http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2557
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2009-09-24
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT049, TT053 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project)
2002-12-16
publication
2002-12-16
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2002-12-16
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2557
William M. Balch
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Balch, W. M. (2002) Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT049, TT053 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version final) Version Date 2002-12-16 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2557 [access date]
Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis Dataset Description: <p>Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation</p>
completed
William M. Balch
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive
East Boothbay
ME
04544
USA
bbalch@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: final
Unknown
event
sta_std
sta
cast
bot
depth
Ca_p
C_photosyn
C_calcif
Niskin Bottle
theme
None, User defined
event
No BCO-DMO term
cast
depth
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TT049
TT053
service
Deployment Activity
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/research/arabian.html
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
<p>The U.S. Arabian Sea Expedition which began in September 1994 and ended in January 1996, had three major components: a U.S. JGOFS Process Study, supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF); Forced Upper Ocean Dynamics, an Office of Naval Research (ONR) initiative; and shipboard and aircraft measurements supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Expedition consisted of 17 cruises aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson, year-long moored deployments of five instrumented surface buoys and five sediment-trap arrays, aircraft overflights and satellite observations. Of the seventeen ship cruises, six were allocated to repeat process survey cruises, four to SeaSoar mapping cruises, six to mooring and benthic work, and a single calibration cruise which was essentially conducted in transit to the Arabian Sea.</p>
Arabian Sea
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea
2002-12-16
Arabian Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis from R/V Thomas G. Thompson TT049, TT053 cruises in the Arabian Sea in 1995 (U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9861.rdf
Name: event
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>event number from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9862.rdf
Name: sta_std
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Arabian Sea standard station identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9863.rdf
Name: sta
Units: unknown
Description: <p>station number from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9864.rdf
Name: cast
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>CTD rosette cast number from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9865.rdf
Name: bot
Units: unknown
Description: <p>CTD rosette bottle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9866.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>sample depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9867.rdf
Name: Ca_p
Units: micrograms/liter
Description: <p>Calcium concentration for any particles greater than 0.4 microns; effectively the suspended calcite concentration.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9868.rdf
Name: C_photosyn
Units: micrograms C/liter/day
Description: <p>Photosynthesis: rate of C-14 fixation (organic fraction) by micro-diffusion method.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/9869.rdf
Name: C_calcif
Units: micrograms C/liter/day
Description: <p>Calcification: rate of C-14 fixation (calcite fraction) by micro-diffusion method.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
9143
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/ypy013AIN7GoDq/calcite_prod_TT049.csv
calcite_prod_TT049.csv
version July 1, 1997
William Balch
Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis
Thomas Thompson cruise TTN-049; Process Cruise 4
download
7934
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/DwozMgZInwDMpx/calcite_prod_TT053.csv
calcite_prod_TT053.csv
version July 1, 1997
William Balch
Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis
Thomas Thompson cruise TTN-053; Process Cruise 6
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2557/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation</p>
from Cruise: TT049 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> William Balch
<strong>of:</strong> Bigelow Laboratory
<strong>dataset:</strong> Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis
<strong>dates:</strong> July 18, 1995 to August 13, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 22.516 S: 9.9964 W: 57.3012 E: 68.75
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TTN-049 - Process Cruise 4 (Middle SW Monsoon)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
PI Note: The photosynthesis and calcification technique was modified
according to:
Paasche, E. and S. Brubak. 1994. Enhanced calcification
in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae)
under phosphorus limitation. Phycologia 33: 324-330.
DMO Note: Data are served with ascending event numbers.
At stations 7, 13, 17, 22, 27, 29 and 30, the depth profile was
taken in two casts, with the deep cast done first. At
these stations, the depth will be out of order.
Nuclepore 0.4 micron membrane filters were used for all filtrations.
</pre>
from Cruise: TT053 <pre>
<strong>PI:</strong> William Balch
<strong>of:</strong> Bigelow Laboratory
<strong>dataset:</strong> Suspended calcite, calcification and photosynthesis
<strong>dates:</strong> October 29, 1995 to November 23, 1995
<strong>location:</strong> N: 24.3302 S: 10.0823 W: 56.4971 E: 67.1664
<strong>project/cruise:</strong> Arabian Sea/TTN-053 - Process Cruise 6 (bio-optics)
<strong>ship:</strong> Thomas Thompson
PI Note: The photosynthesis and calcification technique was modified
according to:
Paasche, E. and S. Brubak. 1994. Enhanced calcification
in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae)
under phosphorus limitation. Phycologia 33: 324-330.
Nuclepore 0.4 micron membrane filters were used for all filtrations.
</pre>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<h2>Calcification and Photosynthesis Measurements from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W</h2>
<h3>William M. Balch</h3>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Goal:</strong> To measure rates of calcification during the EqPac survey cruise from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W. We will be estimating calcification and photosynthesis using a <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C technique, as well as standing stock of calcite using a light scatter technique.</p>
<p><strong>Participants:</strong> Survey No. 2: William M. Balch, Katherine Kilpatrick</p>
<p><strong>Measurements, protocols and QA/QC:</strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C stock preparation:</strong> The <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock solution will be cleaned by acidification with sulfuric acid to drive off the CO<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> into the headspace of an enclosed glass vessel and the headspace gas recirculated through 1 ml of 1 <em>N</em> NaOH to collect the <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> . The 1 ml of NaOH will be subsequently diluted with Milli-Q water to a final activity of about 1 mCi per ml, 0.2 mm filter sterilized and stored in acid cleaned, sterile, glass vials with teflon screw caps. The stock will be removed with sterile, acid-cleaned, plastic micropipetters (not metal syringe needles). Addition of this alkaline stock to seawater at the levels we will be using changes the pH of the seawater by less than 0.01 pH units.</p>
<p><strong>Bottle preparation:</strong> All incubations will be done in 250 ml polycarbonate bottles. The bottles will have been soaked for 5 days in warm Alconox detergent solution (to avoid the ammonium contamination found in Micro detergent), rinsed 3 times and soaked over night with deionized water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water, then soaked 3 days in 20 % HCl solution, and rinsed 5 times in Milli-Q water. At sea, used bottles will be rinsed with isotope free filtered sea water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water and 90 ethanol to kill any bacterial/algal films adhering to the bottle walls, followed by a 10 % HCl rinse, then 3 rinses with Milli-Q water.</p>
<p><strong>Sampling protocol:</strong> Samples will be drawn from Niskin bottles before sunrise, and transferred to the 250 polycarbonate bottles (and kept in darkness). 20 mCi of <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock will be added to each bottle from the 10 depth cast, and the bottles will be either placed in the deck incubator or put in large mesh bags to be attached to the <em> in situ</em> arrays, then deployed. Samples will be incubated for 24 hours, after which the contents of each bottle will be split into two 100 ml aliquots, and filtered onto 0.4 mm nuclepore filters (these filters are required to maintain low interstitial water content, hence low background <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity). Each replicate filter will be fumed for 3 minutes in a desicator containing concentrated HCl to drive off activity due to calcite. Filters will then be placed in a scintillation cocktail, and radioactivity measured in a liquid scintillation counter on board the ship. Calcification rates are calculated based on the difference between the unfumed filter counts and the fumed filter counts.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> We will check our photosynthesis numbers against R. T. Barber's for internal consistancy, especially since different types of filters must be used. We will also check by filtering our own samples with the various filter types. Trace metal contamination will be checked by adding EDTA to a separate <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C incubation bottle and comparing this to the untreated control. A check on loss of organic material following fuming has been performed by incubating non-calcifying coccolithophore clones with <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C, and fuming as described above. When the filter activities were subtracted, the difference was zero, not a negative value, which demonstrates that no organic carbon is lost in the fuming procedure.</p>
<p><strong>Calcite standing stock measurements:</strong> The abundance of calcium carbonate coccoliths can be estimated continuously using an optical technique. Water is diverted from the autoanalyzer flow stream and run through a glass cuvette in front of a laser beam (660 nm light). Light scatter at 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> is measured with a photodiode, and this value will be recorded using a data logging system. Every 5 minutes, the stream passing the laser will be diluted with glacial acetic acid to drop the pH to 6, and dissolve calcium carbonate, and the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> scatter will be measured again. The difference in the scatter values represents the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> light scatter due to the acid labile fraction. This has been shown to be highly correlated to the standing stock of coccoliths (see Balch <em> et al.</em>, 1991; <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>; <strong>36</strong>: 629--643). These measurements will be run during transects and vertical profiles.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> The standing stock estimates will be calibrated using microscope counts made on the ship, as well as counts from samples preserved with Lugols solution. The microscope we use has polarization optics which allow the birefringent coccoliths to be easily counted (and any other calcium carbonate particles for that matter).</p>
from Cruise: TT049 <h1>Calcification and Photosynthesis Measurements from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W</h1>
<h2>William M. Balch</h2>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Goal:</strong> To measure rates of calcification during the EqPac survey cruise from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W. We will be estimating calcification and photosynthesis using a <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C technique, as well as standing stock of calcite using a light scatter technique.</p>
<p><strong>Participants:</strong> Survey No. 2: William M. Balch, Katherine Kilpatrick</p>
<p><strong>Measurements, protocols and QA/QC:</strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C stock preparation:</strong> The <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock solution will be cleaned by acidification with sulfuric acid to drive off the CO<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> into the headspace of an enclosed glass vessel and the headspace gas recirculated through 1 ml of 1 <em>N</em> NaOH to collect the <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> . The 1 ml of NaOH will be subsequently diluted with Milli-Q water to a final activity of about 1 mCi per ml, 0.2 mm filter sterilized and stored in acid cleaned, sterile, glass vials with teflon screw caps. The stock will be removed with sterile, acid-cleaned, plastic micropipetters (not metal syringe needles). Addition of this alkaline stock to seawater at the levels we will be using changes the pH of the seawater by less than 0.01 pH units.</p>
<p><strong>Bottle preparation:</strong> All incubations will be done in 250 ml polycarbonate bottles. The bottles will have been soaked for 5 days in warm Alconox detergent solution (to avoid the ammonium contamination found in Micro detergent), rinsed 3 times and soaked over night with deionized water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water, then soaked 3 days in 20 % HCl solution, and rinsed 5 times in Milli-Q water. At sea, used bottles will be rinsed with isotope free filtered sea water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water and 90 ethanol to kill any bacterial/algal films adhering to the bottle walls, followed by a 10 % HCl rinse, then 3 rinses with Milli-Q water.</p>
<p><strong>Sampling protocol:</strong> Samples will be drawn from Niskin bottles before sunrise, and transferred to the 250 polycarbonate bottles (and kept in darkness). 20 mCi of <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock will be added to each bottle from the 10 depth cast, and the bottles will be either placed in the deck incubator or put in large mesh bags to be attached to the <em> in situ</em> arrays, then deployed. Samples will be incubated for 24 hours, after which the contents of each bottle will be split into two 100 ml aliquots, and filtered onto 0.4 mm nuclepore filters (these filters are required to maintain low interstitial water content, hence low background <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity). Each replicate filter will be fumed for 3 minutes in a desicator containing concentrated HCl to drive off activity due to calcite. Filters will then be placed in a scintillation cocktail, and radioactivity measured in a liquid scintillation counter on board the ship. Calcification rates are calculated based on the difference between the unfumed filter counts and the fumed filter counts.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> We will check our photosynthesis numbers against R. T. Barber's for internal consistancy, especially since different types of filters must be used. We will also check by filtering our own samples with the various filter types. Trace metal contamination will be checked by adding EDTA to a separate <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C incubation bottle and comparing this to the untreated control. A check on loss of organic material following fuming has been performed by incubating non-calcifying coccolithophore clones with <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C, and fuming as described above. When the filter activities were subtracted, the difference was zero, not a negative value, which demonstrates that no organic carbon is lost in the fuming procedure.</p>
<p><strong>Calcite standing stock measurements:</strong> The abundance of calcium carbonate coccoliths can be estimated continuously using an optical technique. Water is diverted from the autoanalyzer flow stream and run through a glass cuvette in front of a laser beam (660 nm light). Light scatter at 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> is measured with a photodiode, and this value will be recorded using a data logging system. Every 5 minutes, the stream passing the laser will be diluted with glacial acetic acid to drop the pH to 6, and dissolve calcium carbonate, and the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> scatter will be measured again. The difference in the scatter values represents the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> light scatter due to the acid labile fraction. This has been shown to be highly correlated to the standing stock of coccoliths (see Balch <em> et al.</em>, 1991; <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>; <strong>36</strong>: 629--643). These measurements will be run during transects and vertical profiles.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> The standing stock estimates will be calibrated using microscope counts made on the ship, as well as counts from samples preserved with Lugols solution. The microscope we use has polarization optics which allow the birefringent coccoliths to be easily counted (and any other calcium carbonate particles for that matter).</p>
from Cruise: TT053 <h1>Calcification and Photosynthesis Measurements from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W</h1>
<h2>William M. Balch</h2>
<p> </p>
<hr />
<p><strong>Goal:</strong> To measure rates of calcification during the EqPac survey cruise from 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> N to 12<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> S along 140<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> W. We will be estimating calcification and photosynthesis using a <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C technique, as well as standing stock of calcite using a light scatter technique.</p>
<p><strong>Participants:</strong> Survey No. 2: William M. Balch, Katherine Kilpatrick</p>
<p><strong>Measurements, protocols and QA/QC:</strong></p>
<p><strong><img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C stock preparation:</strong> The <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock solution will be cleaned by acidification with sulfuric acid to drive off the CO<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_2.gif" /> into the headspace of an enclosed glass vessel and the headspace gas recirculated through 1 ml of 1 <em>N</em> NaOH to collect the <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> . The 1 ml of NaOH will be subsequently diluted with Milli-Q water to a final activity of about 1 mCi per ml, 0.2 mm filter sterilized and stored in acid cleaned, sterile, glass vials with teflon screw caps. The stock will be removed with sterile, acid-cleaned, plastic micropipetters (not metal syringe needles). Addition of this alkaline stock to seawater at the levels we will be using changes the pH of the seawater by less than 0.01 pH units.</p>
<p><strong>Bottle preparation:</strong> All incubations will be done in 250 ml polycarbonate bottles. The bottles will have been soaked for 5 days in warm Alconox detergent solution (to avoid the ammonium contamination found in Micro detergent), rinsed 3 times and soaked over night with deionized water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water, then soaked 3 days in 20 % HCl solution, and rinsed 5 times in Milli-Q water. At sea, used bottles will be rinsed with isotope free filtered sea water, rinsed once with Milli-Q water and 90 ethanol to kill any bacterial/algal films adhering to the bottle walls, followed by a 10 % HCl rinse, then 3 rinses with Milli-Q water.</p>
<p><strong>Sampling protocol:</strong> Samples will be drawn from Niskin bottles before sunrise, and transferred to the 250 polycarbonate bottles (and kept in darkness). 20 mCi of <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C-bicarbonate stock will be added to each bottle from the 10 depth cast, and the bottles will be either placed in the deck incubator or put in large mesh bags to be attached to the <em> in situ</em> arrays, then deployed. Samples will be incubated for 24 hours, after which the contents of each bottle will be split into two 100 ml aliquots, and filtered onto 0.4 mm nuclepore filters (these filters are required to maintain low interstitial water content, hence low background <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C activity). Each replicate filter will be fumed for 3 minutes in a desicator containing concentrated HCl to drive off activity due to calcite. Filters will then be placed in a scintillation cocktail, and radioactivity measured in a liquid scintillation counter on board the ship. Calcification rates are calculated based on the difference between the unfumed filter counts and the fumed filter counts.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> We will check our photosynthesis numbers against R. T. Barber's for internal consistancy, especially since different types of filters must be used. We will also check by filtering our own samples with the various filter types. Trace metal contamination will be checked by adding EDTA to a separate <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C incubation bottle and comparing this to the untreated control. A check on loss of organic material following fuming has been performed by incubating non-calcifying coccolithophore clones with <img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_14.gif" /> C, and fuming as described above. When the filter activities were subtracted, the difference was zero, not a negative value, which demonstrates that no organic carbon is lost in the fuming procedure.</p>
<p><strong>Calcite standing stock measurements:</strong> The abundance of calcium carbonate coccoliths can be estimated continuously using an optical technique. Water is diverted from the autoanalyzer flow stream and run through a glass cuvette in front of a laser beam (660 nm light). Light scatter at 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> is measured with a photodiode, and this value will be recorded using a data logging system. Every 5 minutes, the stream passing the laser will be diluted with glacial acetic acid to drop the pH to 6, and dissolve calcium carbonate, and the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> scatter will be measured again. The difference in the scatter values represents the 90<img src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/static/usjgofs.whoi.edu/smallgifs/tiny_o.gif" /> light scatter due to the acid labile fraction. This has been shown to be highly correlated to the standing stock of coccoliths (see Balch <em> et al.</em>, 1991; <em> Limnology and Oceanography</em>; <strong>36</strong>: 629--643). These measurements will be run during transects and vertical profiles.</p>
<p><strong>QA/QC:</strong> The standing stock estimates will be calibrated using microscope counts made on the ship, as well as counts from samples preserved with Lugols solution. The microscope we use has polarization optics which allow the birefringent coccoliths to be easily counted (and any other calcium carbonate particles for that matter).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin Bottle
Niskin Bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin Bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Niskin bottles are used to collect water samples. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: TT049
TT049
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT049
Richard Barber
Duke University
Cruise: TT053
TT053
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT053
William M. Balch
University of Miami
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel