http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2546 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2009-09-24 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Zooplankton carbon by size fractions, bongo net tows from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT050 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project) 1997-07-01 publication 1997-07-01 revision BCO-DMO Linked Data URI 1997-07-01 creation http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2546 Karen Wishner University of Rhode Island principalInvestigator Dr Marcia Gowing University of California-Santa Cruz principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Wishner, K., Gowing, M. (1997) Zooplankton carbon by size fractions, bongo net tows from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT050 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version final) Version Date 1997-07-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2546 [access date] Zooplankton carbon by size fractions, bongo net tows Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;Zooplankton carbon by size fractions at 0-200m using bongo net tows&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: unknown Arabian Sea NASA Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9310591 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=9310591 completed Karen Wishner University of Rhode Island 401-874-6402 215 South Ferry Road Narragansett RI 02882 USA kwishner@uri.edu pointOfContact Dr Marcia Gowing University of California-Santa Cruz USA gowing@cats.ucsc.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: final Unknown event sta_std sta net zp_C_1 zp_C_2 zp_C_3 zp_C_4 zp_C_T Bongo Nets theme None, User defined event No BCO-DMO term net featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Bongo Net instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments TT043 TT045 TT050 service Deployment Activity U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea place Locations otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/ U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research. The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP). U.S. JGOFS largerWorkCitation program U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/research/arabian.html U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea <p>The U.S. Arabian Sea Expedition which began in September 1994 and ended in January 1996, had three major components: a U.S. JGOFS Process Study, supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF); Forced Upper Ocean Dynamics, an Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiative; and shipboard and aircraft measurements supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Expedition consisted of 17 cruises aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson, year-long moored deployments of five instrumented surface buoys and five sediment-trap arrays, aircraft overflights and satellite observations. Of the seventeen ship cruises, six were allocated to repeat process survey cruises, four to SeaSoar mapping cruises, six to mooring and benthic work, and a single calibration cruise which was essentially conducted in transit to the Arabian Sea.</p> Arabian Sea largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea 1997-07-01 Arabian Sea 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Zooplankton carbon by size fractions, bongo net tows from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT043, TT045, TT050 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project) Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10505.rdf Name: event Units: MMDDHHmm Description: <p>event number, from event log</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10506.rdf Name: sta_std Units: unknown Description: <p>Arabian Sea standard station identifier</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10507.rdf Name: sta Units: unknown Description: <p>station number, from event log</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10508.rdf Name: net Units: 153 or 335 micron mesh Description: <p>Bongo net:</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10509.rdf Name: zp_C_1 Units: mmol C/m2 Description: <p>zooplankton carbon, 200-500 micron</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10510.rdf Name: zp_C_2 Units: mmol C/m2 Description: <p>zooplankton carbon, 500-1000 micron</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10511.rdf Name: zp_C_3 Units: mmol C/m2 Description: <p>zooplankton carbon, 1000-2000 micron</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10512.rdf Name: zp_C_4 Units: mmol C/m2 Description: <p>zooplankton carbon, gt 2000 micron</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10513.rdf Name: zp_C_T Units: mmol C/m2 Description: <p>zooplankton carbon, total size fractions</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 465 https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/EKpANjqtWzMqAG/zoo_bongo_TT043.csv zoo_bongo_TT043.csv Version July 1, 1997 Karen Wishner and Marcia Gowing Mesozooplankton carbon biomass from Bongo tows at 0-200m Thomas Thompson cruise TTN-043 - Process Cruise 1 download 718 https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/g7ErB3nSGkZVZo/zoo_bongo_TT045.csv zoo_bongo_TT045.csv version June 23, 1997 Karen Wishner and Marcia Gowing Mesozooplankton carbon biomass from Bongo tows at 0-200m Thomas Thompson cruise TTN-045 - Process Cruise 2 download 1046 https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/JExJVoNF8n0pDG/zoo_bongo_TT050.csv zoo_bongo_TT050.csv version June 23, 1997 Karen Wishner and Marcia Gowing Mesozooplankton carbon biomass from Bongo tows at 0-200m Thomas Thompson cruise TTN-050 - Process Cruise 5 download https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2546/data/download download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation&lt;/p&gt; from Cruise: TT043 <pre> <b>PI:</b> Karen Wishner (University of Rhode Island), Marcia Gowing (University of California- Santa Cruz) <b>dataset:</b> Zooplankton carbon by size fractions at 0-200m using bongo net tows <b>dates:</b> January 10, 1995 to January 22, 1995 <b>location:</b> N: 21.1859 S: 12.0693 W: 63.5213 E: 67.9341 <b>project:</b> Arabian Sea <b>cruise:</b> TTN-043, Process 1, Winter monsoon <b>ship:</b> R/V Thomas Thompson </pre> <h2>Mesozooplankton Biomass Documentation: JGOFS Arabian Sea</h2> <pre> <b>PIs: Karen Wishner (URI), Marcia Gowing (UCSC)</b> Data Base Organizer and Chief Technician: Celia Gelfman Assistants: Chelsea Donovan, Heidi Franklin, Maureen Koneval, Lauren Lankau, John Maccario, Jennifer Saltzman, Dorothee Schreiber, Cynthia Venn, Kathleen Vignes. Samples were collected with a double 1 m2 MOCNESS (two 1 m2 MOCNESS systems side-by-side), a multiple opening-closing net system with environmental sensors and control of the nets from shipboard (Wiebe et al. 1976, 1985). The nets were 153 micron mesh with a 1 m2 mouth opening (when towed at a 45 degree angle). The net was towed usually at 1.5 - 2.5 kts behind the ship. Wire was payed out at 10 - 25 m/min and hauled in at 5 - 20 m/min. Environmental data from the MOCNESS included time, depth, temperature (Sea-Bird SBE 3), salinity (Sea-Bird SBE 4), light transmission (SeaTech 25 cm beam transmissometer), and oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE 13). The volume filtered through each net was determined by the MOCNESS program, taking into account flow past the system (measured with a modified TSK flowmeter mounted on the net frame) and the towing angle. In some cases, the volume filtered per time from trouble-free portions of a tow was extrapolated to time intervals with electronic problems. Usually 16 discrete samples were collected in an oblique haul from about 1000 m to the surface. Typically a day and a night tow were taken at each of the six long stations during four seasonally-spaced process cruises (TN043, TN045, TN050, TN054). Occasional additional tows and samples to deeper depths were also done. During the monsoon cruise (TN050), there were often problems with knotted or ripped nets because of the rough seas; data from this cruise should be treated with caution. Tow times and geographic locations can be found in the cruise event log. Cod ends were placed on ice immediately after retrieval. Nets were hosed down with filtered (nominally 2 micron) seawater. For most day tows, the entire sample was preserved in 4% borate-buffered formaldehyde. For most night tows, the samples were split in a NMFS-style (flat-bottomed) plankton splitter. Half the sample was preserved as above for displacement volumes, wet weights, and distributions; one quarter (or the entire remaining half for very small samples and for surface samples) was set aside in a refrigerator for dry weight and CHN subsampling several hours later; and one quarter (when available) was preserved in paraformaldehyde for electron microscopy of zooplankton gut contents. For dry weights, the sample was size-fractionated through a sieve series (2000, 1000, 505, 202 micron) and each size fraction was resuspended in a known volume of filtered seawater. Aliquots were taken with a Stempel piston pipette, filtered onto combusted pre-weighed GF/D 25 mm glass fiber filters, rinsed with distilled water, loosely wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in an oven (60 degrees C) for several days, and stored in a desiccator for shipment home. Two replicates were done for each size fraction. Four blanks (aliquots of filtered seawater treated as above) were done for each tow. In the lab, filters were dried in an oven (60 degrees C) for 8 - 10 hr, weighed for dry weight on a Cahn microbalance, ashed in a muffle furnace (500 degrees C) for 4 hr, and weighed for ash. For dry weights, the pre-cruise filter weight and the mean dry weight blank for the cruise (a single value for each cruise) were subtracted from the measured post-cruise dry weights. The ash-free dry weight was calculated as the post-cruise dry weight minus the post-cruise ash weight and the cruise mean ash weight blank. For carbon values, a conversion factor from the literature was used [log (dry weight) = 0.499 + 0.991 (log carbon)] (Wiebe et al. 1975, Wiebe 1988). The mean of the 2 replicate filters from each sample was used. In cases where no measurements were made and in cases where the weight of a filter with sample was less than the blank and pre-cruise filter weight, the data were recorded as ND (no data). Carbon values from CHN measurements were also obtained by Roman from some of these same samples in the upper 200 m on cruises TN043, TN045, and TN050. Displacement volumes and wet weights were measured several months after the cruise on preserved samples. Either the entire sample or a half split was used. Large singular organisms (large fish or jellyfish) were removed beforehand. Displacement volumes were done with no size fractionation. Wet weights were done on the large (> 2 mm) and small (< 2 mm) size fractions after separation by sieving. Bongo tows were taken at many of the hydro and intermediate stations, as well as the long stations. Wishner's bongo frame (used on TN043, TN045, and the beginning of TN050) had mouth openings of 61 cm, used one net with 153 micron mesh and one with 335 micron mesh, and had a General Oceanics counter flowmeter in each mouth opening. A Wildlife Systems electronic time-depth recorder was attached to the frame. Oblique tows from the starboard side were done to about 200 m depth at about 1.5 - 2 kts. Wire was payed out at 30 m/min and hauled in at 20 m/min. Half of each sample was preserved for displacement volume and distributional measurements, while the other half was used for dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and carbon analyses (and CHN analyses by Roman on the 153 micron mesh net sample) as described above. In the Zooplankton Biomass--MOCNESS and Bongo files, data are presented as mmoles of carbon for each size fraction and for the sum of all size fractions, totaled within the indicated depth range (per m2). For some MOCNESS tows, depth intervals with missing data were represented as the mean of the biomass in the samples immediately above and below in order to calculate a value for the total depth range. References Wiebe, P.H. 1988. Functional regression equations for zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon: a correction. Fish. Bull. U.S. 86:833-835. Wiebe, P.H., S.H. Boyd, and J.L. Cox. 1975. Relationships between zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon. Fish. Bull. U.S. 73:777-786. Wiebe, P.H., K.H. Burt, S.H. Boyd, and A.W. Morton. 1976. A multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system for sampling zooplankton. J. Mar. Res. 34:312-326. Wiebe, P.H., A.W. Morton, A.M. Bradley, J.E. Craddock, T.J. Cowles, V.A. Barber, R.H. Backus, and G.R. Flierl. 1985. New developments in the MOCNESS, an apparatus for sampling zooplankton and micronekton. Mar. Biol. 87:313-323. </pre> from Cruise: TT045 <pre> <b>PI:</b> Karen Wishner (University of Rhode Island), Marcia Gowing (University of California- Santa Cruz) <b>dataset:</b> Zooplankton carbon by size fractions at 0-200m using bongo net tows <b>dates:</b> March 16, 1995 to April 05, 1995 <b>location:</b> N: 21.1779 S: 12.0623 W: 58.8083 E: 68.7305 <b>project:</b> Arabian Sea <b>cruise:</b> TTN-045, Process 2 (Spring Intermonsoon) <b>ship:</b> R/V Thomas Thompson </pre> <h2>Mesozooplankton Biomass Documentation: JGOFS Arabian Sea</h2> <pre> <b>PIs: Karen Wishner (URI), Marcia Gowing (UCSC)</b> Data Base Organizer and Chief Technician: Celia Gelfman Assistants: Chelsea Donovan, Heidi Franklin, Maureen Koneval, Lauren Lankau, John Maccario, Jennifer Saltzman, Dorothee Schreiber, Cynthia Venn, Kathleen Vignes. Samples were collected with a double 1 m2 MOCNESS (two 1 m2 MOCNESS systems side-by-side), a multiple opening-closing net system with environmental sensors and control of the nets from shipboard (Wiebe et al. 1976, 1985). The nets were 153 micron mesh with a 1 m2 mouth opening (when towed at a 45 degree angle). The net was towed usually at 1.5 - 2.5 kts behind the ship. Wire was payed out at 10 - 25 m/min and hauled in at 5 - 20 m/min. Environmental data from the MOCNESS included time, depth, temperature (Sea-Bird SBE 3), salinity (Sea-Bird SBE 4), light transmission (SeaTech 25 cm beam transmissometer), and oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE 13). The volume filtered through each net was determined by the MOCNESS program, taking into account flow past the system (measured with a modified TSK flowmeter mounted on the net frame) and the towing angle. In some cases, the volume filtered per time from trouble-free portions of a tow was extrapolated to time intervals with electronic problems. Usually 16 discrete samples were collected in an oblique haul from about 1000 m to the surface. Typically a day and a night tow were taken at each of the six long stations during four seasonally-spaced process cruises (TN043, TN045, TN050, TN054). Occasional additional tows and samples to deeper depths were also done. During the monsoon cruise (TN050), there were often problems with knotted or ripped nets because of the rough seas; data from this cruise should be treated with caution. Tow times and geographic locations can be found in the cruise event log. Cod ends were placed on ice immediately after retrieval. Nets were hosed down with filtered (nominally 2 micron) seawater. For most day tows, the entire sample was preserved in 4% borate-buffered formaldehyde. For most night tows, the samples were split in a NMFS-style (flat-bottomed) plankton splitter. Half the sample was preserved as above for displacement volumes, wet weights, and distributions; one quarter (or the entire remaining half for very small samples and for surface samples) was set aside in a refrigerator for dry weight and CHN subsampling several hours later; and one quarter (when available) was preserved in paraformaldehyde for electron microscopy of zooplankton gut contents. For dry weights, the sample was size-fractionated through a sieve series (2000, 1000, 505, 202 micron) and each size fraction was resuspended in a known volume of filtered seawater. Aliquots were taken with a Stempel piston pipette, filtered onto combusted pre-weighed GF/D 25 mm glass fiber filters, rinsed with distilled water, loosely wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in an oven (60 degrees C) for several days, and stored in a desiccator for shipment home. Two replicates were done for each size fraction. Four blanks (aliquots of filtered seawater treated as above) were done for each tow. In the lab, filters were dried in an oven (60 degrees C) for 8 - 10 hr, weighed for dry weight on a Cahn microbalance, ashed in a muffle furnace (500 degrees C) for 4 hr, and weighed for ash. For dry weights, the pre-cruise filter weight and the mean dry weight blank for the cruise (a single value for each cruise) were subtracted from the measured post-cruise dry weights. The ash-free dry weight was calculated as the post-cruise dry weight minus the post-cruise ash weight and the cruise mean ash weight blank. For carbon values, a conversion factor from the literature was used [log (dry weight) = 0.499 + 0.991 (log carbon)] (Wiebe et al. 1975, Wiebe 1988). The mean of the 2 replicate filters from each sample was used. In cases where no measurements were made and in cases where the weight of a filter with sample was less than the blank and pre-cruise filter weight, the data were recorded as ND (no data). Carbon values from CHN measurements were also obtained by Roman from some of these same samples in the upper 200 m on cruises TN043, TN045, and TN050. Displacement volumes and wet weights were measured several months after the cruise on preserved samples. Either the entire sample or a half split was used. Large singular organisms (large fish or jellyfish) were removed beforehand. Displacement volumes were done with no size fractionation. Wet weights were done on the large (> 2 mm) and small (< 2 mm) size fractions after separation by sieving. Bongo tows were taken at many of the hydro and intermediate stations, as well as the long stations. Wishner's bongo frame (used on TN043, TN045, and the beginning of TN050) had mouth openings of 61 cm, used one net with 153 micron mesh and one with 335 micron mesh, and had a General Oceanics counter flowmeter in each mouth opening. A Wildlife Systems electronic time-depth recorder was attached to the frame. Oblique tows from the starboard side were done to about 200 m depth at about 1.5 - 2 kts. Wire was payed out at 30 m/min and hauled in at 20 m/min. Half of each sample was preserved for displacement volume and distributional measurements, while the other half was used for dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and carbon analyses (and CHN analyses by Roman on the 153 micron mesh net sample) as described above. In the Zooplankton Biomass--MOCNESS and Bongo files, data are presented as mmoles of carbon for each size fraction and for the sum of all size fractions, totaled within the indicated depth range (per m2). For some MOCNESS tows, depth intervals with missing data were represented as the mean of the biomass in the samples immediately above and below in order to calculate a value for the total depth range. References Wiebe, P.H. 1988. Functional regression equations for zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon: a correction. Fish. Bull. U.S. 86:833-835. Wiebe, P.H., S.H. Boyd, and J.L. Cox. 1975. Relationships between zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon. Fish. Bull. U.S. 73:777-786. Wiebe, P.H., K.H. Burt, S.H. Boyd, and A.W. Morton. 1976. A multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system for sampling zooplankton. J. Mar. Res. 34:312-326. Wiebe, P.H., A.W. Morton, A.M. Bradley, J.E. Craddock, T.J. Cowles, V.A. Barber, R.H. Backus, and G.R. Flierl. 1985. New developments in the MOCNESS, an apparatus for sampling zooplankton and micronekton. Mar. Biol. 87:313-323. </pre> from Cruise: TT050 <pre> <b>PI:</b> Karen Wishner (University of Rhode Island), Marcia Gowing (University of California-Santa Cruz) <b>dataset:</b> Zooplankton carbon by size fractions at 0-200m using bongo net tows <b>dates:</b> August 19, 1995 to September 13, 1995 <b>location:</b> N: 22.5076 S: 15.2486 W: 57.3112 E: 68.733 <b>project:</b> Arabian Sea <b>cruise:</b> TTN-050, Process 5 (Late SW Monsoon) <b>ship:</b> R/V Thomas Thompson </pre> <h2>Mesozooplankton Biomass Documentation: JGOFS Arabian Sea</h2> <pre> <b>PIs: Karen Wishner (URI), Marcia Gowing (UCSC)</b> Data Base Organizer and Chief Technician: Celia Gelfman Assistants: Chelsea Donovan, Heidi Franklin, Maureen Koneval, Lauren Lankau, John Maccario, Jennifer Saltzman, Dorothee Schreiber, Cynthia Venn, Kathleen Vignes. Samples were collected with a double 1 m2 MOCNESS (two 1 m2 MOCNESS systems side-by-side), a multiple opening-closing net system with environmental sensors and control of the nets from shipboard (Wiebe et al. 1976, 1985). The nets were 153 micron mesh with a 1 m2 mouth opening (when towed at a 45 degree angle). The net was towed usually at 1.5 - 2.5 kts behind the ship. Wire was payed out at 10 - 25 m/min and hauled in at 5 - 20 m/min. Environmental data from the MOCNESS included time, depth, temperature (Sea-Bird SBE 3), salinity (Sea-Bird SBE 4), light transmission (SeaTech 25 cm beam transmissometer), and oxygen (Sea-Bird SBE 13). The volume filtered through each net was determined by the MOCNESS program, taking into account flow past the system (measured with a modified TSK flowmeter mounted on the net frame) and the towing angle. In some cases, the volume filtered per time from trouble-free portions of a tow was extrapolated to time intervals with electronic problems. Usually 16 discrete samples were collected in an oblique haul from about 1000 m to the surface. Typically a day and a night tow were taken at each of the six long stations during four seasonally-spaced process cruises (TN043, TN045, TN050, TN054). Occasional additional tows and samples to deeper depths were also done. During the monsoon cruise (TN050), there were often problems with knotted or ripped nets because of the rough seas; data from this cruise should be treated with caution. Tow times and geographic locations can be found in the cruise event log. Cod ends were placed on ice immediately after retrieval. Nets were hosed down with filtered (nominally 2 micron) seawater. For most day tows, the entire sample was preserved in 4% borate-buffered formaldehyde. For most night tows, the samples were split in a NMFS-style (flat-bottomed) plankton splitter. Half the sample was preserved as above for displacement volumes, wet weights, and distributions; one quarter (or the entire remaining half for very small samples and for surface samples) was set aside in a refrigerator for dry weight and CHN subsampling several hours later; and one quarter (when available) was preserved in paraformaldehyde for electron microscopy of zooplankton gut contents. For dry weights, the sample was size-fractionated through a sieve series (2000, 1000, 505, 202 micron) and each size fraction was resuspended in a known volume of filtered seawater. Aliquots were taken with a Stempel piston pipette, filtered onto combusted pre-weighed GF/D 25 mm glass fiber filters, rinsed with distilled water, loosely wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in an oven (60 degrees C) for several days, and stored in a desiccator for shipment home. Two replicates were done for each size fraction. Four blanks (aliquots of filtered seawater treated as above) were done for each tow. In the lab, filters were dried in an oven (60 degrees C) for 8 - 10 hr, weighed for dry weight on a Cahn microbalance, ashed in a muffle furnace (500 degrees C) for 4 hr, and weighed for ash. For dry weights, the pre-cruise filter weight and the mean dry weight blank for the cruise (a single value for each cruise) were subtracted from the measured post-cruise dry weights. The ash-free dry weight was calculated as the post-cruise dry weight minus the post-cruise ash weight and the cruise mean ash weight blank. For carbon values, a conversion factor from the literature was used [log (dry weight) = 0.499 + 0.991 (log carbon)] (Wiebe et al. 1975, Wiebe 1988). The mean of the 2 replicate filters from each sample was used. In cases where no measurements were made and in cases where the weight of a filter with sample was less than the blank and pre-cruise filter weight, the data were recorded as ND (no data). Carbon values from CHN measurements were also obtained by Roman from some of these same samples in the upper 200 m on cruises TN043, TN045, and TN050. Displacement volumes and wet weights were measured several months after the cruise on preserved samples. Either the entire sample or a half split was used. Large singular organisms (large fish or jellyfish) were removed beforehand. Displacement volumes were done with no size fractionation. Wet weights were done on the large (> 2 mm) and small (< 2 mm) size fractions after separation by sieving. Bongo tows were taken at many of the hydro and intermediate stations, as well as the long stations. Wishner's bongo frame (used on TN043, TN045, and the beginning of TN050) had mouth openings of 61 cm, used one net with 153 micron mesh and one with 335 micron mesh, and had a General Oceanics counter flowmeter in each mouth opening. A Wildlife Systems electronic time-depth recorder was attached to the frame. Oblique tows from the starboard side were done to about 200 m depth at about 1.5 - 2 kts. Wire was payed out at 30 m/min and hauled in at 20 m/min. Half of each sample was preserved for displacement volume and distributional measurements, while the other half was used for dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and carbon analyses (and CHN analyses by Roman on the 153 micron mesh net sample) as described above. In the Zooplankton Biomass--MOCNESS and Bongo files, data are presented as mmoles of carbon for each size fraction and for the sum of all size fractions, totaled within the indicated depth range (per m2). For some MOCNESS tows, depth intervals with missing data were represented as the mean of the biomass in the samples immediately above and below in order to calculate a value for the total depth range. References Wiebe, P.H. 1988. Functional regression equations for zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon: a correction. Fish. Bull. U.S. 86:833-835. Wiebe, P.H., S.H. Boyd, and J.L. Cox. 1975. Relationships between zooplankton displacement volume, wet weight, dry weight, and carbon. Fish. Bull. U.S. 73:777-786. Wiebe, P.H., K.H. Burt, S.H. Boyd, and A.W. Morton. 1976. A multiple opening-closing net and environmental sensing system for sampling zooplankton. J. Mar. Res. 34:312-326. Wiebe, P.H., A.W. Morton, A.M. Bradley, J.E. Craddock, T.J. Cowles, V.A. Barber, R.H. Backus, and G.R. Flierl. 1985. New developments in the MOCNESS, an apparatus for sampling zooplankton and micronekton. Mar. Biol. 87:313-323. </pre> Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Bongo Nets Bongo Nets PI Supplied Instrument Name: Bongo Nets Instrument Name: Bongo Net Instrument Short Name:Bongo Net Instrument Description: A Bongo Net consists of paired plankton nets, typically with a 60 cm diameter mouth opening and varying mesh sizes, 10 to 1000 micron. The Bongo Frame was designed by the National Marine Fisheries Service for use in the MARMAP program. It consists of two cylindrical collars connected with a yoke so that replicate samples are collected at the same time. Variations in models are designed for either vertical hauls (OI-2500 = NMFS Pairovet-Style, MARMAP Bongo, CalVET) or both oblique and vertical hauls (Aquatic Research). The OI-1200 has an opening and closing mechanism that allows discrete "known-depth" sampling. This model is large enough to filter water at the rate of 47.5 m3/minute when towing at a speed of two knots. More information: Ocean Instruments, Aquatic Research, Sea-Gear Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/NETT0009/ Cruise: TT043 TT043 R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel TT043 Michael R. Roman University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science http://osprey.bcodmo.org/datasetDeployment.cfm?ddid=2580&did=353&flag=view Report describing TT043 Cruise: TT045 TT045 R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel TT045 John F. Marra Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Cruise: TT050 TT050 R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel TT050 Sharon L. Smith University of Miami R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel