14:I[71133,["4507","static/chunks/e2799680-446c489506865058.js","7665","static/chunks/7665-81c5407bc4489ff9.js","8500","static/chunks/8500-e4dd1cb1bb626827.js","9753","static/chunks/9753-028c0a26aa71f2d4.js","8437","static/chunks/8437-a09d0b83fcec76af.js","4557","static/chunks/4557-64c5efa221bc528f.js","947","static/chunks/947-410627998426400f.js","5357","static/chunks/5357-6142894e88cb7da2.js","8382","static/chunks/app/dataset/%5Bid%5D/data/view/page-177ea8adea7aed86.js"],"default"] 15:T7c2,

We conducted tracer release experiments using SF₆ and a dye. We bubbled SF₆ into a 2-liter (L) plastic bottle that was half-filled with seawater from the bay. After adding 2 L of Rhodamine WT (20% solution) to a 20-L carboy, we filled the carboy with bay water and the SF₆-infused water. We gently released this tracer-enriched water into the Kāne'ohe Bay at the study site in the morning (~19:30 UTC; ~9:30 local time) from 15 to 19 August (year day (YD) 227 to 231) 2022.

We slowly traversed the tracer patch multiple times, collecting discrete water samples for SF₆ while continuously measuring Rhodamine WT within the patch. Following the procedures of Ho et al. (2000), we collected each SF₆ sample using a 50 milliliter (mL) glass syringe, with 30 mL of water drawn into the syringe. We submerged the syringes in a water-filled cooler for later measurements in the laboratory. We collected ~4 discrete SF₆ samples during each transect. We measured Rhodamine WT every 5 seconds using a YSI EXO1 sonde with a Rhodamine sensor. The sensor has a detection range of 0 to 1,000 micrograms per liter (μg L⁻¹), with an accuracy of 0.1 μg L⁻¹. We recorded data from the Rhodamine sensor using a GPS-equipped computer to track the precise time and location of each measurement. Sampling continued until the tracer patch exited the area of interest (~5 hours).

In the laboratory, we created a headspace in each syringe with UHP nitrogen gas (N₂) and shook each one for at least 3 minutes to achieve equilibration. After equilibration, we injected the sample gas into a sample loop, using magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO₄)₂) to remove water vapor. We then transferred the loop contents to a mol sieve 5A column at 60 degrees Celsius (°C) to separate SF₆ and other gases, and measured SF₆ concentrations using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD; Shimadzu GC-8A). Measurement reproducibility was within 4%.

16:T665,*Primary data file:* - Imported the three original tab-delimited SF6 raw text files (named Kaneohe_Bay_20220817_SF6.txt, Kaneohe_Bay_20220818_SF6.txt, and Kaneohe_Bay_20220819_SF6.txt) into the BCO-DMO processing system. - Concatenated the three files into a single table. - Renamed columns to satisfy BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions. - Converted column "datetime (UTC)" from format "%d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S" into a new datetime column "ISO_DateTime_UTC" formatted as "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ". - Saved the final file as "1003412_v1_kaneohe_bay_sf6.csv". *Supplemental files:* - Imported the three original tab-delimited SF6 (v2) text files (named Kaneohe_Bay_20220817_SF6_ver2.txt, Kaneohe_Bay_20220818_SF6_ver2.txt, and Kaneohe_Bay_20220819_SF6_ver2.txt) into the BCO-DMO processing system. - Concatenated the three files into a single table. - Renamed columns to satisfy BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions. - Converted the "datetime (UTC)" column (format %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S) into a new column ISO_DateTime_UTC formatted as %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ. - Saved the final file as "1003412_v1_sf6_with_est_latlon.csv". - Imported the three original tab-delimited Rhodamine text files (named Kaneohe_Bay_20220817_Rhodamine.txt, Kaneohe_Bay_20220818_Rhodamine.txt, and Kaneohe_Bay_20220819_Rhodamine.txt). - Concatenated the three files into a single table. - Renamed columns to satisfy BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions. - Converted the "datetime (UTC)" column (format %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S) into a new column ISO_DateTime_UTC formatted as %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ. - Saved the final file as "1003412_v1_supplemental_data_rhodamine.csv". 17:T424,Comprehensive multi-parameter, water-quality monitoring sondes designed for long-term monitoring, profiling and spot sampling. The EXO sondes are split into several categories: EXO1 Sonde, EXO2 Sonde, EXO3 Sonde. Each category has a slightly different design purpose with the EXO2 and EXO3 containing more sensor ports than the EXO1. Data are collected using up to four user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Users communicate with the sonde via a field cable to an EXO Handheld, via Bluetooth wireless connection to a PC, or a USB connection to a PC. Typical parameter specifications for relevant sensors include dissolved oxygen with ranges of 0-50 mg/l, with a resolution of +/- 0.1 mg/l, an accuracy of 1 percent of reading for values between 0-20 mg/l and an accuracy of +/- 5 percent of reading for values 20-50 mg/l. Temp ranges are from-5 to +50 degC, with an accuracy of +/- 0.001 degC. Conductivity has a range of 0-200 mS/cm, with an accuracy of +/-0.5 percent of reading + 0.001 mS/cm and a resolution of 0.0001 - 0.01 mS/cm.18:Tcdb,NSF Award Abstract: Air-sea transfers of energy and gases are critically important for predictions of short-term weather, as well as long term climate trends. Over the past decades, considerable effort has been devoted to parameterizing these fluxes in terms of widely measured variables such as wind speed. However, these parameterizations are inadequate in shallow coastal regions where fetch, waves, and bottom-generated turbulence influence the physical mechanisms responsible for the air-sea fluxes, which have implications for our ability to understand important environmental processes such as coral reef metabolism or carbon cycling. Furthermore, shallow coastal water ecosystems are susceptible to anthropogenic pollution, leading to hypoxia or anoxia. In order to understand the future states of these ecosystems that are exposed to continued anthropogenic perturbations, biogeochemical budgets and fluxes have to be established, including exchanges across the air-water interface, i.e., they require quantitative knowledge of factors controlling gas exchange. This project will measure the air-sea gas fluxes and multiple physical variables contributing to their variability in a shallow coral reef. It is anticipated that the results from this study will yield improved understanding of the influence of physical processes such as wind, currents, waves on producing surface-, and bottom-driven turbulence, and how they control air-sea gas exchange in shallow coastal waters. They should also allow these processes to be parameterized in terms of easily measured environmental variables such as wind speeds, current velocities, and water depth. On a more local level, the PIs will continue their efforts toward disseminating scientific understanding in the field of physical and chemical oceanography by participating in undergraduate research opportunities, local science events targeted at K-12 students, and graduate student advising. This project will provide multidisciplinary training to two graduate students, and an undergraduate student. A series of experiments will be performed over two consecutive years on the barrier reef of Kane'ohe Bay, Hawaii to determine factors that control gas exchange in shallow ocean environments. During the experiment, gas transfer velocities will be measured with tracers (N2O, SF6, Rhodamine WT) and eddy covariance of CO2, along with concurrent measurements of processes such as wind, current, waves and turbulence. With the data collected in Kane'ohe Bay, the PIs will: (i) Assess when or whether it is valid to apply open ocean wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations to shallow water environments (ii) Improve our understanding of how physical processes such as wind, currents, waves interact with the shallow bottom to produce surface-, and bottom-driven turbulence (iii) Examine how surface and bottom generated turbulence control air-sea gas exchange in shallow coastal waters (iv) Parameterize gas exchange in shallow water environments in terms of easily measured environmental variables such as wind speeds, current velocities, and water depth. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L14",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"1003412","description":"","problem":"Note: The experiment was conducted from August 15th to 19th, but the data on August 15th and 16th did not pass QA/QC. Therefore, data from August 15 and 16 are excluded from this dataset.","acquisition":"$15","processing":"","bcodmoProcessing":"$16","title":"Sulfur hexafluoride and rhodamine WT from a tracer release experiment in August 2022 in the Kāne'ohe Bay","nickname":"Kāne'ohe Bay SF₆ and Rhodamine WT data","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2026-08-04T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"A tracer release experiment using SF₆ and Rhodamine WT was conducted between 15 and 19 August 2022 in the Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawaii, USA. SF₆ concentrations were measured using a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) connected with a headspace system. The concentrations of Rhodamine WT were measured with a YSI EXO1 sonde with a Rhodamine sensor.","citation":"Ho, D. T., Dobashi, R. (2026) Sulfur hexafluoride and rhodamine WT from a tracer release experiment in August 2022 in the Kāne'ohe Bay. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-08-04 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1003412.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1003412.1","versionDate":"2026-08-04","versionId":"1","year":"2026","title":"Sulfur hexafluoride and rhodamine WT from a tracer release experiment in August 2022 in the Kāne'ohe Bay","authors":"Ho, D. T., Dobashi, R.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1003412.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawaii, USA","temporal_extent":{"start":"2022-08-17T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2022-08-20T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1660708800","label":"2022-08-17"},"end":{"value":"1660968000","label":"2022-08-20"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":21.465290014961,"longitude":-157.7922651097},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-157.79665 21.46327, -157.78788 21.46327, -157.78788 21.46731, -157.79665 21.46731, -157.79665 21.46327))","north":21.46731,"east":-157.78788,"south":21.46327,"west":-157.79665},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results","experimental"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"1005108","title":"1003412_v1_kaneohe_bay_sf6.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/file/g7l41kVUNM6330/1003412_v1_kaneohe_bay_sf6.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/data/view/1005108","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 1003412, version 1. 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For SF6, we recorded the sampling times, so its sampling locations can be estimated by referring to those times with the latitude, longitude, and datetime information in the Rhodamine WT data file.\n\nColumn Name, Description, Units of measurement, Standard BCO-DMO name, DataType, Format\n\nISO_DateTime_UTC,Date and time (Coordinated Universal Time: UTC) in ISO 8601 format.,untiless,ISO_DateTime_UTC,Datetime,%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ\nEstimated_Latitude,Estimated latitude by referring to Rhodamine WT data,decimal degrees,lat,Float,\nEstimated_Longitude,Estimated longitude by referring to Rhodamine WT data,decimal degrees,lon,Float,\nSF6_fmol_L,sulfur hexafluoride concentration,femtomoles per liter (fmol/L),SF6,Float,","filename":"1003412_v1_sf6_with_est_latlon.csv","bytesize":10432,"checksum":{"value":"02d8f1897db47b00d5644ae6bfe8c2fd","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":true,"restricted":false},{"id":"1005110","title":"1003412_v1_supplemental_data_rhodamine.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/file/7DQKNAzIm4VRVy/1003412_v1_supplemental_data_rhodamine.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/data/view/1005110","description":"Supplemental file for dataset ID 1003412, version 1.\n\nColumn Name, Description, Units of measurement, Standard BCO-DMO name, DataType, Format\n\nISO_DateTime_UTC,Date and time (Coordinated Universal Time: UTC) in ISO 8601 format.,unitless,ISO_DateTime_UTC,Datetime,%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ\nlatitude,latitude,decimal degrees,lat,Float,\nlongitude,longitude,decimal degrees,lon,Float,\ntemperature,temperature,degrees Celsius,temp,Float,\nsalinity,salinity,unitless,sal,Float,\nRhodamineWT,Rhodamine WT concentration,micrograms per liter (µg/L),rhodamines,Float,","filename":"1003412_v1_supplemental_data_rhodamine.csv","bytesize":331700,"checksum":{"value":"3245ef65980eb6dcc8d74a30494adcb7","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":false,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"50958","name":"David T. Ho"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"823765","name":"University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa"}},{"role":{"_id":"128","name":"Student"},"performedBy":{"_id":"906701","name":"Ryo Dobashi"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"823765","name":"University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"990548","name":"OCE-1829911","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1829911"},{"_id":"990553","name":"OCE-1829657","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1829657"},{"_id":"990557","name":"OCE-1829993","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=1829993"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"1003422","name":"gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-8A)","description":"A gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-8A, SHIMADZU).","type_id":"661","type_name":"Gas Chromatograph","type_desc":"Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC)","type_acronym":"Gas Chromatograph"},{"_id":"1003423","name":"YSI EXO1","description":"YSI EXO1 sonde with a Rhodamine, temperature, and salinity sensor.","type_id":"768595","type_name":"YSI EXO multiparameter water quality sondes","type_desc":"$17","type_acronym":"YSI EXO"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"1003425","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","format":"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ","frictionlessType":"datetime","description":"

Date and time (Coordinated Universal Time: UTC) in ISO 8601 format.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"1003427","name":"SF6_fmol_L","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

sulfur hexafluoride concentration

","units":{"_id":"","name":"femtomoles per liter (fmol/L)"},"type":{"_id":"820362","name":"sulfur hexafluoride","description":"

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"1003424","citation":"Ho, D. T., Asher, W. E., Bliven, L. F., Schlosser, P., & Gordan, E. L. (2000). On mechanisms of rain‐induced air‐water gas exchange. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105(C10), 24045–24057. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc000280\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_1003412_v1.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1003412/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[{"_id":"2015","name":"Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry","acronym":"OCB"},{"_id":"2016","name":"United States Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study","acronym":"U.S. SOLAS"}],"projects":[{"_id":"990549","name":"Collaborative Research: Influence of wind and bottom generated turbulence on air-sea gas exchange in shallow water environments","acronym":"Gas exchange in shallow ocean environments","description":"$18"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1003412.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1003412.1","date_assigned":"2026-08-13","version_date":"2026-08-04","archiver":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)","archiver_id":"191"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":16},"downloads":{"count":74}}}}]