http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1008814
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-10-01
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Broad Scale Substrate Characteristics of the Pacific Coast from June of 2022 to July of 2023
2026-10-01
publication
2026-10-01
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2026-10-01
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1008814
Allison N Cramer
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Emily Carrington
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Corey Garza
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Curt Storlazzi
United States Geological Survey
principalInvestigator
Olivia Bible
California State University Monterey Bay
principalInvestigator
Cannon Cline
Cornell University
principalInvestigator
Sara Grace Leuchtenberger
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Hopps, E., Cramer, A. N., Carrington, E., Garza, C., Storlazzi, C., Leuchtenberger, S. G., Bible, O., Cline, C., Smith, C. (2026) Broad Scale Substrate Characteristics of the Pacific Coast from June of 2022 to July of 2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-10-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1008814 [access date]
Pacific Substrate Strength on a Broad Scale Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Rock Strength&nbsp;</strong><br />
We quantified the strength (friability) of intertidal rock substrates using a mechanical sclerometer configured as a scratch tester. This approach resembles Mohs hardness testing, however instead of switching between materials of varying hardness, we used a constant scratching tool—a 1 mm diameter tungsten carbide tip—and increased the applied force until the tip produced a visible scratch. For each trial, we aimed to create a scratch approximately 2 cm in length, although surface conditions sometimes required shorter passes. We repeated each test at progressively higher forces to identify the minimum force necessary to initiate a scratch.</p>
<p>We measured friability <u>at 38 sites</u> along the Pacific coastline of California and Washington (see map). Sites were selected based on three criteria: accessibility, presence on geologic maps, and prior sampling of marine community composition, which allowed us to link our measurements with regional monitoring programs (aka MARINe). At each site, we targeted mid-intertidal bench habitats with low to moderate slopes and sampled during low tide to maximize surface dryness. For general surveys, we performed at least three scratch tests per rock type. For more detailed surveys, we increased sampling effort to a minimum of twelve measurements per rock type.</p>
<p>In the field, we assigned each surface to a broad rock categories. Although we consulted geologic maps when available, these maps typically describe formations above the high-tide line and often fail to resolve intertidal substrates, which can differ substantially and are frequently labeled as undifferentiated “bedrock.” To maintain consistency, we classified rocks into the following categories:<strong> black, striated black, grey, green, striated green, conglomerate, metamorphic, sandstone, granodiorite, mudstone, siltstone, embedded cobblestone, and rounded cobble. </strong>Rocks were then described in more detail in the notes.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2126729 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=2126729
onGoing
Allison N Cramer
University of Washington
Friday Harbor
WA
982509299
US
ancramer@asu.edu
pointOfContact
Emily Carrington
University of Washington
206-221-4676
UW Friday Harbor Laboratories 620 University Road
Friday Harbor
WA
98250
USA
ecarring@uw.edu
pointOfContact
Corey Garza
University of Washington
USA
cgarza2@uw.edu
pointOfContact
Curt Storlazzi
United States Geological Survey
cstorlazzi@usgs.gov
pointOfContact
Olivia Bible
California State University Monterey Bay
obible@uw.edu
pointOfContact
Cannon Cline
Cornell University
cannoncline473@gmail.com
pointOfContact
Sara Grace Leuchtenberger
University of Washington
620 University Road
Friday Harbor
WA
98250
USA
sgleuch@uw.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
id
site
sampling_date
data_entry_date
lat
lon
scratch_number
substrate_name
substrate_description
force_n
wet
site_description
Elcometer 3092 analog Sclerometer Hardness Tester
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
site
date
latitude
longitude
sampling_sequence
sample description
site description
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Sclerometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
OCE-PRF: Understanding substrate mobility as a disturbance in hard rock marine communities
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/998882
OCE-PRF: Understanding substrate mobility as a disturbance in hard rock marine communities
<p><em><strong>NSF Award Abstract</strong></em></p>
<p>This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).</p>
<p>Human actions impact marine ecosystems in a variety of ways, including shifting wave and current dynamics through global warming and altering the composition of the ocean floor. These changes, in turn, affect the location and distribution of marine communities. For soft-sediment communities, such as sandy beaches, the interaction between fluid forces and sediment disturbance is well understood. This allows scientists to measure sediment mobility and to create detailed predictions of the impact of human activities on these ecosystems. To date there are no measurements analogous to sediment mobility available for marine hard rock ecosystems. This research will investigate a potential measurement system which connects the forces of waves and currents to the resulting erosion of hard rock substrates and will test and evaluate how these disturbance patterns govern the distribution of communities themselves. By developing and testing this substrate mobility metric, this research will open new avenues of investigation for core ecological hypotheses. In addition, this work will allow managers, conservationists, and engineers to better predict the impact of human-generated change on hard rock marine communities. This project will also support the training and education of groups underrepresented in the geosciences through (1) field and data analysis experience via Research Experiences for Undergraduates summer programs, (2) professional development via mentoring relationships between the fellow and undergraduate trainees, and (3) the expansion of their professional network via cross-institutional coordination.</p>
<p>Disturbance, including fluid forces via waves on rocky shores, is well understood as a community organizing and structuring force. Foundational concepts within ecology, such as Connell’s Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis and Menge and Sutherland’s Competition/Predation/Disturbance model, recognize that communities exist within a complex mosaic of physical and biological disturbance. This mosaic presents challenges when measuring disturbance regimes since the scales, causes, and consequences of disturbance vary between systems. However, in the marine environment, substrate mobility represents an explicit measure of disturbance impact present across marine ecosystems. This project will determine how to measure substrate mobility on hard substrates through collaboration with USGS geologists. In addition, this research will investigate a mechanism for disturbance via substrate mobility on benthic organisms through lab experiments and use field surveys to compare patterns of substrate mobility with the distribution of benthic communities and species functional groups. Explicitly quantifying the realized movement of hard substrate in response to fluid forcing integrates hard substrates into the already well understood sediment disturbance paradigm. This results in a universal framework of marine disturbance that is potentially revolutionary as it allows for comparative questions spanning a huge diversity of marine ecosystems, from coral reefs to the abyssal plain. This mechanistic framework provides a new connection between the disciplines of geomorphology and marine ecology.</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
PRF substrate mobility
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-123.1503
-117.2532
32.8078
48.585
2022-06-16
2023-07-18
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Broad Scale Substrate Characteristics of the Pacific Coast from June of 2022 to July of 2023
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008920.rdf
Name: id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The unique object ID of every observation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008921.rdf
Name: site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The name of the site where data were collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008922.rdf
Name: sampling_date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The date that an observation was made on. ISO format: yyyy-mm-dd</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008923.rdf
Name: data_entry_date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The date that an observation was formally recorded. This was typically on the same day as the sampling. ISO format yyyy-mm-dd</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008924.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>The latitude of the center of the sampling site</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008926.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>The longitude of the center of the sampling site</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008928.rdf
Name: scratch_number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The chronological order in which rocks were scratched within a given quadrat. Some quadrats were scratched dozens of times, and some were only scratched a few times.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008929.rdf
Name: substrate_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The broad rock family to which substrates belong.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008930.rdf
Name: substrate_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Additional characteristics of the substrate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008931.rdf
Name: force_n
Units: newtons
Description: <p>The amount of force in Newtons it takes to scratch the substrate.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008932.rdf
Name: wet
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Whether the substrate was moist or not (Y/N)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008933.rdf
Name: site_description
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Additional information on the characteristics of a sampling site</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/1008814/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Rock Strength&nbsp;</strong><br />
We quantified the strength (friability) of intertidal rock substrates using a mechanical sclerometer configured as a scratch tester. This approach resembles Mohs hardness testing, however instead of switching between materials of varying hardness, we used a constant scratching tool—a 1 mm diameter tungsten carbide tip—and increased the applied force until the tip produced a visible scratch. For each trial, we aimed to create a scratch approximately 2 cm in length, although surface conditions sometimes required shorter passes. We repeated each test at progressively higher forces to identify the minimum force necessary to initiate a scratch.</p>
<p>We measured friability <u>at 38 sites</u> along the Pacific coastline of California and Washington (see map). Sites were selected based on three criteria: accessibility, presence on geologic maps, and prior sampling of marine community composition, which allowed us to link our measurements with regional monitoring programs (aka MARINe). At each site, we targeted mid-intertidal bench habitats with low to moderate slopes and sampled during low tide to maximize surface dryness. For general surveys, we performed at least three scratch tests per rock type. For more detailed surveys, we increased sampling effort to a minimum of twelve measurements per rock type.</p>
<p>In the field, we assigned each surface to a broad rock categories. Although we consulted geologic maps when available, these maps typically describe formations above the high-tide line and often fail to resolve intertidal substrates, which can differ substantially and are frequently labeled as undifferentiated “bedrock.” To maintain consistency, we classified rocks into the following categories:<strong> black, striated black, grey, green, striated green, conglomerate, metamorphic, sandstone, granodiorite, mudstone, siltstone, embedded cobblestone, and rounded cobble. </strong>Rocks were then described in more detail in the notes.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>No pre-processing beyond data cleaning was performed on these data.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
This section documents curation actions performed prior to publication review with the submitter, and additional information relevant to understanding and reusing this dataset. It distinguishes changes made to the submitted (meta)data from unresolved issues and/or enhancements that improve future reuse and interoperability.
CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON DATA
- Loaded BroadScale_SubstrateData.csv, setting empty string and "nd" as missing values
- Converted sampling_date column from M/D/YYYY string format to ISO 8601 date format (YYYY-MM-DD)
- Converted data_entry_date column from M/D/YYYY string format to ISO 8601 date format (YYYY-MM-DD)
- Renamed resource broadscale_substratedata to 1008814_v1_broadscale
CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON METADATA
- BCO-DMO's standard metadata entry and text formatting steps were performed. See: https://www.bco-dmo.org/how-to/standard-curation-edits
ISSUES POTENTIALLY IMPACTING REUSE
NA
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Elcometer 3092 analog Sclerometer Hardness Tester
Elcometer 3092 analog Sclerometer Hardness Tester
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Elcometer 3092 analog Sclerometer Hardness Tester PI Supplied Instrument Description:Analog Sclerometer
We used the Elcometer 3092 analog Sclerometer Hardness Tester in this study. This instrument is designed to evaluate the hardness of manufactured coatings and surfaces, such as those applied to automobile bodies for protection. As an inspection device, the sclerometer specifically measures the force required to scratch or abrade a surface. The instrument resembles a large pen and determines coating hardness by drawing a tungsten carbide tip across the surface under a controlled, pre-set load.
To operate the sclerometer, we first set a target force by compressing an internal spring to a predetermined length. As we increased compression, the applied force increased accordingly (F_spring = k_stiffness × x_compression). A tightening screw attached to the collar held the spring in place. We then tested the selected force by pressing the tip against a surface and moving it in a short, straight pass (~2 cm over 1 s), simulating a scratch. We followed an iterative procedure, adjusting the applied force and repeating passes until we identified the minimum force (N) required to produce visible abrasion.
In addition to the pen-like sclerometer body, the instrument includes a case, a 0.75-mm diameter tungsten carbide tip, and three interchangeable springs—grey, red, and blue—with stiffness values corresponding to force ranges of 0 to 3 N, 10 N, and 20 N, respectively. For harder materials, the system also offers an optional green spring rated from 0 to 30 N. The instrument supports additional tips, including 0.5- and 1.0-mm diameter tungsten carbide tips and a diamond-capped tip. Larger diameter tips apply lower pressure, while the diamond-capped tip enables testing of extremely hard surfaces, such as crystalline materials. Instrument Name: Sclerometer Instrument Short Name:Hardness tester Instrument Description: A scientific instrument used to measure the hardness or structural strength of various materials