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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1001113.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Solid Phase extracted metal distributions collected on the US GEOTRACES GP17- ANT expedition aboard R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer (cruise NBP24-01) in the Southern Ocean across the Amundsen Sea from December 2023 to January 2024</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Boiteau, R. M., Repeta, D. J., Coffey, N. R., Timilsina, A. (2026) Solid Phase extracted metal distributions collected on the US GEOTRACES GP17- ANT expedition aboard R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer (cruise NBP24-01) in the Southern Ocean across the Amundsen Sea from December 2023 to January 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-06-16 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1001113.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>GP17-ANT DSPE Metal Concentrations Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sample collection and preparation:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Each water sample was filtered directly from the trace metal clean GTC rosette/Go-Flo bottle sampler through a 0.45 micrometer (µm) Supor membrane filter (25 millimeters (mm)) or 0.2 µm Pall Acropak-200 Supor cartridge into a trace metal grade acid-cleaned 4-liter (L) polycarbonate bottles. Samples for solid phase extracted trace element ligands (TELs) were pumped at 20 milliliters per minute (mL/min) through Bond-Elut ENV solid phase extraction (SPE) columns (1 gram (g), 6 mL, P/N 12255012, Agilent Technologies) that had been previously activated by passing 6 mL each of distilled methanol (MeOH, Optima LCMS grade, Fisher Scientific), 0.1% HCl (VWR chemical, Aristar Ultra grade), and ultrapure water (qH₂O, 18.2 MΩ) through the column. SPE columns were frozen (-20 degrees Celsius (°C)) immediately after sample collection and returned to the laboratory for processing.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siderophore Processing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
SPE columns were thawed and concentrated TELs were then eluted with 10 mL distilled MeOH into 15 mL trace metal clean polypropylene tubes. Process blanks were prepared in parallel by eluting activated SPE columns with 10 mL MeOH. The methanol fraction was collected as the process blank. The eluted sample was concentrated down to ~1000 microliters (µL) by vacuum centrifugal concentrator (CentrIVap Evaporating System, LABCONCO).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A 10 µL stock solution of 100 micromolar (µM) cyanocobalamin was added to each sample as an internal standard.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Quantitative analyses of siderophores:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Chromatographic analyses were performed on a bioinert Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph (LC) system fitted with a loading pump, a low flow pump, and a 10-port switching valve. Full loop (50 µL) samples were injected using the 50 µL sample loop, then separated using a BEH C18 column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18, 130A&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, 1.7 µm, 2.1 mm X 50 mm, P/N 186002350, Waters) connected with a 5 mm guard column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 VanGuard, 130A&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, 1.7 µm, 2.1 mm X 5 mm, P/N 186003975, Waters) by the low flow pump at 50 μL/min. 5 millimolar (mM) ammonium formate in Milli-Q water and LC-MS-grade methanol were used as solvents A and B, respectively. Samples were separated using a 40 minute gradient flow (95% A/ 5% B to 5% A/ 95% B) followed by 9 minute washout at 95% B. Meanwhile, the loading pump was used to supply an internal standard (4 parts per billion (ppb) Indium in 1% HNO3 as solvent C) at a constant rate and maintain 26% of total organic (LC-MS grade MeoH) flow by mixing loading pump flow (150 µL/min) and low flow (50 µL) post-column before infusing into the ICPMS.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The combined flow from the LC (200 μL/min) was analyzed using a Thermo Scientific iCAP Q ICPMS fitted with a perfluoroalkoxy micronebulizer (PFA-ST, Elemental Scientific), and a cyclonic spray chamber cooled to 0 °C. Measurements were made in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode, with a helium collision gas flow of 4-4.5 mL/min to minimize isobaric interferences. Oxygen was introduced into the sample carrier gas at 25 mL/min to prevent the formation of reduced organic deposits onto the ICPMS skimmer and sampling cones.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The metal detector response was calibrated using standards, 10 ppb, 20 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, and 200 ppb, prepared from a commercial stock solution (InorganicVentures). These standards were analyzed using a method similar to other samples, but no column was connected and eluted with 5% of solvent B and 95% of solvent A for five minutes. A plot of the metal peak areas against concentration yielded a linear relationship (r² ~0.99) for the response of the ICPMS detector as calibration curve. Calibrations and process blanks were made for every 10-20 samples analyzed, with only small changes (RSD ~30%) were observed in the slope of the calibration relationship over the course of the two years of sample analysis. Concentrations of TELs in each sample were calculated by integrating the metal peak area (detector response) of interested time range and using appropriate calibration curve for the peak area.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/955347.rdf" xlink:title="ANT-2410011" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Antarctic Sciences (NSF ANT) Award Number: ANT-2410011 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2410011</gmx:Anchor>
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The supply of iron and other biologically essential trace elements to surface waters is a critical regulator of biological growth in the Southern Ocean. Sea ice volume and the physical dynamics of the Southern Ocean are currently experiencing rapid changes. An understanding of the corresponding changes in metal cycling is needed as these elements are essential for the growth of phytoplankton which plays an important role in modulating atmospheric CO2. One of the major knowledge gaps is understanding how soluble forms of these metals are generated and transported to the surface ocean. Many trace elements are insoluble in seawater and precipitate close to their sources unless they are bound to a dissolved organic molecule, or ligand, that keeps the metal in solution. Little is currently known about what these ligands are, where they come from, or how they affect the reactivity and fate of metals in the Southern Ocean. The study proposed here is designed to identify the organic ligands that bind to metals and determine the ligand sources and reactivity along the Antarctic continental margin.&lt;/p&gt;
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Unique GEOTRACES identifier for each water-column sample&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001133.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001134.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001136.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001137.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001138.rdf
	Name: Event
	Units: Unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Event number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001139.rdf
	Name: Latitude
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Latitude of sampling event; negative = south&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001141.rdf
	Name: Longitude
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Longitude of sampling event; negative = west&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001143.rdf
	Name: Depth
	Units: meter (m)
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001145.rdf
	Name: TotalFeLigands_56_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total SPE dissolved iron concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 6-50 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001146.rdf
	Name: HydrophilicFeLigands_56_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Hydrophilic SPE dissolved iron concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 6-33 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001147.rdf
	Name: HydrophobicFeLigands_56_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Hydrophobic SPE dissolved iron concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 33-50 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001148.rdf
	Name: TotalNiLigands_60_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total SPE dissolved Nickel concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 6-50 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001149.rdf
	Name: TotalCuLigands_63_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total SPE dissolved Copper concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 6-50 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1001150.rdf
	Name: TotalZnLigands_66_DSPEENV_CONC_BOTTLE
	Units: nanomole per litre (nM)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Total SPE dissolved Zinc concentration in nM [integrated retention time interval 6-50 min]&lt;/p&gt; 
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Each water sample was filtered directly from the trace metal clean GTC rosette/Go-Flo bottle sampler through a 0.45 micrometer (µm) Supor membrane filter (25 millimeters (mm)) or 0.2 µm Pall Acropak-200 Supor cartridge into a trace metal grade acid-cleaned 4-liter (L) polycarbonate bottles. Samples for solid phase extracted trace element ligands (TELs) were pumped at 20 milliliters per minute (mL/min) through Bond-Elut ENV solid phase extraction (SPE) columns (1 gram (g), 6 mL, P/N 12255012, Agilent Technologies) that had been previously activated by passing 6 mL each of distilled methanol (MeOH, Optima LCMS grade, Fisher Scientific), 0.1% HCl (VWR chemical, Aristar Ultra grade), and ultrapure water (qH₂O, 18.2 MΩ) through the column. SPE columns were frozen (-20 degrees Celsius (°C)) immediately after sample collection and returned to the laboratory for processing.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Siderophore Processing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
SPE columns were thawed and concentrated TELs were then eluted with 10 mL distilled MeOH into 15 mL trace metal clean polypropylene tubes. Process blanks were prepared in parallel by eluting activated SPE columns with 10 mL MeOH. The methanol fraction was collected as the process blank. The eluted sample was concentrated down to ~1000 microliters (µL) by vacuum centrifugal concentrator (CentrIVap Evaporating System, LABCONCO).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A 10 µL stock solution of 100 micromolar (µM) cyanocobalamin was added to each sample as an internal standard.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Quantitative analyses of siderophores:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Chromatographic analyses were performed on a bioinert Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph (LC) system fitted with a loading pump, a low flow pump, and a 10-port switching valve. Full loop (50 µL) samples were injected using the 50 µL sample loop, then separated using a BEH C18 column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18, 130A&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, 1.7 µm, 2.1 mm X 50 mm, P/N 186002350, Waters) connected with a 5 mm guard column (ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 VanGuard, 130A&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, 1.7 µm, 2.1 mm X 5 mm, P/N 186003975, Waters) by the low flow pump at 50 μL/min. 5 millimolar (mM) ammonium formate in Milli-Q water and LC-MS-grade methanol were used as solvents A and B, respectively. Samples were separated using a 40 minute gradient flow (95% A/ 5% B to 5% A/ 95% B) followed by 9 minute washout at 95% B. Meanwhile, the loading pump was used to supply an internal standard (4 parts per billion (ppb) Indium in 1% HNO3 as solvent C) at a constant rate and maintain 26% of total organic (LC-MS grade MeoH) flow by mixing loading pump flow (150 µL/min) and low flow (50 µL) post-column before infusing into the ICPMS.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The combined flow from the LC (200 μL/min) was analyzed using a Thermo Scientific iCAP Q ICPMS fitted with a perfluoroalkoxy micronebulizer (PFA-ST, Elemental Scientific), and a cyclonic spray chamber cooled to 0 °C. Measurements were made in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) mode, with a helium collision gas flow of 4-4.5 mL/min to minimize isobaric interferences. Oxygen was introduced into the sample carrier gas at 25 mL/min to prevent the formation of reduced organic deposits onto the ICPMS skimmer and sampling cones.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The metal detector response was calibrated using standards, 10 ppb, 20 ppb, 50 ppb, 100 ppb, and 200 ppb, prepared from a commercial stock solution (InorganicVentures). These standards were analyzed using a method similar to other samples, but no column was connected and eluted with 5% of solvent B and 95% of solvent A for five minutes. A plot of the metal peak areas against concentration yielded a linear relationship (r² ~0.99) for the response of the ICPMS detector as calibration curve. Calibrations and process blanks were made for every 10-20 samples analyzed, with only small changes (RSD ~30%) were observed in the slope of the calibration relationship over the course of the two years of sample analysis. Concentrations of TELs in each sample were calculated by integrating the metal peak area (detector response) of interested time range and using appropriate calibration curve for the peak area.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gco:CharacterString>- Loaded data from &amp;quot;GP17 ANT DSPEMETAL Concentration 02122026.xlsx&amp;quot; (sheet &amp;quot;combined_odvdata_all_with_meta&amp;quot;) into the BCO-DMO processing system.
- Renamed column &amp;quot;GEOTRACES ID&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;GEOTRACES_ID&amp;quot;.
- Combined Date (format &amp;quot;%Y/%m/%d&amp;quot;) and Time (format &amp;quot;%H:%M:%S&amp;quot;) fields in UTC to create new datetime column &amp;quot;ISO_DateTime_UTC&amp;quot; (format &amp;quot;%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ&amp;quot;).
- Saved the final file as &amp;quot;1001113_v1_gp17_dspe_metal.csv&amp;quot;.</gco:CharacterString>
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This category includes vacuum centrifuge concentrator, which include a vacuum chamber within which a centrifuge rotor is mounted for spinning a plurality of vials containing a solution at high speed while subjecting the solution to a vacuum condition for concentration and evaporation. Alternative names: sample concentrator; speed vacuum; speed vac.</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/530.rdf" xlink:title="Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Thermo Scientific iCAP Q ICPMS</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/929905.rdf" xlink:title="Solid Phase Extraction System" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Bond-Elut ENV solid phase extraction (SPE) columns</gmx:Anchor>
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         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/C17/current/3206" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Community Standard Description</gmx:Anchor>
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              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/authority/1.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54021.rdf"
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                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/person/51056.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Peter N. Sedwick</gmx:Anchor>
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                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/affiliation/49.rdf" xlink:title="Affiliation" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Old Dominion University</gmx:Anchor>
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                                <gmd:URL>https://www.bodc.ac.uk/resources/inventories/cruise_inventory/reports/nathanielbpalmer_nbp2401.pdf</gmd:URL>
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              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/authority/1.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54021.rdf"
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