http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/1008819
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2026-10-02
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Alkenones and nutrients from water column samples collected at the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, on R/V Tangaroa cruises TAN0804, TAN0902, and TAN0909 from 2008-2009
2026-10-02
publication
2026-10-02
revision
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)
2026-10-09
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1008819.1
Elisabeth Sikes
Rutgers University
principalInvestigator
Brian N. Popp
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Michelle Hardee
Rutgers University
principalInvestigator
Scott Nodder
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Sikes, E., Popp, B. N., Hardee, M., Oswald, L., Nodder, S. (2026) Alkenones and nutrients from water column samples collected at the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, on R/V Tangaroa cruises TAN0804, TAN0902, and TAN0909 from 2008-2009. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2026-10-02 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1008819.1 [access date]
NZ alkenones Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Cruises and sample Collection:</strong><br />
Study locations were selected based on the positions of New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) long‑term biophysical moorings, deployed along 178°30'E in two major surface‑water masses. The Subtropical Mooring (STM) was situated in subtropical waters at 41°47'S with an annual SST range of 14 to 18 degrees Celsius (°C), whereas the Subantarctic Mooring (SAM), located at 46°40'S, lay within subantarctic waters where annual SSTs range from 10 to 14 °C. A third site was located on the crest of the Chatham Rise (CR), positioned just north of the Subtropical Front (STF).</p>
<p>Water‑column particle samples for this study were collected aboard the NIWA vessel <em>Tangaroa</em> during three cruises: TAN0804 in April 2008 (autumn), TAN0902 in February 2009 (summer), and TAN0909 in October 2009 (spring). Additional casts were conducted on the crest of the Chatham Rise during the autumn (43.43°S, 178.5°E) and spring (43.40°S, 178.5°E).</p>
<p><strong>Methods &amp; Sampling:</strong><br />
A Seabird 911plus CTD rosette was used to collect 60 to 100 liters (L) of seawater throughout the surface mixed layer and thermocline by closing multiple Niskin bottles at targeted depths. Water samples for alkenone analysis were filtered onto 142-millimeter (mm) GF/F filters and stored frozen until processing.</p>
<p>Frozen, filtered samples were extracted using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (Dionex ASE 200) with a 4:1 dichloromethane:methanol solvent mixture, following procedures modified from Sikes et al. (1997) and (Sikes et al., 2009). Alkenone recovery using this approach is estimated at ~95% (Shin et al., 2002).</p>
<p>Extracts were saponified in 5% KOH in methanol, and the neutral fraction containing the alkenones was isolated by partitioning into a hexane-chloroform mixture. Saponification removes fatty acids that elute in the sterol region, which simplifies compound identification and eliminates the co‑elution of the C37 tri‑unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester, thereby improving quantification (Sikes and Volkman, 1993; Sikes et al., 1997). The purified neutral fraction was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) on a Shimadzu GC‑17 equipped with an autosampler, cooled on‑column injector, and flame‑ionization detector.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0726048 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award/?AWD_ID=0726048
completed
Elisabeth Sikes
Rutgers University
sikes@marine.rutgers.edu
pointOfContact
Brian N. Popp
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956-6206
Department of Earth Sciences 1680 East-West Road
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
popp@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
Michelle Hardee
Rutgers University
hardeem@mailbox.sc.edu
pointOfContact
Scott Nodder
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
64-4-386-0357
301 Evans Bay Parade Hataitai
Wellington
6021
New Zealand
Scott.Nodder@niwa.co.nz
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Site
latitude
longitude
depth
Cruise
Date
measured_T
UK37
Diff_UK37T
Prod
Error_Prod
K37_2_3
Avg_PARz
Redfield_Ratio
NO3_avg
PO4_Avg
Dionex ASE 200
Shimadzu GC‑17
Niskin bottles
Seabird 911plus
theme
None, User defined
site
latitude
longitude
depth
Cruise identifier
date
water temperature at measurement depth
No BCO-DMO term
production
PAR
Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P)
Nitrate
reactive phosphorus (PO4)
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Accelerated Solvent Extractor
Gas Chromatograph
Niskin bottle
Sea-Bird SBE 911plus CTD
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TAN0909
TAN0902
TAN0804
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Controls on Alkenone Temperature Estimates in Subtropical and Subpolar Waters
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/1001303
Collaborative Research: Controls on Alkenone Temperature Estimates in Subtropical and Subpolar Waters
<p>NSF Award Abstract:</p>
<p>The subtropical front (STF) is the northern boundary of the Southern Ocean, separating oligotrophic, warm subtropical surface waters north of the STF from cooler, nutrient-rich, subpolar waters to the south. East of New Zealand, the STF is bathymetrically anchored to the Chatham Rise, a 1000 km long submerged continental plateau. The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand, maintains two sediment trap arrays only 200 km apart on the Chatham Rise. The traps, although closely spaced, sit just out of the axis of the STF and thus allow comparison of subtropical and subpolar waters under similar environmental conditions such as weather and light levels over the annual cycle without the complication of frontal migrations.</p>
<p>In this project, researchers at Rutgers University and the University of Hawaii will examine at these sites the processes involved in the formation of the proxies on which paleo-sea surface temperatures (SST) records are based and resolve the issue of differential seasonality between the organisms which are arguably two of the most important paleotemperature estimators now in use (e.g. U37 K ' accuracy, foraminiferal ä18O values). The principle hypotheses to be tested are:</p>
<p>1. Episodic delivery of alkenones and foraminifera exported from the surface mixed layer are the underlying cause of differences between alkenone and foraminiferal temperature reconstructions.</p>
<p>2. Nutrient depletion in subtropical waters during summer months and subsurface production during prolonged winter darkness in subpolar waters are important environmental influences controlling the accuracy of U 37 K ' SST reconstructions.</p>
<p>Efforts in this work primarily and actively address the broader impact criteria of enhancing infrastructure for research. Collaborations among United States, New Zealand, and European scientists represent a significant investment in outreach with international colleagues by the US PI?s. The combined results will enhance the research of all members by disseminating shared data widely and serve to stimulate future partnerships. Additionally, training of students who will take central roles in this research addresses advancing training and learning. Better quantification of SST records will benefit paleoclimatic reconstructions and thus have societal benefits.</p>
NZ alkenones
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
178.5
178.5
-46.67
-41.78
2008-04-29
2009-10-30
Southwest Pacific Subtropical and Sub-Antarctic waters
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Alkenones and nutrients from water column samples collected at the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, on R/V Tangaroa cruises TAN0804, TAN0902, and TAN0909 from 2008-2009
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008871.rdf
Name: Site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Site. STM = Subtropical Mooring and SAM = Subantarctic Mooring.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008872.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>site latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008874.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>site longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008876.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008878.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: unitless
Description: <p>voyage/cruise ID number on R/V Tangaroa during: TAN0804, TAN0902, or TAN0909.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008879.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>sample collection date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008880.rdf
Name: measured_T
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008881.rdf
Name: UK37
Units: unitless
Description: <p>alkenone unsaturation index</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008882.rdf
Name: Diff_UK37T
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>The difference between measured T and reconstructed T in degrees C</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008883.rdf
Name: Prod
Units: nanogram per liter per day (ng-L/day)
Description: <p>how fast are they growing</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008884.rdf
Name: Error_Prod
Units: nanogram per liter per day (ng-L/day)
Description: <p>This is a propagation of error calculation. See Popp et al 2006 (below) for detailed methods. The equation is detailed there.</p>
<p>Popp, B. N., F. G. Prahl, R. J. Wallsgrove, and J. Tanimoto (2006), Seasonal patterns of alkenone production in the subtropical oligotrophic North Pacific, Paleoceanography, 21, doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1029/2005PA001165" target="_blank">10.1029/2005PA001165</a>. </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008885.rdf
Name: K37_2_3
Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L)
Description: <p>(SUM) K37:2+K37:3 (sum of the two compounds, K37:2 and K37:3)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008886.rdf
Name: Avg_PARz
Units: micromoles per square meter per second (umol.m-2.s-1)
Description: <p>light level</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008887.rdf
Name: Redfield_Ratio
Units: unitless
Description: <p>ratio of N to P</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008888.rdf
Name: NO3_avg
Units: micromoles per liter (umol/L)
Description: <p>average concentration of NO3 from multiple sample replicates; the number of replicates varies and was not recorded.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/1008889.rdf
Name: PO4_Avg
Units: micromoles per liter (umol/L)
Description: <p>average concentration of PO4 from multiple sample replicates; the number of replicates varies and was not recorded.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.1008819.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Cruises and sample Collection:</strong><br />
Study locations were selected based on the positions of New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) long‑term biophysical moorings, deployed along 178°30'E in two major surface‑water masses. The Subtropical Mooring (STM) was situated in subtropical waters at 41°47'S with an annual SST range of 14 to 18 degrees Celsius (°C), whereas the Subantarctic Mooring (SAM), located at 46°40'S, lay within subantarctic waters where annual SSTs range from 10 to 14 °C. A third site was located on the crest of the Chatham Rise (CR), positioned just north of the Subtropical Front (STF).</p>
<p>Water‑column particle samples for this study were collected aboard the NIWA vessel <em>Tangaroa</em> during three cruises: TAN0804 in April 2008 (autumn), TAN0902 in February 2009 (summer), and TAN0909 in October 2009 (spring). Additional casts were conducted on the crest of the Chatham Rise during the autumn (43.43°S, 178.5°E) and spring (43.40°S, 178.5°E).</p>
<p><strong>Methods &amp; Sampling:</strong><br />
A Seabird 911plus CTD rosette was used to collect 60 to 100 liters (L) of seawater throughout the surface mixed layer and thermocline by closing multiple Niskin bottles at targeted depths. Water samples for alkenone analysis were filtered onto 142-millimeter (mm) GF/F filters and stored frozen until processing.</p>
<p>Frozen, filtered samples were extracted using an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (Dionex ASE 200) with a 4:1 dichloromethane:methanol solvent mixture, following procedures modified from Sikes et al. (1997) and (Sikes et al., 2009). Alkenone recovery using this approach is estimated at ~95% (Shin et al., 2002).</p>
<p>Extracts were saponified in 5% KOH in methanol, and the neutral fraction containing the alkenones was isolated by partitioning into a hexane-chloroform mixture. Saponification removes fatty acids that elute in the sterol region, which simplifies compound identification and eliminates the co‑elution of the C37 tri‑unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester, thereby improving quantification (Sikes and Volkman, 1993; Sikes et al., 1997). The purified neutral fraction was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) on a Shimadzu GC‑17 equipped with an autosampler, cooled on‑column injector, and flame‑ionization detector.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
This section documents curation actions performed prior to publication review with the submitter, and additional information relevant to understanding and reusing this dataset. It distinguishes changes made to the submitted (meta)data from unresolved issues and/or enhancements that improve future reuse and interoperability.
CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON DATA
- Imported original file "NZ alkenone data 2026 4BCO-DMO.xlsx" (sheet 1) into the BCO-DMO data processing system.
- Treated "NaN" and "NaNN" as missing data values (missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file).
- Renamed columns to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Added column "longitude", setting value "178°30'E" for all rows.
- Converted latitude from degrees-decimal_minutes format to decimal degrees South.
- Converted longitude from degrees-decimal_minutes format to decimal degrees East.
- Rounded latitude and longitude to 2 decimal digits (maximum precision).
- Converted Date column to format %Y-%m-%d.
- Saved the final file as "1008819_v1_nz_alkenones.csv".
CURATION ACTIONS PERFORMED ON METADATA
- BCO-DMO's standard metadata entry and text formatting steps were performed. See: https://www.bco-dmo.org/how-to/standard-curation-edits
ISSUES POTENTIALLY IMPACTING REUSE
- N/A
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Dionex ASE 200
Dionex ASE 200
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Dionex ASE 200 Instrument Name: Accelerated Solvent Extractor Instrument Short Name:ASE Instrument Description: Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a method for extracting various chemicals from a complex solid or semisolid sample matrix. The process uses high temperature and pressure, which results in the extraction taking less time and requiring less solvent, and possibly also giving better analyte recovery, than traditional methods that use less extreme conditions.
Shimadzu GC‑17
Shimadzu GC‑17
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu GC‑17 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Shimadzu GC‑17 equipped with an autosampler, cooled on‑column injector, and flame‑ionization detector Instrument Name: Gas Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:Gas Chromatograph Instrument Description: Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB02/
Niskin bottles
Niskin bottles
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottles Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Seabird 911plus
Seabird 911plus
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seabird 911plus Instrument Name: Sea-Bird SBE 911plus CTD Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911plus Instrument Description: [tethered, real-time] The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/
Cruise: TAN0909
TAN0909
R/V Tangaroa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tangaroa
vessel
TAN0909
Scott Nodder
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Cruise: TAN0902
TAN0902
R/V Tangaroa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tangaroa
vessel
TAN0902
Scott Nodder
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Cruise: TAN0804
TAN0804
R/V Tangaroa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tangaroa
vessel
TAN0804
Scott Nodder
New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
R/V Tangaroa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tangaroa
vessel