http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1005542 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2026-08-19 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Barium stable isotopes from seawater and sediment core samples collected during the R/V Falkor 160115 and R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT013 cruises in the Equatorial Pacific in 2016 and 1992 2026-08-19 publication 2026-08-19 revision BCO-DMO Linked Data URI 2026-08-19 creation http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1005542 Tristan J. Horner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Mak A. Saito Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Julien Middleton Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Adina Paytan University of California-Santa Cruz principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Middleton, J., Horner, T. J., Saito, M. A., Paytan, A., Auro, M. (2026) Barium stable isotopes from seawater and sediment core samples collected during the R/V Falkor 160115 and R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT013 cruises in the Equatorial Pacific in 2016 and 1992. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-08-19 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1005542 [access date] Barium isotopes Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pore-water sampling.&lt;/strong&gt; Pore-waters were extracted from the upper N 30 cm of sediments along an Equatorial Pacific transect at 14O”W, from 12% to 9”N, at a water depth of approximately 4300 m (JGOFS-EqPac, Leg TTO13, November 1993); sample locations and water depths are listed in Table 1. Sediments were collected using a multi-corer. All cores had a well-preserved sediment-water interface with an occasional fluff of phyto-detritus, overlain by clear bottom seawater. Thus, sediment disturbance seems to have been minimal during the coring and recovery operations. Sub-cores were transferred within minutes of arrival on board into a cold room of 2”C, where they were sectioned into 0.5, 1 and 2 cm intervals in a nitrogen atmosphere glove bag and centrifuged at 700010,000 rpm. The pore-waters obtained were passed through pre-washed Nucleopore 0.45 km filters in a nitrogen atmosphere, acidified to a pH of 2 with distilled HNO3, and stored in acid-cleaned polypropylene bottles at 2°C. The pore-water sampling procedure was usually completed within less than 24 h of core recovery. Two cores from each latitude were processed in order to identify spatial variability. All the equipment used for sample processing was thoroughly pre-cleaned with 8 N HNO3, in order to reduce the blank.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pore fluid sampling methods: Paytan et al., 1996 (see related publications).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Barite and seawater sampling.&lt;/strong&gt; Dissolved seawater samples were collected on the ProteOMZ FK150116 expedition (Jan-Feb 2016) using a 12-bottle trace metal clean rosette equipped with 8 L X-Niskin bottles (Ocean Test Equipment), a titanium frame, and a Kevlar cable, as described in (Cutter and Bruland 2012). Seawater from the Go-Flo bottles was subsampled in a trace metal clean plastic &quot;bubble&quot; equipped with HEPA filters providing positive air pressure. Dissolved Ba subsamples were filtered using a 142 mm polycarbonate plastic sandwich filter (Geotech Environmental Equipment) equipped with a 0.2 um Supor membrane filter (Pall Corporation) and stored until analysis in the laboratory in a 60 mL HDPE bottle (Nalgene) that had been soaked for ~1 week in Citranox, an acidic detergent, rinsed with Milli-Q water (Millipore), soaked for ~2 weeks in 10% trace metal grade HCl (Optima), and rinsed with lightly acidic Milli-Q water (&amp;lt;0.1% HCl). Samples were stored at 4⁰C.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2023456 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2023456 onGoing Tristan J. Horner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 508-289-3825 266 Woods Hole Rd. Clark 448, MS# 25 Woods Hole MA 02543 United States Tristan.Horner@whoi.edu pointOfContact Mak A. Saito Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 508-289-2393 266 Woods Hole Rd. MS #51 Watson Lab Woods Hole MA 02543 USA msaito@whoi.edu pointOfContact Julien Middleton Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution jtmiddleton@ucsb.edu pointOfContact Adina Paytan University of California-Santa Cruz 831-459-1437 Earth & Marine Sciences C308 1156 High St Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA apaytan@ucsc.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown Cruise_id Sample_type Sample_id Lat Lon Depth_core Depth_water_m Ba_conc Ba_conc_err Ba138_iso Ba138_iso_err Trace metal clean rosette multi-corer ThermoFinnigan Neptune theme None, User defined Cruise identifier sample type core id latitude longitude depth below seafloor depth_w Barium featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters CTD - profiler Multi Corer Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments FK160115 TT013 service Deployment Activity Central Pacific U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific place Locations otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/885359 The Speed, Signature, and Significance of Barium Transformations in Seawater <p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br /> The biological cycling of carbon in the oceans entrains many other elements, some directly (like nutrients that are essential for life) and some indirectly, as they become chemically involved in the processes that are affecting carbon. One such element is barium (Ba). Particles of the mineral barite (barium sulfate) have been found to form in association with microbial consumption of organic material in the ocean’s “twilight zone.” These particles settle to the ocean floor, and their presence in sediments has been used to infer changes in the conditions in the ocean back in time. Both the amount of barite in sediments and the isotope composition of Ba in barite are potentially sensitive to processes occurring in the twilight zone. However, several long-standing questions remain about Ba cycling in the oceans, which complicates the interpretation of barium-based proxy records. Examples of remaining questions include how much barium enters the oceans at mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal sites, and what controls the precipitation and dissolution of barite in the water column. This project seeks to tackle these questions using new approaches, on three scheduled research expeditions in the Pacific and Southern Oceans. In doing so, this project will support the education, training, and career development of a graduate student, postdoctoral researcher, and junior investigator. Undergraduate students from underrepresented groups will be recruited to conduct complementary shore-based experiments.</p> <p>This proposal seeks to answer four questions central to the utility of barium-based proxies in oceanography: What are the major inputs of new Ba to the ocean? What are their isotopic compositions? What controls the amount of pelagic barite precipitated during the remineralization of organic matter? What influences its isotopic composition? These questions will be addressed using a field-centric approach combining: in situ and shipboard tracer-incubation experiments, AUV-led adaptive sampling of Ba cycling ‘hotpots’, and section-based surveying of the surrounding oceanographic features. This multi-pronged approach will be used to investigate: the flux and isotopic composition of Ba released from the largest hydrothermal fields in the ocean, the Southern East Pacific Rise, with a focus on low-temperature venting; rates and signatures of pelagic barite precipitation associated with different phytoplankton assemblages in the Southern Ocean; and, the importance of environmental conditions, such as low ambient oxygen concentrations, in setting the efficiency of barite precipitation in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The significance of each transformation will be assessed, which may lead to ruling out the importance of certain processes, or identifying new dependencies that could form the basis of new proxies.</p> <p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p> The Three S&#039;s largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans Central Pacific; U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific -140 -139.735 -4.9738 4.0413 1992-10-30 1996-02-11 Eastern Tropical Pacific, Subtropical South Pacific, Sub-Antarctic Pacific, and Southern Oceans 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Barium stable isotopes from seawater and sediment core samples collected during the R/V Falkor 160115 and R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT013 cruises in the Equatorial Pacific in 2016 and 1992 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005598.rdf Name: Cruise_id Units: unitless Description: <p>Cruise identifier</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005599.rdf Name: Sample_type Units: unitless Description: <p>Pore fluid, barite, bottom water or seawater</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005600.rdf Name: Sample_id Units: unitless Description: <p>Core ID number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005601.rdf Name: Lat Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Latitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005603.rdf Name: Lon Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Longitude</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005605.rdf Name: Depth_core Units: cm Description: <p>Depth below sediment water interface, where 0cm refers to measurements of the overlying bottom water</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005606.rdf Name: Depth_water_m Units: meters (m) Description: <p>Depth in water column</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005607.rdf Name: Ba_conc Units: nmol L-1 Description: <p>Barium concentration</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005608.rdf Name: Ba_conc_err Units: nmol L-1 Description: <p>2SE uncertainty of barium concentration</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005609.rdf Name: Ba138_iso Units: ‰ Description: <p>Barium stable isotope value</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1005610.rdf Name: Ba138_iso_err Units: ‰ Description: <p>2SE uncertainty of barium stable isotope value</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1005542/data/download download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pore-water sampling.&lt;/strong&gt; Pore-waters were extracted from the upper N 30 cm of sediments along an Equatorial Pacific transect at 14O”W, from 12% to 9”N, at a water depth of approximately 4300 m (JGOFS-EqPac, Leg TTO13, November 1993); sample locations and water depths are listed in Table 1. Sediments were collected using a multi-corer. All cores had a well-preserved sediment-water interface with an occasional fluff of phyto-detritus, overlain by clear bottom seawater. Thus, sediment disturbance seems to have been minimal during the coring and recovery operations. Sub-cores were transferred within minutes of arrival on board into a cold room of 2”C, where they were sectioned into 0.5, 1 and 2 cm intervals in a nitrogen atmosphere glove bag and centrifuged at 700010,000 rpm. The pore-waters obtained were passed through pre-washed Nucleopore 0.45 km filters in a nitrogen atmosphere, acidified to a pH of 2 with distilled HNO3, and stored in acid-cleaned polypropylene bottles at 2°C. The pore-water sampling procedure was usually completed within less than 24 h of core recovery. Two cores from each latitude were processed in order to identify spatial variability. All the equipment used for sample processing was thoroughly pre-cleaned with 8 N HNO3, in order to reduce the blank.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Pore fluid sampling methods: Paytan et al., 1996 (see related publications).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Barite and seawater sampling.&lt;/strong&gt; Dissolved seawater samples were collected on the ProteOMZ FK150116 expedition (Jan-Feb 2016) using a 12-bottle trace metal clean rosette equipped with 8 L X-Niskin bottles (Ocean Test Equipment), a titanium frame, and a Kevlar cable, as described in (Cutter and Bruland 2012). Seawater from the Go-Flo bottles was subsampled in a trace metal clean plastic &quot;bubble&quot; equipped with HEPA filters providing positive air pressure. Dissolved Ba subsamples were filtered using a 142 mm polycarbonate plastic sandwich filter (Geotech Environmental Equipment) equipped with a 0.2 um Supor membrane filter (Pall Corporation) and stored until analysis in the laboratory in a 60 mL HDPE bottle (Nalgene) that had been soaked for ~1 week in Citranox, an acidic detergent, rinsed with Milli-Q water (Millipore), soaked for ~2 weeks in 10% trace metal grade HCl (Optima), and rinsed with lightly acidic Milli-Q water (&amp;lt;0.1% HCl). Samples were stored at 4⁰C.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Barite processing.&lt;/strong&gt; Barite samples were dissolved through an alkaline dissolution in perfluoroalkane vials by addition of 1 M Na2CO3 solution to form (Ba,Ca)CO3 as in Breit et al. (1985). The Na2CO3 solution was added to achieve BaSO4:Na2CO3 of 1:10 by mass, then 18.2 M water was added such that there was 10 mg of BaSO4 per 2 mL of solution. Samples were then sonicated for 60 minutes at room temperature and then heated to 80◦C for ≥16 h. After cooling, the fluid was decanted and two further rounds of Na2CO3 addition, sonication, heating, and decantation were performed. Samples were rinsed with 18.2 M water and the remaining solid, BaCO3, dissolved with 2 M HCl. An aliquot of this solution was equilibrated with a 135Ba–136Ba double spike of known concentration to achieve a spike- to sample-derived [Ba] ratio of between 1–2 and reconstituted in 250 μL of 2 M HCl ready for ion-exchange chromatography.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Porewater and seawater processing.&lt;/strong&gt; Porewater and seawater samples were prepared for Ba isotope analysis following the procedure outlined in Bates et al. (2017).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Briefly, dissolved samples were equilibrated with the double spike and then co-precipitated into (Ba,Ca)CO3 by drop-wise addition of 1 M Na2CO3. The precipitate was then dissolved in 250 μL of 2 M HCl for chromatography. Barium was purified from matrix elements by passing all samples twice through 500 μL of AG 50W-X8 (200–400 mesh) cation-exchange resin (Bio-Rad), following the protocol described by Horner et al. (2015).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Isotope analysis.&lt;/strong&gt; Full barium isotope measurement methods can be found in: Middleton et al., 2023. (see related publications).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Purified Ba was analyzed for Ba isotopes using a ThermoFinnigan Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in the WHOI Plasma Facility. Isotope compositions were calculated using the three-dimensional geometric interpretation of the double-spike problem (Siebert et al., 2001) with additional processing for isobaric corrections (136Xe and 136Ce on 136Ba, 138Ce and 138La on 138Ba; Horner et al., 2015). Barium isotope compositions were calculated relative to NIST by standard-sample bracketing. Four procedural blanks were found to range from 305 to 489 pg, below the long-term average NIRVANA Labs procedural blank (692 pg). A further four analytical blanks were found to range from 14 to 301 pg. The contribution of the highest blank to the sample with the lowest [Ba] was &amp;lt; 3%. Given the low blank contribution and poor constraints on the true Ba isotope blank value, no blank correction was applied. Barium isotope compositions are reported as deviations in the 138Ba/134Ba ratio in a sample relative to the NIST SRM 3104a standard, hereafter ‘NIST’: δ138Ba( ) = [(138Ba/134Ba)sample/(138Ba/134Ba)NIST−1]×1000. Uncertainties are reported as either a long-term measurement of uncertainty (±2 SD about the mean; ± 0.03 , Horner et al., 2015) or pooled 2 SE from n sample analyses, whichever was greater. Accuracy of isotope measurements was monitored by processing two internal reference materials alongside samples: the Alfa Aesar BaSO4 powder and GEOTRACES SAFe D1 (northeast Pacific seawater; 1,000 m). The BaSO4 and SAFe D1 possessed δ138Ba = −0.02 ± 0.03 and +0.33 ± 0.04 , in agreement with previous measurements of −0.04 ± 0.07 (n = 7, ±2SE; T.J. Horner pers. comm.) and +0.31 ± 0.03 (Cao et al., 2020; Geyman et al., 2019; Hsieh and Henderson, 2017), respectively.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON DATA approved by submitter * Two Excel source files, 2022-11-17_JGOFS_manuscript_DataTables_BCODMO.xlsx and 2022-11-17_ProteOMZ_manuscript_DataTables_BCODMO.xlsx * blanks, nd, and NaN were set as missing-value markers * The two source tables were concatenated into a single table, following fields were merged: Core_id &amp; Stn_id, Ba_conc_err &amp; Ba_conc_2SE, 138Ba_iso_err &amp; 138Ba_iso_2SE, depth_water_m &amp; Depth_m * Sample_type was standardized so that records with Cruise_id = FK160115 were classified as Seawater; existing Sample_type values were retained for all other records. * fields were renamed: 138Ba_iso → Ba138_iso, 138Ba_iso_err → Ba138_iso_err, , Core_id (from Stn_id) → Sample_id,Long → Lon, depth_core → Depth_core, and depth_water_m → Depth_water_m. * The concatenated table was renamed 1005542_v1_bariumisotopes. CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON METADATA approved by submitter * Merged metadata entries from 2 submission * Added standardized instruments ISSUES POTENTIALLY IMPACTING REUSE * no measurement specific sampling date provided Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Trace metal clean rosette Trace metal clean rosette PI Supplied Instrument Name: Trace metal clean rosette PI Supplied Instrument Description:12-bottle trace metal clean rosette with 8 L X-Niskin bottles, a titanium frame, and a Kevlar cable Instrument Name: CTD - profiler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast. This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/ multi-corer multi-corer PI Supplied Instrument Name: multi-corer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Sediments were collected using a multi-corer. All cores had a well-preserved sediment-water interface with an occasional fluff of phyto-detritus, overlain by clear bottom seawater. Instrument Name: Multi Corer Instrument Short Name:Multi Corer Instrument Description: The Multi Corer is a benthic coring device used to collect multiple, simultaneous, undisturbed sediment/water samples from the seafloor. Multiple coring tubes with varying sampling capacity depending on tube dimensions are mounted in a frame designed to sample the deep ocean seafloor. For more information, see Barnett et al. (1984) in Oceanologica Acta, 7, pp. 399-408. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/51/ ThermoFinnigan Neptune ThermoFinnigan Neptune PI Supplied Instrument Name: ThermoFinnigan Neptune PI Supplied Instrument Description:Purified Ba was analyzed for Ba isotopes using a ThermoFinnigan Neptune multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in the WHOI Plasma Facility. Instrument Name: Thermo Finnigan Neptune inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Neptune ICP-MS Instrument Description: A laboratory high mass resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for elemental and isotopic analysis. The instrument is based on a multicollector platform, comprising eight moveable collector supports and one fixed center channel equipped with a Faraday cup and, optionally, an ion counter with or without a retardation lens. The Faraday cup is connected to a current amplifier, whose signal is digitized by a high linearity voltage to frequency converter. The instrument was originally manufactured by Thermo Finnigan, which has since been replaced by Thermo Scientific (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific). This model is no longer in production. Cruise: FK160115 FK160115 R/V Falkor Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Falkor vessel FK160115 Mak A. Saito Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution https://service.rvdata.us/data/cruise/FK160115/doc/FK160115_OfficialCruiseReport_Saito_v3.pdf Report describing FK160115 Cruise: TT013 TT013 R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel TT013 Margaret Leinen University of Rhode Island R/V Falkor Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Falkor vessel R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel