http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004882
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-08-12
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Barium isotope tracer experiment results from natural and synthetic barite–fluid laboratory equilibration experiments in artificial and filtered seawater
2026-08-12
publication
2026-08-12
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-08-12
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004882
Tristan J. Horner
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Horner, T. J., Middleton, J. (2026) Barium isotope tracer experiment results from natural and synthetic barite–fluid laboratory equilibration experiments in artificial and filtered seawater. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-08-12 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1004882 [access date]
Barite–fluid barium-136 tracer experiments Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Laboratory barite–fluid isotope-tracer experiments were conducted in the NIRVANA Labs at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A four-condition matrix combined two fluid types, artificial seawater and filtered seawater from Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, with two barite types, synthetic barium sulfate and natural pelagic barite isolated from Equatorial Pacific sediments. Artificial seawater was prepared following Smith &amp; Chanley (1975) and adjusted to approximately pH 8.1 with concentrated potassium hydroxide. Filtered seawater was collected using the flow-through seawater system at the Environmental Systems Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Huguenin, 1975), collected into 1 liter acid-washed high-density polyethylene bottles, and filtered through a 0.4 micrometer acid-washed polyethersulfone membrane in a clean room. Synthetic barite was Alfa Aesar barium sulfate powder, Lot 24177, and natural pelagic barite was isolated from Equatorial Pacific sediments. Known quantities of barite powder were added to each fluid and kept under constant agitation for up to six months. In each experiment, the dissolved pool was amended with a <sup>136</sup>Ba-enriched solution such that the initial fluid <sup>138</sup>Ba:<sup>136</sup>Ba ratio was approximately 0.35 ± 0.03 (±2 standard error, <em>n</em> = 4). Barium-136 additions were adjusted to achieve an initial barite saturation state of 1.3, calculated using PHREEQC. Aliquots of 2 milliliters were sampled over 174 days and filtered through a 0.22 micrometer polyethersulfone membrane filter prior to analysis of the fluid <sup>138</sup>Ba:<sup>136</sup>Ba ratio.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023456 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023456
onGoing
Tristan J. Horner
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3825
266 Woods Hole Rd. Clark 448, MS# 25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
United States
Tristan.Horner@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
experiment_id
fluid_type
barite_type
fluid_mass_g
barite_mass_mg
initial_ba_nmol_l
initial_ba_2se_nmol_l
l_barite_initial
initial_ba138_ba136_ratio_fluid
time_hr
ba138_ba136_ratio
ba138_ba136_2se
Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP Q quadrupole ICP-MS
New Brunswick Scientific Innova 2100 orbital shaker table
theme
None, User defined
experiment id
sample description
Barium
time_elapsed
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
Shaker
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/885359
The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
The biological cycling of carbon in the oceans entrains many other elements, some directly (like nutrients that are essential for life) and some indirectly, as they become chemically involved in the processes that are affecting carbon. One such element is barium (Ba). Particles of the mineral barite (barium sulfate) have been found to form in association with microbial consumption of organic material in the ocean’s “twilight zone.” These particles settle to the ocean floor, and their presence in sediments has been used to infer changes in the conditions in the ocean back in time. Both the amount of barite in sediments and the isotope composition of Ba in barite are potentially sensitive to processes occurring in the twilight zone. However, several long-standing questions remain about Ba cycling in the oceans, which complicates the interpretation of barium-based proxy records. Examples of remaining questions include how much barium enters the oceans at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites, and what controls the precipitation and dissolution of barite in the water column. This project seeks to tackle these questions using new approaches, on three scheduled research expeditions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. In doing so, this project will support the education, training, and career development of a graduate student, postdoctoral researcher, and junior investigator. Undergraduate students from underrepresented groups will be recruited to conduct complementary shore-based experiments.</p>
<p>This proposal seeks to answer four questions central to the utility of barium-based proxies in oceanography: What are the major inputs of new Ba to the ocean? What are their isotopic compositions? What controls the amount of pelagic barite precipitated during the remineralization of organic matter? What influences its isotopic composition? These questions will be addressed using a field-centric approach combining: in situ and shipboard tracer-incubation experiments, AUV-led adaptive sampling of Ba cycling ‘hotpots’, and section-based surveying of the surrounding oceanographic features. This multi-pronged approach will be used to investigate: the flux and isotopic composition of Ba released from the largest hydrothermal fields in the ocean, the Southern East Pacific Rise, with a focus on low-temperature venting; rates and signatures of pelagic barite precipitation associated with different phytoplankton assemblages in the Southern Ocean; and, the importance of environmental conditions, such as low ambient oxygen concentrations, in setting the efficiency of barite precipitation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The significance of each transformation will be assessed, which may lead to ruling out the importance of certain processes, or identifying new dependencies that could form the basis of new proxies.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
The Three S's
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
2026-08-12
Eastern Tropical Pacific, Subtropical South Pacific, Sub-Antarctic Pacific, and Southern Oceans
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Barium isotope tracer experiment results from natural and synthetic barite–fluid laboratory equilibration experiments in artificial and filtered seawater
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004992.rdf
Name: experiment_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Identifier for the isotope-tracer experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004993.rdf
Name: fluid_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of fluid used in the isotope-tracer experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004994.rdf
Name: barite_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of barite used in the isotope-tracer experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004995.rdf
Name: fluid_mass_g
Units: g
Description: <p>Mass of fluid in the experiment reactor at initiation.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004996.rdf
Name: barite_mass_mg
Units: mg
Description: <p>Mass of barite in the experiment reactor at initiation.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004997.rdf
Name: initial_ba_nmol_l
Units: nmol L-1
Description: <p>Initial dissolved barium concentration in the fluid at experiment initiation.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004998.rdf
Name: initial_ba_2se_nmol_l
Units: nmol L-1
Description: <p>Two standard error uncertainty of the initial dissolved barium concentration.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1004999.rdf
Name: l_barite_initial
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Initial fraction of total barium in the barite-fluid system that was held in barite.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005000.rdf
Name: initial_ba138_ba136_ratio_fluid
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Initial 138Ba:136Ba ratio of the fluid at experiment initiation.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005001.rdf
Name: time_hr
Units: hr
Description: <p>Elapsed time since experiment initiation.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005002.rdf
Name: ba138_ba136_ratio
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Measured 138Ba:136Ba ratio in the filtered fluid sample.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005003.rdf
Name: ba138_ba136_2se
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Two standard error uncertainty of the measured 138Ba:136Ba ratio in the filtered fluid sample.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1004882/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Laboratory barite–fluid isotope-tracer experiments were conducted in the NIRVANA Labs at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A four-condition matrix combined two fluid types, artificial seawater and filtered seawater from Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, with two barite types, synthetic barium sulfate and natural pelagic barite isolated from Equatorial Pacific sediments. Artificial seawater was prepared following Smith &amp; Chanley (1975) and adjusted to approximately pH 8.1 with concentrated potassium hydroxide. Filtered seawater was collected using the flow-through seawater system at the Environmental Systems Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (Huguenin, 1975), collected into 1 liter acid-washed high-density polyethylene bottles, and filtered through a 0.4 micrometer acid-washed polyethersulfone membrane in a clean room. Synthetic barite was Alfa Aesar barium sulfate powder, Lot 24177, and natural pelagic barite was isolated from Equatorial Pacific sediments. Known quantities of barite powder were added to each fluid and kept under constant agitation for up to six months. In each experiment, the dissolved pool was amended with a <sup>136</sup>Ba-enriched solution such that the initial fluid <sup>138</sup>Ba:<sup>136</sup>Ba ratio was approximately 0.35 ± 0.03 (±2 standard error, <em>n</em> = 4). Barium-136 additions were adjusted to achieve an initial barite saturation state of 1.3, calculated using PHREEQC. Aliquots of 2 milliliters were sampled over 174 days and filtered through a 0.22 micrometer polyethersulfone membrane filter prior to analysis of the fluid <sup>138</sup>Ba:<sup>136</sup>Ba ratio.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>For tracer analyses, a 100 microliter aliquot was taken from each isotope-tracer subsample, diluted with 2 percent nitric acid, and spiked with indium as an internal standard to achieve a final indium concentration of 1 nanogram per milliliter. Samples were measured at a salinity of 1.75 to minimize non-spectral matrix effects. Filtered samples were analyzed for <sup>138</sup>Ba:<sup>136</sup>Ba on a quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP Q quadrupole ICP-MS
Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP Q quadrupole ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP Q quadrupole ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP Q quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, operated in kinetic energy discrimination mode at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Plasma Facility. This instrument was used for 138Ba:136Ba measurements in filtered fluid samples from the isotope-tracer experiments. Instrument Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:ICP Mass Spec Instrument Description: An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
New Brunswick Scientific Innova 2100 orbital shaker table
New Brunswick Scientific Innova 2100 orbital shaker table
PI Supplied Instrument Name: New Brunswick Scientific Innova 2100 orbital shaker table PI Supplied Instrument Description:New Brunswick Scientific Innova 2100 orbital shaker table, used for continuous agitation of reactors. Instrument Name: Shaker Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A Shaker is a piece of lab equipment used to mix, blend, or to agitate substances in tube(s) or flask(s) by shaking them, which is mainly used in the fields of chemistry and biology. A shaker contains an oscillating board which is used to place the flasks, beakers, test tubes, etc.