http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004832 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2026-08-12 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Dissolved barium concentration and barium isotope measurements from seawater profiles and coastal groundwater in the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea) from October 2015 to August 2017 2026-08-12 publication 2026-08-12 revision BCO-DMO Linked Data URI 2026-08-12 creation http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004832 Tristan J. Horner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Adina Paytan University of California-Santa Cruz principalInvestigator Adi Torfstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Horner, T. J., Mayfield, K. K., Auro, M., Paytan, A., Torfstein, A. (2026) Dissolved barium concentration and barium isotope measurements from seawater profiles and coastal groundwater in the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea) from October 2015 to August 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-08-12 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004832 [access date] GOA dissolved barium dataset (2015–2017) Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;These data correspond to the seawater and groundwater entries in Table 2 of Mayfield et al. (2024).&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Samples were collected as part of the &lt;em&gt;Red Sea Dust, Marine Particulates and Seawater Time Series&lt;/em&gt; program. Dissolved seawater samples were collected from vertical profiles at Station A in the Gulf of Aqaba using trace metal clean sampling procedures following GEOTRACES protocols. Seawater was collected using acid-cleaned, Teflon-coated GO-Flo bottles and transported to a clean laboratory within 1 to 2 hours. Samples were filtered through an acid-cleaned Acropak 500 cartridge filter (0.8/0.2 micrometer polyethersulfone), acidified with trace metal clean hydrochloric acid to pH less than or equal to 2, and stored refrigerated in acid-cleaned polypropylene vials prior to analysis. One coastal groundwater sample was collected from a shallow well near the shoreline at the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat and was processed for dissolved barium concentration and barium isotope analysis.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023456 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023456 onGoing Tristan J. Horner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 508-289-3825 266 Woods Hole Rd. Clark 448, MS# 25 Woods Hole MA 02543 United States Tristan.Horner@whoi.edu pointOfContact Adina Paytan University of California-Santa Cruz 831-459-1437 Earth & Marine Sciences C308 1156 High St Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA apaytan@ucsc.edu pointOfContact Adi Torfstein Hebrew University of Jerusalem adi.torf@mail.huji.ac.il pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown sample_type latitude longitude site sample_collection_date water_depth_m d138Ba_permil d138Ba_2sd_permil ba_concentration_nmol_kg ba_concentration_2sd_nmol_kg num_replicates_chemistry num_measurements_isotope General Oceanics Thermo Finnigan Neptune theme None, User defined event type latitude longitude station date depth Barium number of replicates featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters GO-FLO Bottle Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/885359 The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> The biological cycling of carbon in the oceans entrains many other elements, some directly (like nutrients that are essential for life) and some indirectly, as they become chemically involved in the processes that are affecting carbon. One such element is barium (Ba). Particles of the mineral barite (barium sulfate) have been found to form in association with microbial consumption of organic material in the ocean’s “twilight zone.” These particles settle to the ocean floor, and their presence in sediments has been used to infer changes in the conditions in the ocean back in time. Both the amount of barite in sediments and the isotope composition of Ba in barite are potentially sensitive to processes occurring in the twilight zone. However, several long-standing questions remain about Ba cycling in the oceans, which complicates the interpretation of barium-based proxy records. Examples of remaining questions include how much barium enters the oceans at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites, and what controls the precipitation and dissolution of barite in the water column. This project seeks to tackle these questions using new approaches, on three scheduled research expeditions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. In doing so, this project will support the education, training, and career development of a graduate student, postdoctoral researcher, and junior investigator. Undergraduate students from underrepresented groups will be recruited to conduct complementary shore-based experiments.</p> <p>This proposal seeks to answer four questions central to the utility of barium-based proxies in oceanography: What are the major inputs of new Ba to the ocean? What are their isotopic compositions? What controls the amount of pelagic barite precipitated during the remineralization of organic matter? What influences its isotopic composition? These questions will be addressed using a field-centric approach combining: in situ and shipboard tracer-incubation experiments, AUV-led adaptive sampling of Ba cycling ‘hotpots’, and section-based surveying of the surrounding oceanographic features. This multi-pronged approach will be used to investigate: the flux and isotopic composition of Ba released from the largest hydrothermal fields in the ocean, the Southern East Pacific Rise, with a focus on low-temperature venting; rates and signatures of pelagic barite precipitation associated with different phytoplankton assemblages in the Southern Ocean; and, the importance of environmental conditions, such as low ambient oxygen concentrations, in setting the efficiency of barite precipitation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The significance of each transformation will be assessed, which may lead to ruling out the importance of certain processes, or identifying new dependencies that could form the basis of new proxies.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p> The Three S&#039;s largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans 34.917 34.917 29.467 29.502 2015-10-26 2017-08-24 Eastern Tropical Pacific, Subtropical South Pacific, Sub-Antarctic Pacific, and Southern Oceans 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Dissolved barium concentration and barium isotope measurements from seawater profiles and coastal groundwater in the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea) from October 2015 to August 2017 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006433.rdf Name: sample_type Units: unitless Description: <p>Sample type or material class for each row (for example, seawater or groundwater).</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006434.rdf Name: latitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Latitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees north.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006436.rdf Name: longitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Longitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees east.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006438.rdf Name: site Units: unitless Description: <p>Sampling site associated with the sample.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006439.rdf Name: sample_collection_date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date the sample was collected, in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006440.rdf Name: water_depth_m Units: m Description: <p>Sample collection depth in meters. For seawater rows, this is water-column depth; for the groundwater row, this is the reported sample depth.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006442.rdf Name: d138Ba_permil Units: permil Description: <p>Barium isotopic composition reported in delta notation relative to NIST SRM 3104a.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006443.rdf Name: d138Ba_2sd_permil Units: permil Description: <p>Two standard deviation uncertainty associated with d138Ba.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006444.rdf Name: ba_concentration_nmol_kg Units: nmol kg-1 Description: <p>Dissolved barium concentration.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006445.rdf Name: ba_concentration_2sd_nmol_kg Units: nmol kg-1 Description: <p>Two standard deviation uncertainty associated with dissolved barium concentration.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006446.rdf Name: num_replicates_chemistry Units: count Description: <p>Number of independent replicates processed through ion chromatography.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1006447.rdf Name: num_measurements_isotope Units: count Description: <p>Number of mass spectrometry measurements used to calculate the reported isotope value.</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1004832/data/download download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Samples were collected as part of the &lt;em&gt;Red Sea Dust, Marine Particulates and Seawater Time Series&lt;/em&gt; program. Dissolved seawater samples were collected from vertical profiles at Station A in the Gulf of Aqaba using trace metal clean sampling procedures following GEOTRACES protocols. Seawater was collected using acid-cleaned, Teflon-coated GO-Flo bottles and transported to a clean laboratory within 1 to 2 hours. Samples were filtered through an acid-cleaned Acropak 500 cartridge filter (0.8/0.2 micrometer polyethersulfone), acidified with trace metal clean hydrochloric acid to pH less than or equal to 2, and stored refrigerated in acid-cleaned polypropylene vials prior to analysis. One coastal groundwater sample was collected from a shallow well near the shoreline at the Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat and was processed for dissolved barium concentration and barium isotope analysis.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;Barium isotope compositions are reported in delta notation (δ&lt;sup&gt;138&lt;/sup&gt;Ba) relative to NIST SRM 3104a. Instrumental mass bias and isotope ratios were corrected using a double-spike technique. A spiked standard was analyzed every fifth sample, and sample values were normalized to bracketing standards. Analytical precision is reported as the greater of long-term reproducibility (plus or minus 0.03 per mil, 2 standard deviations) or the standard error of replicate analyses. Data processing and calculations were performed using MATLAB R2018a. Dissolved barium concentrations were determined using isotope dilution and were corrected for procedural blanks. In one batch of seawater samples, elevated blank levels required larger corrections (see Problems/Issues); replicate analyses confirmed that corrected concentrations and isotope compositions were consistent with samples processed under lower blank conditions.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) - Loaded table &quot;Dissolved Samples.xlsx&quot; from Excel file and &quot;nd&quot; values as missing data - Converted sample_collection_date column from string format &quot;%m-%d-%y&quot; to date type with output format &quot;%Y-%m-%d&quot; - Renamed table dissolved_samples-1 to 1004832_v1_dissolvedbarium Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact General Oceanics General Oceanics PI Supplied Instrument Name: General Oceanics PI Supplied Instrument Description:Seawater samples were collected using acid-cleaned, Teflon-coated GO-Flo bottles (General Oceanics). Instrument Name: GO-FLO Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Instrument Description: GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/ Thermo Finnigan Neptune Thermo Finnigan Neptune PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Finnigan Neptune PI Supplied Instrument Description:Barium isotope analyses were conducted using a ThermoFinnigan Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Samples were processed using a double-spike method and purified using ion exchange chromatography prior to analysis. Instrument Name: Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Neptune ICP-MS Instrument Description: A laboratory high mass resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for elemental and isotopic analysis. The instrument is based on a multicollector platform, comprising eight moveable collector supports and one fixed center channel equipped with a Faraday cup and, optionally, an ion counter with or without a retardation lens. The Faraday cup is connected to a current amplifier, whose signal is digitized by a high linearity voltage to frequency converter. The instrument was originally manufactured by Thermo Finnigan, which has since been replaced by Thermo Scientific (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific). This model is no longer in production.