http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004017
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-08-06
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Pyrosome fecal pellet biogenic silica measurements collected from the cruise RR2105 on R/V Roger Revelle in the California Current Ecosystem from July to August 2021
2026-08-14
publication
2026-08-14
revision
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)
2026-08-14
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1004017.1
Katherine Barbeau
University of California-San Diego Scripps
principalInvestigator
Moira Decima
University of California-San Diego Scripps
principalInvestigator
Natalia Llopis Monferrer
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
principalInvestigator
Stephanie Matthews
University of California-San Diego Scripps
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Cawley, G., Decima, M., Barbeau, K., Matthews, S., Llopis Monferrer, N., Padilla Villa, M. (2026) Pyrosome fecal pellet biogenic silica measurements collected from the cruise RR2105 on R/V Roger Revelle in the California Current Ecosystem from July to August 2021. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-08-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1004017.1 [access date]
P2107 Pyrosome Pellet bSi Dataset Description: <p>Samples were collected on CCE-NSF process cruise (OCE-1637632, Project: California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research Site).&nbsp;</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Colonies for production and sinking experiments were collected from the upper 40 m of the water column using a vertically towed 202 µm net equipped with a 30 L non-filtering cod-end. Tows were preferentially conducted at night, as organisms exhibited distinct DVM behavior, which was possible during the Offshore cycle; however, for the transects we conducted, these tows were conducted whenever the ship arrived on station. For fecal pellet production experiments, colonies were gently transferred from the cod-end, ensuring that no air entered the common canal, and placed in an appropriately sized container (allowing the organisms to be submerged in typically ~500 mL, but we used containers of up to 1.5L for a handful of large specimens) filled with filtered 0.2 µm seawater for microscopic evaluation. Pellet production experiments were only conducted during the Offshore cycle and the two transects (CCT and AT), while fecal pellet sinking rate determinations were conducted during Onshore 2, Offshore, and one transect (CCT).</p>
<p>Fecal pellet production was measured following the methods described in Drits et al. (1992). Pyrosome colonies were transferred into containers filled with 0.2-µm-filtered seawater and placed under dissecting microscopes to visualize their common cloacal aperture. The number of fecal pellets produced was counted during continuous observations over 2 min. Initially, we observed colony defecation for 1 to 7 min while determining the count period length. Since we observed a noticeable decrease in production over time, beginning after the first ~2-3 minutes, as noted by Drits et al. (1992), we conducted counts for 2 min immediately after transferring the colonies into the observation container.</p>
<p>For biogenic silica estimations, pellets (n = 35-104) collected from the above production experiment, were transferred to a 47 mm diameter track-etched polycarbonate filter (Isopore™), then folded and placed in a cryogenic vial and placed in an oven at 60°C for 24h. Biogenic silica measurements were conducted as described below for water column samples. Biogenic silica concentrations from grouped pellets on the filter was then divided by the number of pellets to obtain individual bSi per pellet measurements.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2329559 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2329559
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2224726 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2224726
completed
Katherine Barbeau
University of California-San Diego Scripps
858-822-4339
9500 Gilman Drive Mail Code: 0218
La Jolla
CA
92093
USA
kbarbeau@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
Moira Decima
University of California-San Diego Scripps
858-246-4710
9500 Gilman Dr #0218
La Jolla
CA
92093-0218
USA
mdecima@ucsd.edu
pointOfContact
Natalia Llopis Monferrer
Université de Bretagne Occidentale
nllopis@sb-roscoff.fr
pointOfContact
Stephanie Matthews
University of California-San Diego Scripps
samatt@uw.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Incubation
Cycle_id
day_sta_id
date
latitude
longitude
cycle
station
absorbance
slope
dilution_factor
bSi
bSi_filter
pellets_for_filter
Cary 300 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
theme
None, User defined
experiment id
sample identification
date
latitude
longitude
station
absorbance
No BCO-DMO term
dilution
biogenic silica concentration
count
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Plankton Net
Spectrophotometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
RR2105
service
Deployment Activity
California Current System, Northeastern Pacific Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Assessing the causes of the pyrosome invasion and persistence in the California Current Ecosystem
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/916814
Collaborative Research: Assessing the causes of the pyrosome invasion and persistence in the California Current Ecosystem
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
A key component of the ocean food web is comprised of floating animals, or zooplankton, that transfer energy from phytoplankton to fish, whales, and birds. Zooplankton include many different types of organisms that can be broadly categorized as crustacean or gelatinous, with most fish and whales preferring crustaceans as a fat-rich food source over gelatinous animals, which are higher in water content. Historically, the California Current ecosystem off the U.S. West Coast has been dominated by crustacean zooplankton, such as krill and copepods, but in 2014 there were huge abundances of a type of colonial, gelatinous zooplankton known as pyrosomes, which caused widespread damage to fisheries by fouling fishing gear and dominating catch. Although the arrival of pyrosomes coincided with an extensive marine heatwave, lower abundances have since persisted despite a return to cooler ocean temperatures. Analysis of time series data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) indicate that pyrosomes were also observed in the California Current many decades ago when the ocean was not particularly warm. This study combines analysis of past samples from CalCOFI, ocean circulation models, and biological models to understand the causes of these quickly growing pyrosome populations in the California Current. It supports training for undergraduate and graduate students. In addition, the project is reaching K-12 students through a unique partnership with the San Diego County Office of Education that is developing Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)-aligned resources for middle and high school science teachers in California. The educational resources are being disseminated through the California Science Project and California Environmental Literacy Initiative. Public outreach in San Diego (CA) is through the Enhancing Your Horizons San Diego conference and the San Diego Regional Competition of the National Ocean Sciences Bowl, and in Santa Cruz (CA) through the Seymour Marine Discovery Center.</p>
<p>Predicting how ecosystems respond to accelerating climate change is a major challenge. The recent appearance of the pyrosome Pyrosoma atlanticum in the California Current is a major perturbation to the ecosystem, and the cause remains unknown. Both ocean physics and plankton food-web dynamics are key determinants of variability in pelagic community composition in this ecosystem, yet unraveling the degree to which variability in physics (through warming and advection) combines with shifting biological interactions (through nutrient cycling and altered food-web dynamics) to determine composition and function is complicated. This project combines the analysis of past historical samples from seven decades of the CalCOFI time series, data-assimilative and non-data assimilative ocean circulation models, and biological population models to determine the role ocean physics and biological interactions have played in shaping pyrosome abundance, trophic dynamics, and population growth and mortality in the California Current. This novel framework is providing mechanistic understanding that is required to predict how plankton communities respond to climate change.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
Pyrosomes in the CCE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
California Current System, Northeastern Pacific Ocean
-130.5453
-120.9346
34.4768
36.5729
2021-07-29
2021-08-11
California Current ecosystem off the U.S. West Coast
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Pyrosome fecal pellet biogenic silica measurements collected from the cruise RR2105 on R/V Roger Revelle in the California Current Ecosystem from July to August 2021
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004206.rdf
Name: Incubation
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Incubation experiment identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004207.rdf
Name: Cycle_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling cycle identifier; Transect 1 = 10, Transect 2 = 20</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004208.rdf
Name: day_sta_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Day and/or station identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004209.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date of Experiment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004210.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude in decimal degrees north</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004212.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude in decimal degrees west</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004214.rdf
Name: cycle
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling cycle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004215.rdf
Name: station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling station identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004216.rdf
Name: absorbance
Units: percentage (%)
Description: <p>Absorbance expressed as percent</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004217.rdf
Name: slope
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calibration curve slope used for calculation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004218.rdf
Name: dilution_factor
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Dilution factor applied to sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004219.rdf
Name: bSi
Units: micromoles (µm)
Description: <p>Biogenic silica concentration in 20 mL subsample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004220.rdf
Name: bSi_filter
Units: micromoles (µm)
Description: <p>Total biogenic silica measured on filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004221.rdf
Name: pellets_for_filter
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of pellets collected on filter</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1004017.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Colonies for production and sinking experiments were collected from the upper 40 m of the water column using a vertically towed 202 µm net equipped with a 30 L non-filtering cod-end. Tows were preferentially conducted at night, as organisms exhibited distinct DVM behavior, which was possible during the Offshore cycle; however, for the transects we conducted, these tows were conducted whenever the ship arrived on station. For fecal pellet production experiments, colonies were gently transferred from the cod-end, ensuring that no air entered the common canal, and placed in an appropriately sized container (allowing the organisms to be submerged in typically ~500 mL, but we used containers of up to 1.5L for a handful of large specimens) filled with filtered 0.2 µm seawater for microscopic evaluation. Pellet production experiments were only conducted during the Offshore cycle and the two transects (CCT and AT), while fecal pellet sinking rate determinations were conducted during Onshore 2, Offshore, and one transect (CCT).</p>
<p>Fecal pellet production was measured following the methods described in Drits et al. (1992). Pyrosome colonies were transferred into containers filled with 0.2-µm-filtered seawater and placed under dissecting microscopes to visualize their common cloacal aperture. The number of fecal pellets produced was counted during continuous observations over 2 min. Initially, we observed colony defecation for 1 to 7 min while determining the count period length. Since we observed a noticeable decrease in production over time, beginning after the first ~2-3 minutes, as noted by Drits et al. (1992), we conducted counts for 2 min immediately after transferring the colonies into the observation container.</p>
<p>For biogenic silica estimations, pellets (n = 35-104) collected from the above production experiment, were transferred to a 47 mm diameter track-etched polycarbonate filter (Isopore™), then folded and placed in a cryogenic vial and placed in an oven at 60°C for 24h. Biogenic silica measurements were conducted as described below for water column samples. Biogenic silica concentrations from grouped pellets on the filter was then divided by the number of pellets to obtain individual bSi per pellet measurements.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>For biogenic silica [KB1] analysis, seawater samples (0.25–1 L, depending on distance to shore, or biomass) were filtered under gentle vacuum through 0.8 μm pore size, 47 mm diameter track-etched polycarbonate filters (Isopore™). Filters were then folded into quarters (particulate matter inside-facing) and placed in cryovials with the caps slightly loosened, dried in an oven at 60° C for 24 h, and stored until their laboratory analysis (Brzezinski and Nelson 1989). On land, all biogenic particles filtered were digested at 95° C for 40 minutes in a 0.2 N NaOH solution (Paasche 1973; Brzezinski and Nelson 1995). This procedure specifically targets the dissolution of biogenic silica, so lithogenic silica interferences are essentially avoided (Krausse et al. 1983). The samples were digested in HF-cleaned 15 mL TPX® polymethylpentene tubes as recommended in Brzezinski and Nelson, 1995. Immediately after their digestion, the samples were cooled, neutralized with 1 N HCl and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1200 × g (Brzezinski and Nelson, 1989). The reactive orthosilicic acid content of the supernatant is determined at 810nm via the colorimetric ammonium molybdate method described by Strickland and Parsons (1972). Sodium hexaflurosilicate (Na 2 SiF 6) standard curves (0, 0.5, 5, 20, 50, 100 µmol L<sup>-1</sup>) were made in deionized water. Standards were treated identically to samples.</p>
<p>bSi on the filter was calculated by computing bSi in umoles in 20 mL &nbsp;(dividing abs (%) by slope and multiplying by 0.2.) and then multiplying by the dilution factor.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
- Loaded data from Cawleyetal_2026_PelletbSi.csv, set, "nd", and "ND" as missing values
- Renamed columns: "Cycle; transect1=10; transect 2=20;" to Cycle_id, "day/sta" to day_sta_id, "lat [deg_north]" to latitude, "lon [deg_west]" to longitude, "abs [%]" to absorbance, "dilution factor" to dilution_factor, "bSi [umoles in 20 mL]" to bSi, "bSi [umols on filter]" to bSi_filter, "pellets for filter" to pellets_for_filter
- Renamed table 1004017_v1_cawley_pelletbsi
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:202 µm net equipped with a 30 L non-filtering cod-end Instrument Name: Plankton Net Instrument Short Name:Plankton Net Instrument Description: A Plankton Net is a generic term for a sampling net that is used to collect plankton. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/
Cary 300 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Cary 300 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Cary 300 UV-Vis spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:After alkaline digestion of biogenic silica from particulate material, dissolved silica concentrations were obtained using a colorimetric molybdate-blue method. The Cary 300 UV-Vis measured absorbance at 810 nm to calculate bSi concentrations from calibration standards and processed sample digests. Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/
Cruise: RR2105
RR2105
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel
RR2105
Michael R. Stukel
Florida State University
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel