http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2598
eng; USA
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dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
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2010-06-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Sediment trap data including biogenic particle fluxes from U.S. JGOFS sediment trap deployments in the North Atlantic in 1989 (U.S. JGOFS NABE project)
1995-06-07
publication
1995-06-07
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
1995-06-07
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2598
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Steven Manganini
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Honjo, S., Manganini, S. (1995) Sediment trap data including biogenic particle fluxes from U.S. JGOFS sediment trap deployments in the North Atlantic in 1989 (U.S. JGOFS NABE project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version June 7, 1995) Version Date 1995-06-07 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2598 [access date]
Sediment trap data, biogenic particle fluxes Methods and Sampling: <pre>
<b>PI:</b> Susumu Honjo and Steve Manganini
<b>of:</b> Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
<b>dataset:</b> Sediment trap data, biogenic particle fluxes
<b>dates:</b> April 4, 1989 to April 17, 1990
<b>location:</b> N: 48 S: 34 W: -21 E: -21
<b>project/cruise:</b> North Atlantic Bloom Experiment cruises
NOTES: specific for each trap
Trap #1 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 1071M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1248M
PERIODS 3 THRU 14, RESTRICTED COLLECTION DUE TO PARTIAL CLOGGING OF THE
SEDIMENT-TRAP APERTURE CAUSED BY A FISH-HEAD.
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIOD 27 - NO DATA, TOTAL CLOGGING OF THE SEDIMENT-TRAP APERTURE DUE TO
A FISH-HEAD OBSTRUCTION.
Trap #2 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 2067M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1894M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Trap #3 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 4564M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 4391M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIODS 9 AND 11 SAMPLES DESTROYED IN TRANSIT
Trap #1 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 1018M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1202M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Trap #2 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 2018M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 2200M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIODS 18 THRU 27 NO DATA, SEDIMENT TRAP APERTURE CLOGGED
Trap #3 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 3718M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 3749M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Reference: Honjo, S and Steven Manganini, 1992. Biogenic Particle Fluxes
at the 34N 21W and 48N 21W Stations, 1989-1990: Methods and Analytical
Data Compilation. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report
WHOI-92-15.
</pre>
<br>
<h2>Sediment Trap Particle Flux data during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment <br />
Dr. Susumu Honjo and Dr. Steven J. Manganini</h3>
<i>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</i>
<p> The following methods documentation was extracted from:
<dl>
<dt> Honjo, S, and S. J. Manganini, 1992.
<dd> Biogenic Particle Fluxes at the 34N 21W and 48N 21W Stations, 1989-1990:
Methods and Analytical Data Compilation. <i>Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Technical Report</i> <b>92-15</b>
</dl>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<h2>Methods</h2>
<h3> A. Deployment of Sediment Traps and Mooring Arrays</h3>
<p>
<ol>
<li> Location, depths and timing:
<p> Two deep ocean mooring arrays were deployed at about 34N (depth
to seafloor: 5,261 m and 5,083 m, for phase 1 and 2) and 48N (depth
to seafloor: 4,418 m and 4,451 m). Table 1 gives more detailed information
on mooring locations, trap depths and names of ships that were used
for deployment and recovery. Three PARFLUX Mark 7G-13 time-series
sediment traps with 13 rotary collectors on each were deployed on
both moorings for a total of 6 traps. At each of the stations, traps
were moored at approximately the same depth relative to the surface
and the sea- floor (for the deepest trap); 1 km and 2 km from the
surface and 0.7 km above bottom.
<pre>
TABLE 1
Sediment Trap deployments, North Atlantic Bloom Exp., Dr. S. Honjo
Mooring Stations and Trap Depths
Phase 1: Periods 1 to 13, April 3, 1989 to Sept. 26, 1989
Phase 2: Periods 14 to 27, Oct. 16, 1989 to April 16, 1990
Hiatus : Sept. 26 1989 to Oct 16, 1989
34N 21W Station 48N 21W Station
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 1 Phase 2
Latitude 33&deg;49.3'N 33&deg;48.4'N 47&deg;42.9'N 47&deg;43.6'N
Longitude 21&deg;00.5'W 21&deg;02.2'W 20&deg;52.5'W 20&deg;51.5'W
Bottom Depth ** 5,261 m 5,083 m 4,418 m 4,451 m
Trap Depth 1,070 m 1,248 m 1,018 m 1,202 m
" " 2,067 m 1,894 m 2,018 m 2,200 m
" " 4,564 m 4,391 m 3,718 m 3,749 m
Deployed by R/V Atlantis II R/V Endeavor R/V Atlantis II R/V Endeavor
Recovered by R/V Endeavor RRV Darwin R/V Endeavor RRV Darwin
** Depths are all corrected values
</pre>
Arrays were deployed in March and April 1989, recovered and redeployed
in September 1989, and totally recovered in April 1990 (Table 1). During
the 376-day deployment (including 20 days of hiatus in the middle),
each sediment trap was opened and closed 26 times, providing continuous
time-series sampling at 14-day intervals, except for two periods. Table
2 lists open/close schedules for which all the traps were uniformly
programmed during the experiment. An independent monitoring mechanism
installed with each trap (Honjo and Doherty, 1988) confirmed that the
entire program was executed correctly and on schedule.
<p>
<pre>
TABLE 2
Synchronized Open/Close Schedule for All Traps
at the 34N and 48N, 21W Stations
Period Mid Date Open/Close Date Days Open Elapsed Days
JD* CD* JD* CD*
1 96 04/06/89 93 04/03/89 5 5
2 105 04/15/89 98 04/08/89 14 19
3 119 04/29/89 112 04/22/89 14 33
4 133 05/13/89 126 05/06/89 14 47
5 148 05/29/89 140 05/20/89 17 64
6 164 06/13/89 157 06/06/89 14 78
7 178 06/27/89 171 06/20/89 14 92
8 192 07/11/89 185 07/04/89 14 106
9 206 07/25/89 199 07/18/89 14 120
10 220 08/08/89 213 08/01/89 14 134
11 234 08/22/89 226 08/15/89 14 148
12 248 09/05/89 241 08/29/89 14 162
13 262 09/19/89 255 09/12/89 14 176
14 279 10/06/89 269 09/26/89 20 196 (hiatus)
15 296 10/23/89 289 10/16/89 14 210
16 310 11/06/89 303 10/30/89 14 224
17 324 11/20/89 317 11/13/89 14 238
18 338 12/04/89 331 11/27/89 14 252
19 352 12/18/89 345 12/11/89 14 266
20 1 01/01/90 359 21/25/89 14 280
21 15 01/15/90 8 01/08/90 14 294
22 29 01/29/90 22 01/22/90 14 308
23 43 02/12/90 36 02/05/90 14 322
24 57 02/26/90 50 02/19/90 14 336
25 71 03/12/90 64 03/05/90 14 350
26 85 03/26/90 78 03/19/90 14 364
27 99 04/09/90 92 04/02/90 14 378
*CD = Calendar Date; JD = Julien Date
</pre>
<li> Time-series sediment traps:
<p> Each sediment trap had an aperture of 0.5 m2, covered by baffles
with 25mm diameter cells with the aspect ratio of 2.5. The included
cone angle was 42 degrees and the structural frame was built of welded
titanium The opening and closing of all 6 traps was synchronized with
an error of less than one minute. The sample containers, 13 for each
trap, were filled with in situ deep sea water were collected by a
30 liter Niskin bottle prior to the deployment. Analytical grade formalin
(S. Wakeham; personal communication, 1988) was added to make a 3%
solution buffered with 0.1% sodium borate. Each of the 13 sample containers
was completely filled with this sea water solution with preservative
before the deployment of a trap. Individual sample containers were
mechanically sealed from the ambient water before and after each collecting
period (Honjo and Doherty, 1988).
<p>
<li> Mooring array:
<p> The mooring design was based on the PARFLUX Sediment Trap Mooring
Dynamics Package that has been used by us since 1979 (Honjo et al.,
1992). A detailed design, parts listing and tension calculation of
the NABE mooring array is available in Manganini and Krishfield, 1992,
Cruise Report. The arrays were designed to maintain an average of
180 kg of vertical tension throughout the tautline, with a total buoyancy
of 1,114 kg that was balanced with a 1,590 kg (in-water weight) cast-iron
anchor. Sediment traps were attached to a mooring in-line with three
1-m polyethylene-jacketed bridles. The automatic collection mechanism
(Honjo and Doherty, 1988) of the 6 sediment traps worked flawlessly
throughout the duration of the experiment and provided us with a total
of 156 samples each of which represents an individual key to the time-space
matrix for the NABE experiment.
</ol>
<p>
<h3> B. Laboratory Analysis</h3>
<ol>
<li> Pre-analysis treatment of samples:
<p> We measured the pH in supernatant in sample containers immediately
after recovery of traps (Manganini and Krishfield, 1992, Cruise Report).
Sample containers were then refrigerated on board at approximately
2 to 4 degree C. Particle samples in (original) 250 ml, polyethylene
centrifuging sample containers were transported to Woods Hole under
refrigeration at approximately 1 to 2 degree C. We identified no swimmers
from all samples collected by our experiment. The impact of swimmers,
if any, was relatively small; it appears that they were all included
with the >1 mm fractions.
<p>
<li> Supernatant analysis:
<p> In the shore laboratory, first the liquid in a sample container
was decanted and then filtered through a 0.45 um pore size Nucleopore
filter leaving approximately 1/3 of the original volume. About 50
ml of filtered liquid was then analyzed for total N, NO2, NO3, NH4,
P, PO4 and SiO2 using an automatic nutrient analyzer (e.g. Grasshoff
et al. 1983). We regarded all excess quantities above the ambient
concentration as being dissolved from the trapped particles while
stored in situ before the recovery and added to the particle fluxes
after being stochastically converted to solids. The remaining liquid
in the sampling containers was used as rinse water in the processing
of the particulate portion in each specific sample. When additional
rinse water was required during the course of analysis, for example,
for sample splitting we used filtered and buffered deep Sargasso Sea
water containing 3% formalin.
<p>
<li>Water sieving:
<p> Particle samples were water-sieved through a 1-mm Nitex mesh. This
was necessary to maintain precision during splitting of the major
portion of the sediment that was <1 mm. Common particles in the >1
mm fraction were large aggregates and fragmented gelatinous zooplankton.
A sample caught in the 1 mm mesh was then re-suspended in the original
seawater, stirred gently and poured onto a grid-printed, 47-mm Nucleopore
filter with 2-um pore size, while applying gentle vacuum suction.
While a sample on a filter was wet, the filter with the >1 mm fraction
was cut into 4 equal pieces along the printed grid by a Teflon-coated
blade; each aliquot was then immediately put back into the filtered
original water for storage. When a >1 mm sample was too small to split,
it was dried and homogenized by pulverization.
<p> Sediment that passed through the 1 mm mesh was further water- sieved
through a 62-um Nitex sieve. Each fraction was split into 1/4 aliquots
and then into 1/40 aliquots by a rotating wet- sediment splitter with
4 and 10 splitting heads (Honjo, 1980). The average error during the
splitting of NABE samples into 4 or 10 aliquots was 3.7% for the <1
mm fraction. Wet splitting of the trap-collected sample is justified
for multi-disciplinary research including biocoenosis studies. Once
particle samples are dried, each becomes inseparable and unidentifiable.
Consequently, biocoenosis research such as picking up foraminifera
tests or identifying diatom frustules becomes impossible.
<p>
<li> Total dry mass measurement:
<p> Dry mass was determined by weighing two 1/4 aliquots of >1 mm (whose
flux was usually insignificant) and three 1/10 aliquots of <1 mm samples
on pre-weighed 47 mm, 0.45 um Nucleopore filters. Before weighing,
the samples were rinsed 3 times with distilled water, dried in an
oven at 60 deg. C for 24 hours and cooled in a desiccator for 4 hours.
Total flux was calculated from dry weight of the above aliquots divided
by aperture area of the trap and the time it was opened.
<p>
<li>Sedimentary component analyses:
<p> The dried sample was pulverized and homogenized, then the two size
fractions were recombined proportionally and analyzed with respect
to concentrations of:
<pre>
a) Carbonate: as CaCO3
b) Biogenic Opal
c) Organic carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen in the decalcified
fraction
d) Phosphorus
</pre>
a) Carbonate content was determined by a method based on a vacuum-gasometric
technique developed by Ostermann, et al. (1989). A preweighed sample
is introduced into a sealed reaction vessel containing concentrated
phosphoric acid. The pressure due to the evolution of CO2 gas is proportional
to the carbonate content when calibrated with appropriate standards
and was recorded by a transducer. The results were calculated and reported
as carbonate percent in the total sample.
<p> b) Biogenic opal was estimated from particulate, reactive Si, selectively
leaching decalcified samples in a sodium carbonate solution (Eggimann,
et al., 1980) and converting the Si content to SiO2 fluxes. A preweighed
sample of approximately 10 mg along with 10 ml of 1 M Na2CO3 was sealed
in a Teflon container. The samples were placed in a shaker bath at
90 deg. C for 3 hours and then filtered through a 47-mm-diameter,
0.45 um pore size Nucleopore filter using an all-plastic filtering
apparatus. The filtrate at room temperature was neutralized with 0.2
N HCl using methyl orange as an indicator. After appropriate dilution,
content of Si was determined spectrophotometrically (Strickland and
Parsons, 1972). The Si content was then converted to SiO2 and reported
as particulate opal flux.
<p> c) Organic carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen were analyzed using a Perkin-Elmer
Elemental Analyzer Model 240C. Preweighed samples on precombusted
glass fiber filters were decalcified using 1N phosphoric acid.
<p> d) Reactive (biogenic) phosphorus content was determined by the
Solorzano and Sharp method that was based on the dissolution of phosphorus
by an acid after ashing, using MgSO4 as an oxidant. A preweighed sample
was placed into a glass centrifuge tube along with 2 ml of 0.017 M
MgSO4 and was dried at 90 degree C. The centrifuge tube containing
the sample was ashed at 500 deg. C for 2 hours. After cooling, 5 ml
of 0.2 M HCl was added and, with the centrifuge tube capped, was heated
at 80 deg. C for 30 min. At room temperature, 5 ml of distilled H2O
with one ml of reagent (Strickland and Parsons, 1972) was added and
the centrifuge tube was shaken in a vortex shaker, then centrifuged.
The concentration of phosphorus was determined spectrophotometrically
in the supernatant and the results were reported as particulate phosphorus
flux.
<p> Using the reported method, the lithogenic particles were too small
to detect and were usually within the analytical error.
</ol>
<h3> C. Restoration of dissolved components to particulate flux</h3>
The dissolution of collected particles in a bottle may occur as soon as
particles arrive in the bottle while it is open, or later when it is sealed.
Assuming that all dissolved portions remained in the recovered bottle, we
restored the dissolved components of Si, P and N by analyzing the supernatants
in sample bottles. We assumed that the elevated concentration above the
sea water initially used to fill the bottles was caused by dissolved components.
During the deployment of a trap, the sample bottles were open to the water
column only for the duration of collecting periods. While a bottle was open,
the bottle water which was placed in the bottle before deployment is exchanged
with ambient water. In case the nutrient concentration of the initial bottle
water is not equal to that of the ambient water, a correction had to be
made; we assumed that one half of the initial water was diluted by the ambient
water while the bottle was open. In practice, the effect on calculating
particle flux by the difference of nutrients in the initial sea water was
within analytical error.
<p>
<dl>References:
<dt>Grassholf, K., Ehrhardt, M. and Kremling K.,(eds), 1983
<dd> Method of Sea-Water Analysis. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.
<dt>Honjo, S. and Doherty, K. W., 1988.
<dd> Large Aperture Time-series Sediment Traps; Design Objectives, Construction
and Application. Deep-Sea Research, 35(1): 133-149.
<dt>Honjo, S., Manganini, S.J., and Krishfield, R., 1989.
<dd> Cruise Report: JOGFS Leg 1, International Study of the North Atlantic
Bloom, R/V Atlantis II Voyage 119.2, Funchal to Reykjavik, March/April
1989. WHOI Technical Report WHOI-89-22, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
<dt>Honjo, S., Spencer, D.W. and Gardner, W.D., 1992.
<dd> Sediment Trap Intercomparison Study in the Panama Basin, Deep-Sea
Research, 39: 333-358.
<dt>Manganini, S.J. and Krishfield, R., (in preparation)
<dd> Cruise Report: JGOFS Trap Deployment Legs 2 and 3, International
Study of the North Atlantic Bloom, R/V Endeavor, Voyage 203 and HMS
Charles Darwin 45B, WHOI Technical Report, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution.
<dt>Ostermann,D.R., Karbott, D., and Curry, W.B., 1990.
<dd> Automated System to Measure the Carbonate Concentration of Sediments.
WHOI Technical Report, WHOI-90-03, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
<dt>Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons, T.R., 1972.
<dd> A Practical Handbook of Seaweater Analysis. Fisheries Research Board
of Canada, Bulletin 169, 2nd edition, Ottawa, Canada.
</dl>
Funding provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number: unknown NABE NSF
completed
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
USA
shonjo@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Steven Manganini
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2778
Geology & Geophysics Clark 101 (MS #23)
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
smanganini@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: June 7, 1995
Unknown
mooring
trap
lat_n
lon_n
depth_n
period
date_open
days
mass_f
mass_f_gt1
mass_f_lt1
CO3_f
Ca_CO3_f
pic_f
pon_f
poc_f
SiO2_f_tot
SiO2_p_f
SiO2_diss_f
Si_opal_f
P_f_tot
P_p_f
P_diss_f
Sediment Trap
theme
None, User defined
mooring identification
No BCO-DMO term
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Sediment Trap
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
NABE_N34
NABE_N48
EN203
AII-119-2
Darwin_45B
service
Deployment Activity
U.S. JGOFS North Atlantic
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/research/nabe.html
U.S. JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment
<p>One of the first major activities of JGOFS was a multinational pilot project, North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE), carried out along longitude 20° West in 1989 through 1991. The United States participated in 1989 only, with the April deployment of two sediment trap arrays at 48° and 34° North. Three process-oriented cruises where conducted, April through July 1989, from R/V <em>Atlantis II</em> and R/V <em>Endeavor</em> focusing on sites at 46° and 59° North. Coordination of the NABE process-study cruises was supported by NSF-OCE award # 8814229. Ancillary sea surface mapping and AXBT profiling data were collected from NASA's P3 aircraft for a series of one day flights, April through June 1989.</p>
<p>A detailed description of NABE and the initial synthesis of the complete program data collection efforts appear in: Topical Studies in Oceanography, JGOFS: The North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (1993), Deep-Sea Research II, Volume 40 No. 1/2.</p>
<p>The U.S. JGOFS Data management office compiled a preliminary NABE data report of U.S. activities: Slagle, R. and G. Heimerdinger, 1991. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, North Atlantic Bloom Experiment, Process Study Data Report P-1, April-July 1989. NODC/U.S. JGOFS Data Management Office, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 315 pp. (out of print).</p>
NABE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
U.S. JGOFS North Atlantic
1995-06-07
North Atlantic
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Sediment trap data including biogenic particle fluxes from U.S. JGOFS sediment trap deployments in the North Atlantic in 1989 (U.S. JGOFS NABE project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10522.rdf
Name: mooring
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>sediment trap mooring array identifer</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10523.rdf
Name: trap
Units: unknown
Description: <p>sediment trap number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10524.rdf
Name: lat_n
Units: whole degrees N
Description: <p>nominal latitude of sediment trap mooring</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10525.rdf
Name: lon_n
Units: whole degrees W
Description: <p>nominal longitude of sediment trap mooring</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10526.rdf
Name: depth_n
Units: meters
Description: <p>nominal depth of sediment trap</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10527.rdf
Name: period
Units: unknown
Description: <p>originator created sample ID, identifies a specific sampling period during the trap deployment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10528.rdf
Name: date_open
Units: unknown
Description: <p>date sediment trap opened reported as yyyymmdd</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10529.rdf
Name: days
Units: unknown
Description: <p>number of days sediment trap open</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10530.rdf
Name: mass_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>mass particulate flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10531.rdf
Name: mass_f_gt1
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>mass particulate flux, grain size greater than 1mm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10532.rdf
Name: mass_f_lt1
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>mass particulate flux, grain size less than 1mm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10533.rdf
Name: CO3_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>total carbonate flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10534.rdf
Name: Ca_CO3_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>calcium in carbonate flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10535.rdf
Name: pic_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10536.rdf
Name: pon_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>particulate organic nitrogen flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10537.rdf
Name: poc_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10538.rdf
Name: SiO2_f_tot
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>total silicate (SiO2) flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10539.rdf
Name: SiO2_p_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>particulate silicate flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10540.rdf
Name: SiO2_diss_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>dissolved silicate flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10541.rdf
Name: Si_opal_f
Units: mg/m2/day
Description: <p>Silica flux in opal</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10542.rdf
Name: P_f_tot
Units: ug/m2/day
Description: <p>total phosphorus flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10543.rdf
Name: P_p_f
Units: ug/m2/day
Description: <p>particulate phosphorus flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/10544.rdf
Name: P_diss_f
Units: ug/m2/day
Description: <p>dissolved phosphorus flux</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
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For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
18925
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/ZZZgKQ6fox0yO5/sediment.csv
sediment.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 2598
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2598/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<pre>
<b>PI:</b> Susumu Honjo and Steve Manganini
<b>of:</b> Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
<b>dataset:</b> Sediment trap data, biogenic particle fluxes
<b>dates:</b> April 4, 1989 to April 17, 1990
<b>location:</b> N: 48 S: 34 W: -21 E: -21
<b>project/cruise:</b> North Atlantic Bloom Experiment cruises
NOTES: specific for each trap
Trap #1 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 1071M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1248M
PERIODS 3 THRU 14, RESTRICTED COLLECTION DUE TO PARTIAL CLOGGING OF THE
SEDIMENT-TRAP APERTURE CAUSED BY A FISH-HEAD.
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIOD 27 - NO DATA, TOTAL CLOGGING OF THE SEDIMENT-TRAP APERTURE DUE TO
A FISH-HEAD OBSTRUCTION.
Trap #2 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 2067M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1894M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Trap #3 at 34N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 4564M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 4391M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIODS 9 AND 11 SAMPLES DESTROYED IN TRANSIT
Trap #1 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 1018M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 1202M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Trap #2 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 2018M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 2200M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
PERIODS 18 THRU 27 NO DATA, SEDIMENT TRAP APERTURE CLOGGED
Trap #3 at 48N - 21W
PERIODS 1 THRU 13 TRAP DEPTH = 3718M
PERIODS 14 THRU 27 TRAP DEPTH = 3749M
PERIOD 14 - NO DATA, MOORING REDEPLOYMENT
Reference: Honjo, S and Steven Manganini, 1992. Biogenic Particle Fluxes
at the 34N 21W and 48N 21W Stations, 1989-1990: Methods and Analytical
Data Compilation. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report
WHOI-92-15.
</pre>
<br>
<h2>Sediment Trap Particle Flux data during the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment <br />
Dr. Susumu Honjo and Dr. Steven J. Manganini</h3>
<i>Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution</i>
<p> The following methods documentation was extracted from:
<dl>
<dt> Honjo, S, and S. J. Manganini, 1992.
<dd> Biogenic Particle Fluxes at the 34N 21W and 48N 21W Stations, 1989-1990:
Methods and Analytical Data Compilation. <i>Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, Technical Report</i> <b>92-15</b>
</dl>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
<h2>Methods</h2>
<h3> A. Deployment of Sediment Traps and Mooring Arrays</h3>
<p>
<ol>
<li> Location, depths and timing:
<p> Two deep ocean mooring arrays were deployed at about 34N (depth
to seafloor: 5,261 m and 5,083 m, for phase 1 and 2) and 48N (depth
to seafloor: 4,418 m and 4,451 m). Table 1 gives more detailed information
on mooring locations, trap depths and names of ships that were used
for deployment and recovery. Three PARFLUX Mark 7G-13 time-series
sediment traps with 13 rotary collectors on each were deployed on
both moorings for a total of 6 traps. At each of the stations, traps
were moored at approximately the same depth relative to the surface
and the sea- floor (for the deepest trap); 1 km and 2 km from the
surface and 0.7 km above bottom.
<pre>
TABLE 1
Sediment Trap deployments, North Atlantic Bloom Exp., Dr. S. Honjo
Mooring Stations and Trap Depths
Phase 1: Periods 1 to 13, April 3, 1989 to Sept. 26, 1989
Phase 2: Periods 14 to 27, Oct. 16, 1989 to April 16, 1990
Hiatus : Sept. 26 1989 to Oct 16, 1989
34N 21W Station 48N 21W Station
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 1 Phase 2
Latitude 33&deg;49.3'N 33&deg;48.4'N 47&deg;42.9'N 47&deg;43.6'N
Longitude 21&deg;00.5'W 21&deg;02.2'W 20&deg;52.5'W 20&deg;51.5'W
Bottom Depth ** 5,261 m 5,083 m 4,418 m 4,451 m
Trap Depth 1,070 m 1,248 m 1,018 m 1,202 m
" " 2,067 m 1,894 m 2,018 m 2,200 m
" " 4,564 m 4,391 m 3,718 m 3,749 m
Deployed by R/V Atlantis II R/V Endeavor R/V Atlantis II R/V Endeavor
Recovered by R/V Endeavor RRV Darwin R/V Endeavor RRV Darwin
** Depths are all corrected values
</pre>
Arrays were deployed in March and April 1989, recovered and redeployed
in September 1989, and totally recovered in April 1990 (Table 1). During
the 376-day deployment (including 20 days of hiatus in the middle),
each sediment trap was opened and closed 26 times, providing continuous
time-series sampling at 14-day intervals, except for two periods. Table
2 lists open/close schedules for which all the traps were uniformly
programmed during the experiment. An independent monitoring mechanism
installed with each trap (Honjo and Doherty, 1988) confirmed that the
entire program was executed correctly and on schedule.
<p>
<pre>
TABLE 2
Synchronized Open/Close Schedule for All Traps
at the 34N and 48N, 21W Stations
Period Mid Date Open/Close Date Days Open Elapsed Days
JD* CD* JD* CD*
1 96 04/06/89 93 04/03/89 5 5
2 105 04/15/89 98 04/08/89 14 19
3 119 04/29/89 112 04/22/89 14 33
4 133 05/13/89 126 05/06/89 14 47
5 148 05/29/89 140 05/20/89 17 64
6 164 06/13/89 157 06/06/89 14 78
7 178 06/27/89 171 06/20/89 14 92
8 192 07/11/89 185 07/04/89 14 106
9 206 07/25/89 199 07/18/89 14 120
10 220 08/08/89 213 08/01/89 14 134
11 234 08/22/89 226 08/15/89 14 148
12 248 09/05/89 241 08/29/89 14 162
13 262 09/19/89 255 09/12/89 14 176
14 279 10/06/89 269 09/26/89 20 196 (hiatus)
15 296 10/23/89 289 10/16/89 14 210
16 310 11/06/89 303 10/30/89 14 224
17 324 11/20/89 317 11/13/89 14 238
18 338 12/04/89 331 11/27/89 14 252
19 352 12/18/89 345 12/11/89 14 266
20 1 01/01/90 359 21/25/89 14 280
21 15 01/15/90 8 01/08/90 14 294
22 29 01/29/90 22 01/22/90 14 308
23 43 02/12/90 36 02/05/90 14 322
24 57 02/26/90 50 02/19/90 14 336
25 71 03/12/90 64 03/05/90 14 350
26 85 03/26/90 78 03/19/90 14 364
27 99 04/09/90 92 04/02/90 14 378
*CD = Calendar Date; JD = Julien Date
</pre>
<li> Time-series sediment traps:
<p> Each sediment trap had an aperture of 0.5 m2, covered by baffles
with 25mm diameter cells with the aspect ratio of 2.5. The included
cone angle was 42 degrees and the structural frame was built of welded
titanium The opening and closing of all 6 traps was synchronized with
an error of less than one minute. The sample containers, 13 for each
trap, were filled with in situ deep sea water were collected by a
30 liter Niskin bottle prior to the deployment. Analytical grade formalin
(S. Wakeham; personal communication, 1988) was added to make a 3%
solution buffered with 0.1% sodium borate. Each of the 13 sample containers
was completely filled with this sea water solution with preservative
before the deployment of a trap. Individual sample containers were
mechanically sealed from the ambient water before and after each collecting
period (Honjo and Doherty, 1988).
<p>
<li> Mooring array:
<p> The mooring design was based on the PARFLUX Sediment Trap Mooring
Dynamics Package that has been used by us since 1979 (Honjo et al.,
1992). A detailed design, parts listing and tension calculation of
the NABE mooring array is available in Manganini and Krishfield, 1992,
Cruise Report. The arrays were designed to maintain an average of
180 kg of vertical tension throughout the tautline, with a total buoyancy
of 1,114 kg that was balanced with a 1,590 kg (in-water weight) cast-iron
anchor. Sediment traps were attached to a mooring in-line with three
1-m polyethylene-jacketed bridles. The automatic collection mechanism
(Honjo and Doherty, 1988) of the 6 sediment traps worked flawlessly
throughout the duration of the experiment and provided us with a total
of 156 samples each of which represents an individual key to the time-space
matrix for the NABE experiment.
</ol>
<p>
<h3> B. Laboratory Analysis</h3>
<ol>
<li> Pre-analysis treatment of samples:
<p> We measured the pH in supernatant in sample containers immediately
after recovery of traps (Manganini and Krishfield, 1992, Cruise Report).
Sample containers were then refrigerated on board at approximately
2 to 4 degree C. Particle samples in (original) 250 ml, polyethylene
centrifuging sample containers were transported to Woods Hole under
refrigeration at approximately 1 to 2 degree C. We identified no swimmers
from all samples collected by our experiment. The impact of swimmers,
if any, was relatively small; it appears that they were all included
with the >1 mm fractions.
<p>
<li> Supernatant analysis:
<p> In the shore laboratory, first the liquid in a sample container
was decanted and then filtered through a 0.45 um pore size Nucleopore
filter leaving approximately 1/3 of the original volume. About 50
ml of filtered liquid was then analyzed for total N, NO2, NO3, NH4,
P, PO4 and SiO2 using an automatic nutrient analyzer (e.g. Grasshoff
et al. 1983). We regarded all excess quantities above the ambient
concentration as being dissolved from the trapped particles while
stored in situ before the recovery and added to the particle fluxes
after being stochastically converted to solids. The remaining liquid
in the sampling containers was used as rinse water in the processing
of the particulate portion in each specific sample. When additional
rinse water was required during the course of analysis, for example,
for sample splitting we used filtered and buffered deep Sargasso Sea
water containing 3% formalin.
<p>
<li>Water sieving:
<p> Particle samples were water-sieved through a 1-mm Nitex mesh. This
was necessary to maintain precision during splitting of the major
portion of the sediment that was <1 mm. Common particles in the >1
mm fraction were large aggregates and fragmented gelatinous zooplankton.
A sample caught in the 1 mm mesh was then re-suspended in the original
seawater, stirred gently and poured onto a grid-printed, 47-mm Nucleopore
filter with 2-um pore size, while applying gentle vacuum suction.
While a sample on a filter was wet, the filter with the >1 mm fraction
was cut into 4 equal pieces along the printed grid by a Teflon-coated
blade; each aliquot was then immediately put back into the filtered
original water for storage. When a >1 mm sample was too small to split,
it was dried and homogenized by pulverization.
<p> Sediment that passed through the 1 mm mesh was further water- sieved
through a 62-um Nitex sieve. Each fraction was split into 1/4 aliquots
and then into 1/40 aliquots by a rotating wet- sediment splitter with
4 and 10 splitting heads (Honjo, 1980). The average error during the
splitting of NABE samples into 4 or 10 aliquots was 3.7% for the <1
mm fraction. Wet splitting of the trap-collected sample is justified
for multi-disciplinary research including biocoenosis studies. Once
particle samples are dried, each becomes inseparable and unidentifiable.
Consequently, biocoenosis research such as picking up foraminifera
tests or identifying diatom frustules becomes impossible.
<p>
<li> Total dry mass measurement:
<p> Dry mass was determined by weighing two 1/4 aliquots of >1 mm (whose
flux was usually insignificant) and three 1/10 aliquots of <1 mm samples
on pre-weighed 47 mm, 0.45 um Nucleopore filters. Before weighing,
the samples were rinsed 3 times with distilled water, dried in an
oven at 60 deg. C for 24 hours and cooled in a desiccator for 4 hours.
Total flux was calculated from dry weight of the above aliquots divided
by aperture area of the trap and the time it was opened.
<p>
<li>Sedimentary component analyses:
<p> The dried sample was pulverized and homogenized, then the two size
fractions were recombined proportionally and analyzed with respect
to concentrations of:
<pre>
a) Carbonate: as CaCO3
b) Biogenic Opal
c) Organic carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen in the decalcified
fraction
d) Phosphorus
</pre>
a) Carbonate content was determined by a method based on a vacuum-gasometric
technique developed by Ostermann, et al. (1989). A preweighed sample
is introduced into a sealed reaction vessel containing concentrated
phosphoric acid. The pressure due to the evolution of CO2 gas is proportional
to the carbonate content when calibrated with appropriate standards
and was recorded by a transducer. The results were calculated and reported
as carbonate percent in the total sample.
<p> b) Biogenic opal was estimated from particulate, reactive Si, selectively
leaching decalcified samples in a sodium carbonate solution (Eggimann,
et al., 1980) and converting the Si content to SiO2 fluxes. A preweighed
sample of approximately 10 mg along with 10 ml of 1 M Na2CO3 was sealed
in a Teflon container. The samples were placed in a shaker bath at
90 deg. C for 3 hours and then filtered through a 47-mm-diameter,
0.45 um pore size Nucleopore filter using an all-plastic filtering
apparatus. The filtrate at room temperature was neutralized with 0.2
N HCl using methyl orange as an indicator. After appropriate dilution,
content of Si was determined spectrophotometrically (Strickland and
Parsons, 1972). The Si content was then converted to SiO2 and reported
as particulate opal flux.
<p> c) Organic carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen were analyzed using a Perkin-Elmer
Elemental Analyzer Model 240C. Preweighed samples on precombusted
glass fiber filters were decalcified using 1N phosphoric acid.
<p> d) Reactive (biogenic) phosphorus content was determined by the
Solorzano and Sharp method that was based on the dissolution of phosphorus
by an acid after ashing, using MgSO4 as an oxidant. A preweighed sample
was placed into a glass centrifuge tube along with 2 ml of 0.017 M
MgSO4 and was dried at 90 degree C. The centrifuge tube containing
the sample was ashed at 500 deg. C for 2 hours. After cooling, 5 ml
of 0.2 M HCl was added and, with the centrifuge tube capped, was heated
at 80 deg. C for 30 min. At room temperature, 5 ml of distilled H2O
with one ml of reagent (Strickland and Parsons, 1972) was added and
the centrifuge tube was shaken in a vortex shaker, then centrifuged.
The concentration of phosphorus was determined spectrophotometrically
in the supernatant and the results were reported as particulate phosphorus
flux.
<p> Using the reported method, the lithogenic particles were too small
to detect and were usually within the analytical error.
</ol>
<h3> C. Restoration of dissolved components to particulate flux</h3>
The dissolution of collected particles in a bottle may occur as soon as
particles arrive in the bottle while it is open, or later when it is sealed.
Assuming that all dissolved portions remained in the recovered bottle, we
restored the dissolved components of Si, P and N by analyzing the supernatants
in sample bottles. We assumed that the elevated concentration above the
sea water initially used to fill the bottles was caused by dissolved components.
During the deployment of a trap, the sample bottles were open to the water
column only for the duration of collecting periods. While a bottle was open,
the bottle water which was placed in the bottle before deployment is exchanged
with ambient water. In case the nutrient concentration of the initial bottle
water is not equal to that of the ambient water, a correction had to be
made; we assumed that one half of the initial water was diluted by the ambient
water while the bottle was open. In practice, the effect on calculating
particle flux by the difference of nutrients in the initial sea water was
within analytical error.
<p>
<dl>References:
<dt>Grassholf, K., Ehrhardt, M. and Kremling K.,(eds), 1983
<dd> Method of Sea-Water Analysis. Weinheim, Verlag Chemie.
<dt>Honjo, S. and Doherty, K. W., 1988.
<dd> Large Aperture Time-series Sediment Traps; Design Objectives, Construction
and Application. Deep-Sea Research, 35(1): 133-149.
<dt>Honjo, S., Manganini, S.J., and Krishfield, R., 1989.
<dd> Cruise Report: JOGFS Leg 1, International Study of the North Atlantic
Bloom, R/V Atlantis II Voyage 119.2, Funchal to Reykjavik, March/April
1989. WHOI Technical Report WHOI-89-22, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
<dt>Honjo, S., Spencer, D.W. and Gardner, W.D., 1992.
<dd> Sediment Trap Intercomparison Study in the Panama Basin, Deep-Sea
Research, 39: 333-358.
<dt>Manganini, S.J. and Krishfield, R., (in preparation)
<dd> Cruise Report: JGOFS Trap Deployment Legs 2 and 3, International
Study of the North Atlantic Bloom, R/V Endeavor, Voyage 203 and HMS
Charles Darwin 45B, WHOI Technical Report, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution.
<dt>Ostermann,D.R., Karbott, D., and Curry, W.B., 1990.
<dd> Automated System to Measure the Carbonate Concentration of Sediments.
WHOI Technical Report, WHOI-90-03, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
<dt>Strickland, J.D.H. and Parsons, T.R., 1972.
<dd> A Practical Handbook of Seaweater Analysis. Fisheries Research Board
of Canada, Bulletin 169, 2nd edition, Ottawa, Canada.
</dl>
from Cruise: EN203 <p>recovery and redeployment of sediment traps </p>
from Cruise: AII-119-2 <pre>
Sediment trap deployment and recovery cruises:
R/V Atlantis II cruise 119 leg 2 (also called JGOFS leg 1)
Dates: March 28 - April 6, 1989
Chief Scientist: S. Honjo
Purpose: deploy both sediment trap mooring arrays
</pre>
from Cruise: Darwin_45B <per>
RRS Charles Darwin cruise 45B
Dates: April 1990
Chief Scientist: S. Manganini
Purpose: final recovery of both sediment trap arrays
</per>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Sediment Trap
Sediment Trap
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sediment Trap Instrument Name: Sediment Trap Instrument Short Name:Sediment Trap Instrument Description: Sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a jar at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. This designation is used when the specific type of sediment trap was not specified by the contributing investigator. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/
Deployment: NABE_N34
NABE_N34
JGOFS Sediment Trap
mooring
NABE_N34
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Deployment: NABE_N48
NABE_N48
JGOFS Sediment Trap
mooring
NABE_N48
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: EN203
EN203
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN203
Steven Manganini
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: AII-119-2
AII-119-2
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantis II
vessel
AII-119-2
Susumu Honjo
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: Darwin_45B
Darwin_45B
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RRS Charles Darwin
vessel
Darwin_45B
Steven Manganini
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
JGOFS Sediment Trap
mooring
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel