<div><p>See cruise reports for information on original data used to create the kriged maps.</p>
<p>NOTE: There appears to be a decrease in the sensitivity of the fluorometer beginning in<br />
June 1997 (It may have begun earlier but the data is too variable to tell).<br />
It appeared to remain about the same until January of 1999 where it declined again<br />
and became only about 1/3 - 1/4 the sensitivity of what it was in 95 and 96.<br />
There does not appear to be a further change during 1999 although again it is hard<br />
to tell. (E.D.,8/05)</p></div>
Broadscale physical and nutrient kriged data, five year summary.
<div><p>Modeling study performed at WHOI using Broadscale cruise data. Thumbnail images of the broad-scale data, processed using kriging techniques, are displayed here. Clicking on the thumbnail image will open a new browser window displaying the original, large image. Matlab data files are also accessible on these pages by clicking on the appropriate link. Matlab data files are of kriged values for Georges Bank with 2385 grid points. Note that on some browsers it will be necessary to hold down the "shift key" before clicking on the link in order to download the data to a file. Otherwise the data are loaded into your browser. Unless your browser knows what to do with Matlab binary data, it is best to download the whole file.</p>
<p>Thumbnail images were created from the original Matlab generated images using the mogrify utility in a single batch operation prior to serving. The thumbnail image page, however, is created each time it is viewed so that the most recent images are incorporated in the served data.</p>
<p>These maps were created using EasyKrig 3.0 (D. Chu, WHOI, 2004, <a href="http://globec.whoi.edu/software/kriging/easy_krig/easy_krig.html" target="_blank"> http://globec.whoi.edu/software/kriging/easy_krig/easy_krig.html</a>) by Nancy Copley, WHOI. All data were treated anisotropically, i.e., the variable of interest changes more rapidly in one direction than in another, essentially stretching the effect. In this case the x:y ratio was 2:1 and the rotation was 45 degrees for alignment with the Bank. These parameters were chosen based upon known circulation and geography of Georges Bank. When plotting the station locations as circles on the maps, only those stations containing data are shown. Some datasets are quite sparse, e.g. ammonia at 50-100m.</p>
<p><strong>Nutrients:</strong> nitrates & nitrites (NO3/NO2), ammonia (NH4), silica (SiOH4), phosphates (PO4) (Townsend et al, U. Maine):<br />
Data are available for 1997-1999, for January through June except:<br />
1997: no January or June data<br />
1998: no January data</p>
<p>The same colorbar range was used for the nutrient maps (nitrates/nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, silicates) as D. Townsend used in his plots, located on the GLOBEC website at: <a href="http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/info/globec/gb/nut_phyto%7Bdir=globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/,data=grampus.umeoce.maine.edu/jg/serv/globec/nut_phyto.html0%7D?" target="_blank"> http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/info/globec/gb/nut_phyto%7Bdir=globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/,data=grampus.umeoce.maine.edu/jg/serv/globec/nut_phyto.html0%7D?</a></p>
<p>Chlorophyll-a values for 1995-1996 (February through July 1995 and January through June 1996) are from the ctd_hydrography; the 1997-1999 data are from D. Townsend's nutrient data. The color range is given as both 0-6 and 0-10 in order to make both large and small scale variations more clearly visible.</p>
<p>Nutrient and chl-a data were averaged from 3 depth strata: 0-15m, 15-50m, and 50-100m. There were usually one or two bottle samples in each range.</p>
<p>Biovolume data from bongo net displacement volumes is from D. Mountain, Jack Green and Joe Kane, NMFS:<a href="http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/serv/globec/gb/broadscale/bongovols.html0%7Bdir=globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/broadscale/,info=globec.whoi.edu/jg/info/globec/gb/broadscale/bongovols%7D" target="_blank">http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/serv/globec/gb/broadscale/bongovols.html0%7Bdir=globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/broadscale/,info=globec.whoi.edu/jg/info/globec/gb/broadscale/bongovols%7D</a></p>
<p>Temperature, fluorometry, salinity and density stratification values were kriged from data provided by D. Mountain at <a href="http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/broadscale/" target="_blank">http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/gb/broadscale/</a> under ctd_hydrography.</p>
<p>The density stratification was calculated by first finding the density of each station and depth for which there was a temperature and salinity using a Matlab mfile function called <a href="/objectserver/4465a2d62a2cf07702a3912092ec0523/sw_dens.m?url=http%3A%2F%2Fusjgofs.whoi.edu%2Fglobec-dir%2Fsoftware%2Fsw_dens.m&f=3331306461633431336636343036646165333462653039306365363439666538687474703a2f2f75736a676f66732e77686f692e6564752f676c6f6265632d6469722f736f6674776172652f73775f64656e732e6d" target="_blank">sw_dens.m</a>. Then the mean density was calculated for the depth strata 0-15 meters and for 50-100 m. If the maximum depth of a station was less than 50 m, the mean of 25-50m was used as the deep value. The difference is the stratification index.</p></div>
broadscale_summary
<div><h4>VARIABLE STRUCTURE</h4>
<p>There are two structures: "para" and "data", where structure "para" contains all parameters including "load data", "variogram", "kriging", and "display", and structure "data" contains the input ("in")and output data ("out") structures.</p>
<p> </p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:99%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">1. PARAMETERS</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3">VARIABLE NAME</td>
<td>DESCRIPTION</td>
</tr><tr><td>para</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>Parameters Structure</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.home_dir</td>
<td> </td>
<td>home directory</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.optim</td>
<td> </td>
<td>flag of optimization tool box</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.dataprep</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Data Preparation parameters</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.filename</td>
<td>input filename</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.fileID</td>
<td>File ID for the data set</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.x_norm</td>
<td>normalization factor for variable 1</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.y_norm</td>
<td>normalization factor for variable 2</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.z_norm</td>
<td>normalization factor for variable 3</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.x_offset</td>
<td>coordinate offset for variable 1</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.y_offset</td>
<td>coordinate offset for variable 2</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.z_offset</td>
<td>coordinate offset for variable 3</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.latlonfac</td>
<td>conversion factor between longitude/latitude (deg) and x/y (length)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.reduct_fac</td>
<td>data reduction factor</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.filter_type</td>
<td>filter type</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.filter_supt</td>
<td>filter support</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.transform_index</td>
<td>index of data transformation model</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.vario</td>
<td> </td>
<td>(Semi-)Variogram/Correlogram parameters</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.model</td>
<td>model index of variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.sill</td>
<td>sill</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.lscl</td>
<td>relative length scale</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.nugt</td>
<td>nugget</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.powr</td>
<td>power</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.hole</td>
<td>scale of hole effect</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.range</td>
<td>range of modeling</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.res</td>
<td>resolution of the lag</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.angle</td>
<td>anisotrophy angle</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ratio</td>
<td>anisotrophy aspect ratio</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ang_res</td>
<td>angle resolution of 2D variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.para_file</td>
<td>parameter filename</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.krig</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Kriging parameters</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.xmin</td>
<td>minimum x-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.xmax</td>
<td>maximum x-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.dx</td>
<td>resolution in x direction</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ymin</td>
<td>minimum y-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>
<p>.ymax</p>
</td>
<td>maximum y-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.dy</td>
<td>resolution in y direction</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.zmin</td>
<td>minimum z-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.zmax</td>
<td>maximum z-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.dz</td>
<td>resolution in z direction</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.model</td>
<td>kriging model index</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.scheme</td>
<td>kriging scheme index</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.blk_nx</td>
<td>horizontal block size (only for point-block kriging)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.blk_ny</td>
<td>vertical block size (only for point-block kriging)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.srad</td>
<td>kriging search radius</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.kmin</td>
<td>minimum kriging points</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.kmax</td>
<td>maximum kriging points</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.elim</td>
<td> relative error limit</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.batch_file_proc</td>
<td>flag for batch file processing</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.batch_data_file</td>
<td>file that contains a list of input data filename(s) for batch processing</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> .grid_file</td>
<td>filepath and filename of the customized grid file</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr></tbody></table><table border="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:98%"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5">
<p>2. OUTPUT AND INPUT DATA</p>
</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="3">VARIABLE NAME</td>
<td> </td>
<td>DESCRIPTION</td>
</tr><tr><td>data</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>Data Structure</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.in</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>Input data</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.dim</td>
<td> </td>
<td>dimension of the input data</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> .var1</td>
<td> </td>
<td>x-coordinates of raw data after duplicated data and nan's removed</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> .var2</td>
<td> </td>
<td>y-coordinates of raw data after duplicated data and nan's removed</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> .var3</td>
<td> </td>
<td>z-coordinates of raw data after duplicated data and nan's removed</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.var</td>
<td> </td>
<td>raw data after duplicated data and nan's removed</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.x</td>
<td> </td>
<td>x - coordinates after initial manipulation (reduction, normalization)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.y</td>
<td> </td>
<td>y - coordinates after initial manipulation (reduction, normalization)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.z</td>
<td> </td>
<td>z - coordinates after initial manipulation (reduction, normalization)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.v</td>
<td> </td>
<td>data after initial data processing (reduction)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.tvar</td>
<td> </td>
<td>transformed data from data.in.var.</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.tv</td>
<td> </td>
<td>transformed data from data.in.v</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td>.out</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>Output data</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.vario</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Data output from semi-variogram/correlogram computation</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.c0</td>
<td>variance</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.lag</td>
<td>lag of semi-variogram (correlogram)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gammah</td>
<td>semi-variogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.cnt</td>
<td>count of data pairs at each lag</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ang</td>
<td>angle array for 2D semi-variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.x</td>
<td>x-axis of 2D semi-variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.y</td>
<td>y-axis of 2D semi-variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.lag_theo</td>
<td>lag used in model-based variogram/correlogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gammah_theo</td>
<td>model-based semi-variogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gammah2d</td>
<td>2D semi-variogram</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.krig</td>
<td> </td>
<td>Data output from kriging</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.nx</td>
<td>output data dimension: nx * ny for 2D and nx * ny * nz for 3D</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ny</td>
<td>output data dimension: nx * ny for 2D and nx * ny * nz for 3D</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.nz</td>
<td>output data dimension: nx * ny * nz for 3D</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.xg</td>
<td>normalized grided x-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.yg</td>
<td>normalized grided y-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.zg</td>
<td>normalized grided z-coordinate</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gx</td>
<td>normalized grided x-coordinates for customized grids</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gy</td>
<td>normalized grided y-coordinates for customized grids</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gz</td>
<td>normalized grided z-coordinates for customized grids</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Xg</td>
<td>2D/3D x-coordinate matrix</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Yg</td>
<td>2D/3D x-coordinate matrix</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Zg</td>
<td>2D/3D x-coordinate matrix</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Vg</td>
<td>2D/3D data from kriging at (Xg, Yg)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Eg</td>
<td>2D/3D kriging variance at (Xg,Yg)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Ig</td>
<td>reshaped 1D representation of the 2D/3D variable Cg</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.eg</td>
<td>reshaped 1D representation of the 2D/3D variable Eg</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.gv</td>
<td>kriging results at the customized grids (gx, gy, gz)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ge</td>
<td>kriging variance at the customized grids (gx, gy, gz)</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Is</td>
<td>predicted observed data from Double Kriging cross-validation</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.Ijk</td>
<td>predicted observed data from leave-one-out cross-validation</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.ek</td>
<td>normalized residual array in Q1 and Q2 cross-validations</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.q1</td>
<td>value of Q1 cross validation</td>
</tr><tr><td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td>.q2</td>
<td>value of Q2 cross validation</td>
</tr></tbody></table><p>3. Example<br />
To plot the kriging map using your own program, load the output file saved<br />
from easy_krig3.0 and then type:</p>
<p>>>pcolor(data.out.krig.Xg,data.out.krig.Yg,data.out.krig.Cg);<br />
>>colorbar;shading interp</p>
<p>to plot a kriging image, or</p>
<p>>>pcolor(data.out.krig.Xg,data.out.krig.Yg,data.out.krig.Eg);<br />
>>colorbar;shading interp</p>
<p>to plot the kriging variance image. The structured variable "data.out.krig.Xg" means "out" is a substructure under "data", "krig" is a substructure of "out", and "Xg" is a member (2d array) of the substructure "krig". All substructures and members of the primary structures "data" and "para" are listed and explained above (note that only part of those parameters may be useful to the users).</p>
<p><em>Last modified: May 18, 2005</em></p></div>
2297
broadscale_summary
2010-06-16T16:40:39-04:00
2010-06-16T16:40:39-04:00
2023-07-07T16:10:26-04:00
urn:bcodmo:dataset:2297
Broadscale physical and nutrient kriged data, five year summary from R/V Endeavor, R/V Albatross IV, R/V Oceanus in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank, WHOI from 1995-2004 (GB project)
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Mountain, D., Townsend, D. W. (2010) Broadscale physical and nutrient kriged data, five year summary from R/V Endeavor, R/V Albatross IV, R/V Oceanus in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank, WHOI from 1995-2004 (GB project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2010-03-12 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2297 [access date]
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