C. (2026) Water column nutrient data from a 4 year experiment (2018-2022) manipulating consumer pressure and nutrient availability on a coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-06-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1000890 [access date]
Water column nutrient data 2018-2022 Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Experimental Setup</strong></p>
<p>In June 2018, we established a factorial experiment manipulating consumer pressure and nutrient availability in areas that mimicked disturbance from a cyclone. At 12m depth on the north shore forereef of Moorea, French Polynesia (17.47° S, 149.82° W) we established 16 ~30m<sup>2 </sup>plots. Within each plot, we then nested 4 different consumer exclosures (~1.25 m<sup>2</sup> each) with different size openings that allowed different size fishes (herbivores and corallivores, hereafter referred to as ‘consumers’) access to the benthos . The exclosure frames consisted of 0.5cm stainless steel all-thread drilled into the reef matrix and epoxied into place. These frames were then wrapped with plastic-coated, galvanized wire to create the following levels of consumer pressure: 1) Very Low (2.5cm × 2.5cm openings); 2) Low (5cm × 5cm openings); 3) Medium (7.5cm × 7.5cm openings); 4) High (4 sides of 2.5cm × 2.5cm openings but no top). Others have used a similar design to create a gradient of consumer pressure to mimic the effects of different levels of fishing (Holbrook et al. 2016, Schmitt et al. 2019). We included sides, but not tops, on the High consumer pressure treatment to control for potential artifacts on water flow, although we have shown these are minimal (Zaneveld et al<em>.</em> 2016). Exclosures were scrubbed every 12-16 weeks to remove fouling organisms.</p>
<p>We also included a second treatment of Ambient or Enriched nutrient conditons with each plot (which included four nested consumer exclosures) was then assigned to either Ambient or Enriched nutrient conditions. Thus, each combination of consumer pressure (Very Low, Low, Medium, High) and nutrients (Ambient or Enriched) had n=4 for replication. For the enrichment we placed 175 g of Osmocote<sup>®</sup> (19-6-12, N-P-K) slow-release garden fertilizer into 5 cm diameter PVC tubes with 10, 1 cm holes drilled into them. These tubes were wrapped in fine plastic mesh to retain the fertilizer. This method is similar to our previous work (e.g., Zaneveld et al. 2016). PVC enrichment tubes were attached to the corners of each exclosure and onto a piece of stainless steel all-thread in the center of each plot (5 enrichment tubes per exclosure). We replaced enrichment tubes every 12-16 weeks except for two periods during the COVID-19 pandemic when travel to Moorea was not possible and enrichment tubes were deployed for longer than usual before replacement (deployed from 01-30-2020 to 08-31-2020, and from 08-31-2020 to 02-08-2021). We analyzed water samples from the experimental plots to evaluate the effect of nutrient enrichment.</p>
<p><strong>Data Collection</strong></p>
<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of our nutrient treatment, we collected water samples using 50-ml syringes ~3cm above the benthos in each of our High consumer pressure exclosures only (i.e., our open 1.25m<sup>2</sup> exclosures). We collected water samples in 2021 and 2022 across a range of days after we swapped the nutrient diffusers (4-158 days). We filtered samples (GF/F) into falcon tubes, placed on ice and once back in the lab frozen until analysis. We analyzed inorganic nitrogen (nitrite + nitrate) and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations using an autoanalyzer at the Marine Science Institute Analytical Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023701 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023701
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023424 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023424
onGoing
Deron Burkepile
University of California-Santa Barbara
805-893-3067
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology
Santa Barbara
CA
93106
USA
dburkepile@ucsb.edu
pointOfContact
Tom C. Adam
University of California-Santa Barbara
805-893-7625
UCSB Marine Science Institute Bldg 520 Rm 4002 FI 4L
Santa Barbara
CA
93106
United States
thomascadam@gmail.com
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Block_plot
Nutrient_TRT
Date_taken
Days_since_nutrient_swap
Sample_period
Phosphate
Nitrite_plus_Nitrate
Ammonium
DIN
Seal Analytical AA500
theme
None, User defined
experiment id
treatment
date
days
time_elapsed
phosphate
nitrate plus nitrite
Ammonium
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Manual Biota Sampler
Nutrient Autoanalyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Tipping points in coral reefs and their associated microbiomes: interactive effects of herbivory, nutrient enrichment, and temperature
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/850105
Collaborative Research: Tipping points in coral reefs and their associated microbiomes: interactive effects of herbivory, nutrient enrichment, and temperature
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse, yet most imperiled, ecosystems on the planet. Global change has driven the decline of corals worldwide with many reefs now lacking corals and being overrun by macroalgae. This research examines the impacts of several factors of thermal stress, overfishing of important herbivorous fishes, and nutrient pollution on the health of corals and their ability to recover after large coral-killing disturbances. Importantly, the investigators address the impacts of global change on the coral microbiome, the microbes that associate with corals and impact coral health. The overarching hypothesis is that factors such as overfishing and nutrient pollution impact coral health via impacts to their microbes. This 6-year experiment on the coral reefs of Mo’orea, French Polynesia examines what levels of herbivory, mostly by parrotfishes and surgeonfishes, are needed to provide resistance and resilience of corals and their microbiomes when reefs are exposed to elevated nutrients and ocean temperatures. Notably, the team tests how local stressors (overfishing, nutrient pollution) potentially interact with global stressors (climate change and rising ocean temperatures) to impact coral reef health. This research may yield insight into how to manage local factors (reducing fishing, mitigating nutrient pollution) to help corals survive the global stress of climate change. The field experiment provides a realistic platform to test questions about how local management of fisheries can alter reef health and provides data about the recoverability of reefs should new water quality management be put into place. This interdisciplinary work trains a new generation of both marine ecologists and microbiologists, including one postdoctoral researcher, two graduate students, as well as numerous undergraduates. The main international outreach effort is to map the microbiome of the island of Mo’orea. Mo’orea is approximately 130 square-kilometers in area and has five major watersheds that transport sediment and nutrients to the nearshore coral reef ecosystems. Thus poor stewardship of these watersheds likely contributes to the local phase shifts currently occurring in several areas of the lagoon. Therefore the team has engaged the local community to help collect microbiome samples from 50 terrestrial, 50 stream, 25 coastal sites, and 25 offshore sites around the island. The sampling effort is generating an island-wide map of the microbial communities associated with the soils, streams, and coastal waters that can be linked to adjacent coral reef health - The Moorea Microbiome! As part of this outreach effort, the team also collaborates with filmmakers to make a trilingual (English, French, and Tahitian) film about the project to serve as local engagement and teaching tool to help educate school groups and different stakeholders about both the seen and unseen connections between land and sea on their island.</p>
<p>On the island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia, coral communities have exhibited strikingly different trajectories, with some reefs recovering from disturbances and others undergoing protracted coral decline, accompanied by an increase in macroalgae. This diversity in coral community dynamics makes Mo’orea an excellent model system for testing why some reefs are resilient and return to abundant coral while others are not and undergo persistent phase shifts to macroalgal dominance. This 6-year experiment will measure the dynamics of benthic communities, coral demography, and the coral microbiome across seasonal change in ocean temperature, allowing the team to (1) link changes in coral microbiomes (e.g., a rise in pathogenic bacteria) to the trajectories of coral decline or recovery and (2) link nutrients, herbivory, and temperature to phase shifts in both benthic communities and coral microbiomes. Importantly, the team is testing the resistance of phase shifts of benthic communities and coral microbiomes by measuring their changes after removing the nutrient enrichment treatment at the end of year 3 and tracking recovery of the system for 3 more years. Thus, this project begins to answer whether reef and microbial community phase shifts can be easily reversed once they occur. Many studies have focused on the factors that disassemble coral reef communities, but this is the first to examine how reef communities can be reassembled from the microbiome upwards.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
RECHARGE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-149.82
-149.82
-17.47
-17.47
2018-08-01
2022-08-01
Mo’orea, French Polynesia
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Water column nutrient data from a 4 year experiment (2018-2022) manipulating consumer pressure and nutrient availability on a coral reef in Moorea, French Polynesia
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001047.rdf
Name: Block_plot
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Experiment was arranged in 4 blocks - A, B, C, D with four plots 1, 2, 3, or 4 within each block; Block_plot is a combination of block and plot - e.g. Block A plot 1 would be 'A1'</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001048.rdf
Name: Nutrient_TRT
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Plots with either ambient or enriched nutrients</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001049.rdf
Name: Date_taken
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date on which sample was taken</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001050.rdf
Name: Days_since_nutrient_swap
Units: Days
Description: <p>Days since the previous nutrients had been replaced</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001051.rdf
Name: Sample_period
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Period of the experiment when samples were taken</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001052.rdf
Name: Phosphate
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001053.rdf
Name: Nitrite_plus_Nitrate
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Concentration of nitrate+nitrite</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001054.rdf
Name: Ammonium
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Concentration of ammonium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001055.rdf
Name: DIN
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate+nitrite+ammonium)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1000890/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Experimental Setup</strong></p>
<p>In June 2018, we established a factorial experiment manipulating consumer pressure and nutrient availability in areas that mimicked disturbance from a cyclone. At 12m depth on the north shore forereef of Moorea, French Polynesia (17.47° S, 149.82° W) we established 16 ~30m<sup>2 </sup>plots. Within each plot, we then nested 4 different consumer exclosures (~1.25 m<sup>2</sup> each) with different size openings that allowed different size fishes (herbivores and corallivores, hereafter referred to as ‘consumers’) access to the benthos . The exclosure frames consisted of 0.5cm stainless steel all-thread drilled into the reef matrix and epoxied into place. These frames were then wrapped with plastic-coated, galvanized wire to create the following levels of consumer pressure: 1) Very Low (2.5cm × 2.5cm openings); 2) Low (5cm × 5cm openings); 3) Medium (7.5cm × 7.5cm openings); 4) High (4 sides of 2.5cm × 2.5cm openings but no top). Others have used a similar design to create a gradient of consumer pressure to mimic the effects of different levels of fishing (Holbrook et al. 2016, Schmitt et al. 2019). We included sides, but not tops, on the High consumer pressure treatment to control for potential artifacts on water flow, although we have shown these are minimal (Zaneveld et al<em>.</em> 2016). Exclosures were scrubbed every 12-16 weeks to remove fouling organisms.</p>
<p>We also included a second treatment of Ambient or Enriched nutrient conditons with each plot (which included four nested consumer exclosures) was then assigned to either Ambient or Enriched nutrient conditions. Thus, each combination of consumer pressure (Very Low, Low, Medium, High) and nutrients (Ambient or Enriched) had n=4 for replication. For the enrichment we placed 175 g of Osmocote<sup>®</sup> (19-6-12, N-P-K) slow-release garden fertilizer into 5 cm diameter PVC tubes with 10, 1 cm holes drilled into them. These tubes were wrapped in fine plastic mesh to retain the fertilizer. This method is similar to our previous work (e.g., Zaneveld et al. 2016). PVC enrichment tubes were attached to the corners of each exclosure and onto a piece of stainless steel all-thread in the center of each plot (5 enrichment tubes per exclosure). We replaced enrichment tubes every 12-16 weeks except for two periods during the COVID-19 pandemic when travel to Moorea was not possible and enrichment tubes were deployed for longer than usual before replacement (deployed from 01-30-2020 to 08-31-2020, and from 08-31-2020 to 02-08-2021). We analyzed water samples from the experimental plots to evaluate the effect of nutrient enrichment.</p>
<p><strong>Data Collection</strong></p>
<p>To evaluate the effectiveness of our nutrient treatment, we collected water samples using 50-ml syringes ~3cm above the benthos in each of our High consumer pressure exclosures only (i.e., our open 1.25m<sup>2</sup> exclosures). We collected water samples in 2021 and 2022 across a range of days after we swapped the nutrient diffusers (4-158 days). We filtered samples (GF/F) into falcon tubes, placed on ice and once back in the lab frozen until analysis. We analyzed inorganic nitrogen (nitrite + nitrate) and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations using an autoanalyzer at the Marine Science Institute Analytical Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>For both nitrite + nitrate and phosphate, we averaged across time and our High consumer pressure exclosures to evaluate the average nutrient conditions in our experimental treatments. For comparisions, it is most useful to compare Ambient vs. Enriched values within a date of sampling as this allows you to address the effectiveness of the nutrient enrichment treatment.&nbsp;The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was calculated (nitrate+nitrite+ammonium).&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Loaded water_nutrients.csv as table "water_nutrients", treating empty strings and "nd" as missing values
- Converted Date_taken from M/D/YY format (e.g., 2/7/21) to ISO 8601 date format (%Y-%m-%d)
- Output written to 1000890_v1_water_nutrients.csv
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:To evaluate the effectiveness of our nutrient treatment, we collected water samples using 50-ml syringes ~3cm above the benthos in each of our High consumer pressure exclosures only (i.e., our open 1.25m2 exclosures). Instrument Name: Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Short Name:Manual Biota Sampler Instrument Description: "Manual Biota Sampler" indicates that a sample was collected in situ by a person, possibly using a hand-held collection device such as a jar, a net, or their hands. This term could also refer to a simple tool like a hammer, saw, or other hand-held tool. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/90/
Seal Analytical AA500
Seal Analytical AA500
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seal Analytical AA500 PI Supplied Instrument Description:We analyzed inorganic nitrogen (nitrite + nitrate) and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations using an autoanalyzer at the Marine Science Institute Analytical Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Seal Analytical AA500 is a high-throughput, automated segmented flow analyzer (SFA) designed for environmental, industrial, and agricultural testing, running over 700 documented EPA, ISO, and ASTM methods. Instrument Name: Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Short Name:Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Description: Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. In general, a Nutrient Autoanalyzer is an automated flow-thru system for doing nutrient analysis (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) on seawater samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/