http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2520
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
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2010-06-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT049, TT050, TT053, TT054 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project)
1996-07-29
publication
1996-07-29
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
1996-07-29
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2520
Richard Barber
Duke University
principalInvestigator
John F. Marra
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Barber, R., Marra, J. F. (1996) Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT049, TT050, TT053, TT054 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version July 29, 1996) Version Date 1996-07-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2520 [access date]
Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments Dataset Description: <p>Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation</p>
Funding provided by Office of Naval Research (ONR) Award Number: unknown Arabian Sea ONR
Funding provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number: unknown Arabian Sea NSF
completed
Richard Barber
Duke University
USA
rbarber@duke.edu
pointOfContact
John F. Marra
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
718-951-5000 x2594
Earth and Environmental Sciences 123 Ingersoll Hall Extension
Brooklyn
NY
11210
USA
jfm7780@brooklyn.cuny.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: July 29, 1996
Unknown
sta
sta_std
lat_n
lon_n
event
depth_n
depth_in
chl_a
pp12
pb12
pp24
pb24
Go-flo Bottle
Niskin Bottle
theme
None, User defined
station number
standard station
latitude nominal
longitude nominal
event
depth nominal
depth incubated
chlorophyll a
primary production 12 hours
pb12
primary production 24 hours
pb24
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
GO-FLO Bottle
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TT043
TT045
TT049
TT050
TT053
TT054
service
Deployment Activity
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/research/arabian.html
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
<p>The U.S. Arabian Sea Expedition which began in September 1994 and ended in January 1996, had three major components: a U.S. JGOFS Process Study, supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF); Forced Upper Ocean Dynamics, an Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiative; and shipboard and aircraft measurements supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Expedition consisted of 17 cruises aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson, year-long moored deployments of five instrumented surface buoys and five sediment-trap arrays, aircraft overflights and satellite observations. Of the seventeen ship cruises, six were allocated to repeat process survey cruises, four to SeaSoar mapping cruises, six to mooring and benthic work, and a single calibration cruise which was essentially conducted in transit to the Arabian Sea.</p>
Arabian Sea
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
1996-07-29
Arabian Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT049, TT050, TT053, TT054 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9692.rdf
Name: sta
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>station number, from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9693.rdf
Name: sta_std
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Arabian Sea standard station identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9694.rdf
Name: lat_n
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>nominal latitude (minus = South)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9695.rdf
Name: lon_n
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>nominal longitude (minus = West)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9696.rdf
Name: event
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>event number, from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9697.rdf
Name: depth_n
Units: meters
Description: <p>nominal depth at which Go-Flo or Niskin bottle was closed</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9698.rdf
Name: depth_in
Units: meters
Description: <p>depth where samples were incubated in situ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9699.rdf
Name: chl_a
Units: milligrams/m^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a as measured by fluorometric method</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9700.rdf
Name: pp12
Units: milligrams C/m^3
Description: <p>primary production, carbon assimilation from dawn to dusk (12 hr.)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9701.rdf
Name: pb12
Units: milligrams C/m^3
Description: <p>carbon assimilation per unit chl-a from dawn to dusk</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9702.rdf
Name: pp24
Units: milligrams C/m^3
Description: <p>primary production, carbon assimilation from dawn to dawn (24 hr.)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9703.rdf
Name: pb24
Units: milligrams C/m^3
Description: <p>carbon assimilation per unit chl-a from dawn to dawn</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
3157
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/2GN3nMpIkxN0vK/primary_prod_TT043.csv
primary_prod_TT043.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hr. experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 1, TTN043
download
4017
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/EKpANwESp139MN/primary_prod_TT045.csv
primary_prod_TT045.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hour experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 2, TTN045
download
4232
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/DwozMvDto3Rxlq/primary_prod_TT049.csv
primary_prod_TT049.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hour experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 4, TTN049
download
2252
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/B1mxKqAtmJv85/primary_prod_TT050.csv
primary_prod_TT050.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hr. experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 5, TTN050
download
3555
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/qAnGP1qTJ18PVy/primary_prod_TT053.csv
primary_prod_TT053.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hr. experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 6, TTN053
download
2707
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/8XNkwVvhwjQ92Q/primary_prod_TT054.csv
primary_prod_TT054.csv
version July 29, 1996
Richard Barber and John Marra
Primary production, incubated in situ, 12 and 24 hr. experiments
Thomas Thompson process cruise 7, TTN054
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2520/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation</p>
from Cruise: TT043 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> January 11, 1995 to January 30, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 19.1669 S: 9.9986 W: 57.9939 E: 67.1673
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN043 - Process Cruise 1 (Late NE Monsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study .
</pre>
from Cruise: TT045 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> March 18, 1995 to April 05, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 19.1673 S: 10.0057 W: 57.9986 E: 67.1664
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN045 - Process Cruise 2 (Spring Intermonsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
</pre>
from Cruise: TT049 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> July 21, 1995 to August 11, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 19.1986 S: 9.9964 W: 57.3012 E: 67.1716
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN049 - Process Cruise 4 (Middle SW Monsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
</pre>
from Cruise: TT050 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> August 22, 1995 to September 10, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 19.1981 S: 9.9586 W: 58.0017 E: 67.1666
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN050 - Process Cruise 5 (Late SW Monsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
</pre>
from Cruise: TT053 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> November 01, 1995 to November 21, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 23.0515 S: 10.0823 W: 57.3007 E: 67.1664
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN053 - Process Cruise 6 (bio-optics)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
</pre>
from Cruise: TT054 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> Richard Barber (Duke University) and
John Marra (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)
<strong>dataset:</strong> Primary Production, 12 and 24 hour experiments
<strong>dates:</strong> December 04, 1995 to December 23, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 19.1986 S: 10.0002 W: 58.0027 E: 67.1654
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TN054 - Process Cruise 7 (Early NE Monsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
Methods reported in:
Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study -
</pre>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT043 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT045 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 µCi/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube'. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 µl of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> ') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT049 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT050 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT053 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
from Cruise: TT054 <h1><em>In Situ</em> Primary Productivity Protocol</h1>
<p><strong>A Description of Actual Procedures Used on the 1992 EqPac Survey and Time Series Cruises</strong></p>
<p><strong>Richard T. Barber</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p>The conceptual basis for the anti-contamination procedures are, of course, the classic paper by Fitzwater, Knauer and Martin (1982), but other important comments on inhibition of phytoplankton are given in Chavez and Barber (1987), Price <em> et al.</em> (1986), Williams and Robertson (1989) and Marra and Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>I. <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C Solution</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Anhydrous crystalline sodium carbonate is added to stock carbonate solution of 0.3 g carbonate in 1.0 liter of Nanopure water. The lot number of the NEN (New England Nuclear) Na<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> CO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> was 2653-074; the specific activity was 55.0 mCi/mmol. The designation number is NEC-088H.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The solution is made up and stored in Teflon containers that are cleaned as described below.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is refrigerated, but allowed to come to room temperature before addition to the seawater.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. The intended activity of the <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is 100 �Ci/ml; however, in our procedure the activity added is measured for each profile, so variations in the initial activity are not a problem.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>II. Cleaning</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. New bottles and labware are cleaned as follows: soak in a 2 % Micro solution for three days. Rinse three times with DI water, then soak overnight in DI water. Rinse again, then soak for two days in 0.5<em>N</em> HCl (Fisher trace metal grade). Rinse three times with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. After each use, the incubation bottles are soaked in a 10 % acid wash for 12 to 24 hours and then rinsed well (3 times) with Nanopure water.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. Teflon stock bottles are cleaned by performing Micro and DI soaks as above. Then sequential three-day soakings are performed, filling first with 6 <em>N</em> HCl for three days, then with 2 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days, and then with the cleanest available 0.5 <em>N</em> HNO<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> for three days. Each filling should be followed with Nanopure rinses. Oven dry on a plastic tray at 65<img alt="degrees" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> C.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Polyethylene or vinyl disposable gloves without talc are worn during Rosette handling and all other procedures.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>III. Sampling</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Eight light depths are sampled down to the 0.1 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> light depth with custom made Go-Flo bottles on a ``trace metal clean'' General Oceanics rosette. The rosette was made by General Oceanics according to Moss Landing Marine Laboratory's specification; it is called the EqPac ``clean rosette.'' The rosette was lowered on a Kevlar conducting hydroline with non-metal sheaves and a dedicated winch.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Samples were taken before dawn, usually at 3:00 to 4:00 am.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The 280 ml polycarbonate bottles are rinsed three times with sample water and filled. The water ``fell'' from the Go-Flo spout into the bottle without the use of a ``filling tube''. (McCarthy <em> et al</em> and Landry <em> et al.</em> always use a ``filling tube'' to reduce shear and turbulence that hurts microflagellates and ciliates. To avoid potential contamination, we do not use a ``filling tube.'')</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. Inoculation of 100 �l of <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C solution is done in the radioactivity van with an Eppendorf disposable tip dispenser.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. In addition to two bottles from each light depth a third bottle is taken from surface (``100 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> '') and the 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth for the determination of time zero particulate <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C counts. The 100 % and 8 % samples are inoculated and immediately filtered and treated identically to the incubated filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>IV. Incubation</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The two replicate bottles from each depth are placed in a nylon mesh bag and closed with polyethylene cable ties.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Each bag is attached to the polypropylene array line by ``tuna'' snaps that clip into rings that are spliced in the line at one-meter intervals.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The array line has a 50-lb lead weight at the bottom and two floats at the top.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. A 20 m tag line connects the array line to the array spar buoy which has an aluminum radar reflector, 3M light reflector sheets, a reflective International Orange flag, a Novatech VHF transmitter and a Novatech xenon flasher. Batteries on the VHF and flasher are changed at each deployment.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>E. The array is picked up after about 24 hours or about 4 am. The nylon bags are taken off and placed in a box as the array is recovered. The recovery takes about 20 to 30 minutes after the spar buoy is caught with grapnel hooks.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>V. Filtration</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. Following retrieval of the nylon bags from the array line the bags and bottles are taken to the radioactivity van. One ml is taken from the 100 % and 8 % I<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> depth bottles and added to scintillation vials containing 1 ml of beta phenethylamine then 10 ml of Ecolume is added. The purpose of this procedure is to determine an added <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. The samples are then filtered through Whatman GFF filters.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>C. The filters are placed in scintillation vials and 0.5 ml of 0.5 <em>N</em> HCl added. The acidified filters are left for 24 hours in the hood.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>D. 10 ml of Ecolume is then added and the vials capped and left for 24 hours.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>VI. Counting and Calculations</p>
<p> </p>
<p>A. The time zero, total activity and incubated samples are counted on the liquid scintillation counter with a wide window.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>B. Carbon uptake for each light level is calculated as follows:</p>
<p> </p>
<pre>
Carbon = ([DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> - DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />] <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 1.05 <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> 24000)/DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> time)
DPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /><img alt="4" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_4.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" /> = CPM<img alt="0" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_0.gif" />/efficiency of filters
DPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" /> = (CPM<img alt="tot" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/sub_tot.xbm" />/efficiency tot) <img alt=" * " src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/dot.xbm" /> bottle volume
1.05 = factor for preferential uptake of <img alt="1" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_1.gif" /><img alt="2" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" />C over <img alt="14" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" />C
24000 = weight in mg/m<img alt="3" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_3.gif" /> of the inorganic carbon in seawater
</pre>
<p>C. Carbon uptake for the water column down to the 1.0 % and 0.1 % light level is calculated using a trapezoidal integration. We note that each P.I. in JGOFS uses a different integration scheme. This is an area where some discussion might be useful.</p>
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<p>Chavez, F.P. and R.T. Barber (1987).</p>
<p>An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1229--1243.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Fitzwater, S.E., G.A. Knauer and J.H. Martin (1982).</p>
<p>Metal contamination and its effects on primary production measurements. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>27</strong>: 544--551.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Marra, J. and K. R. Heinemann (1987).</p>
<p>Primary production in the north Pacific central gyre. <em> Deep-Sea Research</em>, <strong>43</strong>: 1821--1829.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Price, N. M., P. J. Harrison, M. R. Landry, F. Azam and K. J. F. Hall (1986).</p>
<p>Toxic effect of latex and Tygon tubing on phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria. <em> Marine Ecology: Progress Series</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 41.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Williams, P. J. LeB. and N. I. Robertson (1989).</p>
<p>A serious inhibition problem from a Niskin sampler during plankton productivity studies. <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>, <strong>34</strong>: 1300--1304.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Go-flo Bottle
Go-flo Bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Go-flo Bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Go-Flo bottles on a "trace metal clean" General Oceanics rosette. Instrument Name: GO-FLO Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Instrument Description: GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
Niskin Bottle
Niskin Bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin Bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:CTD/Niskin Rosette bottles. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: TT043
TT043
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT043
Michael R. Roman
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
http://osprey.bcodmo.org/datasetDeployment.cfm?ddid=2580&did=353&flag=view
Report describing TT043
Cruise: TT045
TT045
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT045
John F. Marra
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Cruise: TT049
TT049
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT049
Richard Barber
Duke University
Cruise: TT050
TT050
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT050
Sharon L. Smith
University of Miami
Cruise: TT053
TT053
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT053
William M. Balch
University of Miami
Cruise: TT054
TT054
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT054
Wilford D. Gardner
Texas A&M University
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel