http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1007055
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-09-04
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Experimental Ocean Carbonate System Controls on Mytilus trossulus Shell Growth from 2023 to 2024
2026-09-04
publication
2026-09-04
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-09-04
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1007055
Brian Gaylord
University of California-Davis
principalInvestigator
Mazie A. Lewis
University of California-Davis
principalInvestigator
Aaron Takeo Ninokawa
University of California-Davis
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Gaylord, B., Lewis, M. A., Ninokawa, A. T. (2026) Experimental Ocean Carbonate System Controls on Mytilus trossulus Shell Growth from 2023 to 2024. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-09-04 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1007055 [access date]
Ocean Carbonate System Controls on Mytilus trossulus Shell Growth: Experimental Dataset Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Adult Mytilus trossulus (44–75 mm shell length) were collected in September 2023 (n = 131) and December 2023 (n = 73) from Penn Cove Shellfish Farm in Penn Cove, WA, USA. Once they arrived at UC Davis Bodega Marine Lab, they were acclimated for 10 days in flow-through seawater tanks maintained at approximately 13°C prior to experimentation. The following methods are based on and derived from the protocol described in Ninokawa et al. (2024) and Carlson et al. (2025). Experimental incubations were done in a temperature-controlled room at 13°C using airtight 1 L glass vessels containing approximately 0.86 kg seawater and either a live mussel, a de-fleshed and sterilized shell, or only seawater (blank controls to account for any background changes in seawater chemistry).&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The experiment consisted of three complementary carbonate chemistry manipulation approaches intended to separate the effects of pH, bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−]), calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω), and calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) on calcification and dissolution rates. To make each treatment, 20 L sumps of filtered seawater were first acidified with Hydrochloric acid (HCl), reducing total alkalinity and shifting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) equilibrium toward dissolved CO2. The seawater was then aerated for ~48hrs with Tetra Whisper AP300 Air Pumps to remove excess CO2 through off-gassing. Following aeration, a gradient-based treatment design targeted a continuum of carbonate chemistry conditions, achieved through varying additions of DIC stock solution, HCl, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium chloride (CaCl2), or Sodium chloride (NaCl). Carbonate chemistry targets were planned using the R package <em>seacarb</em>.</p>
<p>For the first trial, we assessed how pH and DIC influence calcification processes using a batch-treatment design of nine manipulated carbonate chemistry treatments spanning low-to-high pH (7.1–8.2) and [HCO3−] (878.5–4256.8 µmol/kg) conditions, along with one ambient seawater control treatment. For this portion of the experiment, each treatment consisted of a 20L seawater chemistry batch that was distributed among nine replicate live-mussel incubation vessels.&nbsp;</p>
<p>A second trial quantified abiotic shell dissolution across a broad calcium carbonate saturation state (aragonite) gradient (0.05–8.24) using de-fleshed mussel shells that had been sterilized by drying at 60°C for approximately 24 h prior to incubation. These shell-only incubations (n = 81) allowed the disaggregation of net calcification from dissolution in order to estimate gross calcification rates (gross calcification = net calcification + dissolution). In contrast to the live-mussel incubations, shell-only incubations isolated abiotic calcium carbonate dissolution from physiological processes such as respiration and ammonium excretion. To increase the magnitude of alkalinity changes associated with shell dissolution, dissolution incubations done in December 2023 and February 2024 were extended to 42–44 h, compared to the 2–4 incubations done in September 2023.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>In the third trial, we independently manipulated calcium concentration to decouple Ω from pH. This experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial design with two target pH conditions (approximately 7.8 and 8.1) and two calcium treatments: ambient Ω (“low Ca2+”, adjusted with NaCl) and elevated Ω (“high Ca2+”, adjusted with CaCl2). Addition of CaCl2 increased Ω without substantially altering pH to differentiate whether calcification responses were more strongly associated with Ω or pH under similar bicarbonate conditions. Each calcium treatment combination contained six replicate live-mussel incubation vessels.</p>
<p>For all experiments, seawater chemistry measurements were collected before and after incubations. Measurements included total alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and ammonia concentration; calcium concentration was additionally measured for calcium-manipulation treatments. Initial and final alkalinity were analyzed using a Metrohm robotitrator. A salicylate spectrophotometric assay measured ammonia concentration to correct alkalinity anomaly calculations for any alkalinity changes caused by ammonium production rather than calcification.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2129942 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2129942
onGoing
Brian Gaylord
University of California-Davis
707-875-1940
Bodega Marine Laboratory & Department of Evolution and Ecology 2099 Westshore Road, P.O. Box 247
Bodega Bay
CA
94923
USA
bpgaylord@ucdavis.edu
pointOfContact
Mazie A. Lewis
University of California-Davis
eallewis@ucdavis.edu
pointOfContact
Aaron Takeo Ninokawa
University of California-Davis
315-565-3076
217 Jahn Laboratory
Syracuse
NY
13210
USA
atninoka@esf.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
mussel_number
species
scientific_name
aphia_id
lsid
date_cat
sample_type
duration
sal
temp
gross_calc
abiotic_diss
tissue_mass
shell_mass
TA
pH_t
hco3
co3
OmegaAragonite
OmegaCalcite
pH_free
H_free
SIR
co2
pCO2
DIC
h2o_kg
del_ta
del_nh3
calc_diss
PreSens Microx 4 Micro-optode
Shimadzu Spectrophotometer
Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler
theme
None, User defined
individual
species scientific name (binomial)
taxon_code
date
sample type
duration
salinity
water temperature at measurement depth
calcification
No BCO-DMO term
mass
total alkalinity (TA)
pH
bicarbonate concentration [HCO3]-
Carbonate concentration [CO3]2-
Ar
hydrogen
total Carbon Dioxide in seawater-manometric
Partial pressure of CO2
dissolved inorganic Carbon
Hydrogen Peroxide
Ammonia
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Optode
Spectrometer
Titrator
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Invertebrate calcification and behavior in seawater of decoupled carbonate chemistry
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/886711
Invertebrate calcification and behavior in seawater of decoupled carbonate chemistry
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
This research is exploring the capacity of coastal organisms to cope with alterations in seawater chemistry driven by both freshwater inputs and absorption of carbon dioxide into the world's oceans (ocean acidification). The project focuses on calcification responses and behavioral impairments of shoreline animals under altered seawater chemistry, and forefronts a common mussel species (the California mussel), and a common snail (the black turban snail), each abundant on rocky shores along the west coast of North America. The target species operate as exemplar organisms for characterizing the responses of marine invertebrates more generally. Methods involve experimental decoupling of multiple components of the carbonate system of seawater to isolate drivers that are difficult to separate otherwise. Broader impacts include transfer of scientific information to policy-makers, including legislators, as well as training and skill-set development of future generations of scientists and citizens. One Ph.D. student is supported, as are UC Davis undergraduates conducting mentored research. The project also provides research internships for undergraduates from a local community college (Santa Rosa Junior College), many of whom are from underrepresented groups. The latter project component substantially bolsters an ongoing program at Bodega Marine Laboratory that includes efforts in diversity, equity, and inclusion. Data and interpretations from the project are feeding into an existing educational program that links to local K-12 schools and reaches ~10,000 members of the public each year.</p>
<p>Overall, the research of the project is dissecting drivers of calcification and behavioral disruption in key shoreline invertebrates, across present-day and future carbonate system conditions appropriate to coastal marine environments. Efforts are exploring the extent to which calcification depends on one versus multiple parameters of the seawater carbonate system. In particular, existing conceptual models emphasize the importance of calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) and/or the ratio of bicarbonate to hydrogen ion concentrations ([HCO3-]/[H+]), and the project is examining these mechanisms as well as the possibility that more than one driver acts simultaneously. It is doing so both in bivalves and in gastropods to test for generality across mollusks. The project is additionally examining whether pH is the only carbonate system factor contributing to known patterns of behavioral impairment in marine invertebrates. Leading explanations for debilitating behaviors induced by ocean acidification involve altered ion channel function, but discussion in the literature continues, and studies that explicitly decouple the carbonate system are necessary.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
OA decoupling
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
2023-09-01
2024-02-29
California coast, USA
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Experimental Ocean Carbonate System Controls on Mytilus trossulus Shell Growth from 2023 to 2024
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007158.rdf
Name: mussel_number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique ID assigned to each mussel or shell.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007159.rdf
Name: species
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Mussel species used in experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007160.rdf
Name: scientific_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Mussel species used in experiment in scientific name format validated by the WORMS database.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007161.rdf
Name: aphia_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Aphia ID for the Mussel species used in the experiment, matched from the WORMS database.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007162.rdf
Name: lsid
Units: unitless
Description: <p>LSID for the Mussel species used in the experiment, matched from the WORMS database.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007163.rdf
Name: date_cat
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Month and year at which experiment was conducted.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007164.rdf
Name: sample_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Treatments were done on either live" mussels or dissected "shells". "</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007165.rdf
Name: duration
Units: hours
Description: <p>Incubation period.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007166.rdf
Name: sal
Units: PSU
Description: <p>Treatment water salinity.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007167.rdf
Name: temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Treatment water temperature (measured by Horiba Laqua PC1100).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007168.rdf
Name: gross_calc
Units: umol/kg/hr
Description: <p>Gross calcification rate calculated for live" mussels as: ( (-0.5 * (del_ta - del_nh3) * h2o.kg) - calc_diss) /duration/ tissue_mass."</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007169.rdf
Name: abiotic_diss
Units: umol/kg/hr
Description: <p>Abiotic dissolution rate for shells" calculated as (del_ta*(h20.kg)/2/duration/shell_mass)."</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007170.rdf
Name: tissue_mass
Units: g
Description: <p>Mass of dried shell tissue.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007171.rdf
Name: shell_mass
Units: g
Description: <p>Mass of dried shell.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007172.rdf
Name: TA
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Average total alkalinity during incubation (measured by Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007173.rdf
Name: pH_t
Units: unitless
Description: <p>pH on total scale during incubation (measured by Horiba Laqua PC1100).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007174.rdf
Name: hco3
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Bicarbonate concentration during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007175.rdf
Name: co3
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Carbonate concentration during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007176.rdf
Name: OmegaAragonite
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Aragonite saturation state during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007177.rdf
Name: OmegaCalcite
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calcite saturation state during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007178.rdf
Name: pH_free
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Free scale pH during incubation (derived from TA and pH using the seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007179.rdf
Name: H_free
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Hydrogen ion concentration (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007180.rdf
Name: SIR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Substrate Inhibitor Ratio during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007181.rdf
Name: co2
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Carbon dioxide concentration during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007182.rdf
Name: pCO2
Units: uatm
Description: <p>Partial pressure of carbon dioxide during incubation (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007183.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbons during incubation ([CO2] + [HCO3-] + [CO32-]), (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007184.rdf
Name: h2o_kg
Units: kg
Description: <p>Mass of seawater in individual incubation vessel (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007185.rdf
Name: del_ta
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Change in total alkalinity before and after treatment (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007186.rdf
Name: del_nh3
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Change in NH3 concentration before and after treatment (derived from TA and pH using seacarb: Seawater Carbonate Chemistry R package).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1007187.rdf
Name: calc_diss
Units: umol/kg
Description: <p>Correction for alkalinity change due to abiotic dissolution, calculated by dividing CaCO3 dissolution by incubation time and dry shell mass. Only applies to live" mussels. "</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1007055/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Adult Mytilus trossulus (44–75 mm shell length) were collected in September 2023 (n = 131) and December 2023 (n = 73) from Penn Cove Shellfish Farm in Penn Cove, WA, USA. Once they arrived at UC Davis Bodega Marine Lab, they were acclimated for 10 days in flow-through seawater tanks maintained at approximately 13°C prior to experimentation. The following methods are based on and derived from the protocol described in Ninokawa et al. (2024) and Carlson et al. (2025). Experimental incubations were done in a temperature-controlled room at 13°C using airtight 1 L glass vessels containing approximately 0.86 kg seawater and either a live mussel, a de-fleshed and sterilized shell, or only seawater (blank controls to account for any background changes in seawater chemistry).&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>The experiment consisted of three complementary carbonate chemistry manipulation approaches intended to separate the effects of pH, bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−]), calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω), and calcium concentration ([Ca2+]) on calcification and dissolution rates. To make each treatment, 20 L sumps of filtered seawater were first acidified with Hydrochloric acid (HCl), reducing total alkalinity and shifting dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) equilibrium toward dissolved CO2. The seawater was then aerated for ~48hrs with Tetra Whisper AP300 Air Pumps to remove excess CO2 through off-gassing. Following aeration, a gradient-based treatment design targeted a continuum of carbonate chemistry conditions, achieved through varying additions of DIC stock solution, HCl, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium chloride (CaCl2), or Sodium chloride (NaCl). Carbonate chemistry targets were planned using the R package <em>seacarb</em>.</p>
<p>For the first trial, we assessed how pH and DIC influence calcification processes using a batch-treatment design of nine manipulated carbonate chemistry treatments spanning low-to-high pH (7.1–8.2) and [HCO3−] (878.5–4256.8 µmol/kg) conditions, along with one ambient seawater control treatment. For this portion of the experiment, each treatment consisted of a 20L seawater chemistry batch that was distributed among nine replicate live-mussel incubation vessels.&nbsp;</p>
<p>A second trial quantified abiotic shell dissolution across a broad calcium carbonate saturation state (aragonite) gradient (0.05–8.24) using de-fleshed mussel shells that had been sterilized by drying at 60°C for approximately 24 h prior to incubation. These shell-only incubations (n = 81) allowed the disaggregation of net calcification from dissolution in order to estimate gross calcification rates (gross calcification = net calcification + dissolution). In contrast to the live-mussel incubations, shell-only incubations isolated abiotic calcium carbonate dissolution from physiological processes such as respiration and ammonium excretion. To increase the magnitude of alkalinity changes associated with shell dissolution, dissolution incubations done in December 2023 and February 2024 were extended to 42–44 h, compared to the 2–4 incubations done in September 2023.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>In the third trial, we independently manipulated calcium concentration to decouple Ω from pH. This experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial design with two target pH conditions (approximately 7.8 and 8.1) and two calcium treatments: ambient Ω (“low Ca2+”, adjusted with NaCl) and elevated Ω (“high Ca2+”, adjusted with CaCl2). Addition of CaCl2 increased Ω without substantially altering pH to differentiate whether calcification responses were more strongly associated with Ω or pH under similar bicarbonate conditions. Each calcium treatment combination contained six replicate live-mussel incubation vessels.</p>
<p>For all experiments, seawater chemistry measurements were collected before and after incubations. Measurements included total alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, and ammonia concentration; calcium concentration was additionally measured for calcium-manipulation treatments. Initial and final alkalinity were analyzed using a Metrohm robotitrator. A salicylate spectrophotometric assay measured ammonia concentration to correct alkalinity anomaly calculations for any alkalinity changes caused by ammonium production rather than calcification.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Net calcification rates were determined using the ammonia-corrected alkalinity anomaly technique and normalized to incubation duration, seawater mass (kg), and tissue dry mass (Gazeau et al 2015). Abiotic shell dissolution was quantified from parallel incubations of cleaned, sterilized shells and added to net calcification rates to determine rate of gross calcification. Data processing was done with R statistical software, version 4.3.3. Carbonate system parameters were calculated using the package <em>seacarb </em>and equilibrium constants from Lueker et al 2000.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
* Loaded Mytilus_trossulus_carbonate_decoupling_incubation_data.csv as table res1, using "", "NA", and "nd" as missing values.
* Removed a blank-named column.
* Renamed columns for consistency, including mussel.number to mussel_number, h2o.kg to h2o_kg, date.cat to date_cat, and treatment to sample_type.
* Added scientific_name, assigning Mytilus trossulus where applicable.
* Added the WoRMS identifiers for Mytilus trossulus: AphiaID 140482 and LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140482. These values were hard-coded because live API lookups were unavailable.
* Reordered the columns into the final specified order.
* Set column data types, including integers for mussel_number and aphia_id, numbers for measurement fields, and strings for descriptive and categorical fields.
* Added metadata—including descriptions, standard names, and units—for all columns. Units included µmol/kg, unitless, degrees C, hours, and g, as applicable.
* Saved the final data file as 1007055_1_data.csv.
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
PreSens Microx 4 Micro-optode
PreSens Microx 4 Micro-optode
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PreSens Microx 4 Micro-optode PI Supplied Instrument Description:Oxygen and temperature were measured using a PreSens Microx 4 micro-optode; salinity with a Horiba Laqua PC 1100 conductivity probe; and pH with a Horiba Laqua PC 1100 instrument. Instrument Name: Optode Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An optode or optrode is an optical sensor device that optically measures a specific substance usually with the aid of a chemical transducer.
Shimadzu Spectrophotometer
Shimadzu Spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu Spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:To conduct ammonia and pH analysis were done with a Shimadzu Spectrophotometer. Instrument Name: Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrometer Instrument Description: A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0460/
Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler
Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler, an 800 Dosino, and an 856 Conductivity Module were used in tandem to measure Total Alkalinity before and after treatment. Instrument Name: Titrator Instrument Short Name:Titrator Instrument Description: Titrators are instruments that incrementally add quantified aliquots of a reagent to a sample until the end-point of a chemical reaction is reached. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/