| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hedges, John | University of Washington (UW) | Principal Investigator |
| Lee, Cindy | Stony Brook University (SUNY Stony Brook) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Wakeham, Stuart | Skidaway Institute of Oceanography (SkIO) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Chandler, Cynthia L. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
See Platform deployments for cruise specific documentation
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| sta | station number from event log | |
| lat_n | nominal latitude of mooring in whole degrees (negative = south) | degrees |
| lon_n | nominal longitude of mooring in whole degrees (negative = west) | degrees |
| event | event/operation number from event log | |
| depth_t | depth of trap | meters |
| pm_f | total particulate mass flux; amount of sinking particulate matter passing through a depth level in the water column | mg/m^2/day |
| POC | organic carbon in total particulates determined by aqueous acidification (salt-corrected wt.) | weight percent |
| N_p_tot | total nitrogen in total particulates salt-corrected wt.) | weight percent |
| PIC | inorganic carbon in total determined by deducting POC from total particulate carbon (salt-corrected) | particulates |
| lyxose | lyxose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| arabinose | arabinose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| rhamnose | rhamnose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| ribose | ribose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| xylose | xylose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| fucose | fucose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| mannose | mannose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| galactose | galactose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| glucose | glucose monomer of total carbohydrates | weight percent |
| carb_tot_POC_ratio | weight ratio of mg total carbohydrates per 100mg organic carbon in particulate matter | mg per 100mg |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Floating Sediment Trap |
| Generic Instrument Name | Sediment Trap - Floating |
| Generic Instrument Description | Floating sediment traps are specially designed sampling devices deployed to float in the water column (as opposed to being secured to a mooring at a fixed depth) for periods of time to collect particles from the water column that are falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a container at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. The 'Sediment Trap -Floating' designation is used for a floating type of sediment trap about which no other design details are known. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Thomas G. Thompson |
| Start Date | 1992-01-30 |
| End Date | 1992-03-13 |
| Description | Purpose: Spring Survey Cruise; 12°N-12°S at 140°W
TT007 was one of five cruises conducted in 1992 in support of the U.S. Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) Process Study. The five EqPac cruises aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson included two repeat meridional sections (12°N - 12°S), 2 equatorial surveys, and a benthic survey (all at 140° W). The scientific objectives of this study were to observe the processes in the Equatorial Pacific controlling the fluxes of carbon and related elements between the atmosphere, euphotic zone, and deep ocean. As luck would have it, the survey window coincided with an El Nino event. A bonus for the research team. Methods & Sampling PI: John Hedges (Hedges/Lee/Wakeham) dataset: Particulate C, N and carbohydrates from floating sediment traps dates: February 04, 1992 to March 07, 1992 location: N: 11.9988 S: -12.0082 W: -140.0418 E: -134.9867 project/cruise: EQPAC/TT007 - Spring Survey ship: Thomas Thompson Sampling Protocols References: Sediment Trap Technology and Sampling in Surface Waters by Wilford Gardner (Texas A&M University), a report on the use of sediment traps in upper 200m of the water column originally written as minutes for the meeting on the subject at the First International JGOFS Symposium held in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France in May, 1995. Gardner, W. D., 2000. Sediment Trap Technology and Sampling in Surface Waters In: Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H.W., and Field, J.G., The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: A midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. pp 240-281. Cambridge University Press, U.S. JGOFS Contribution No. 362. A variety of particle samples will be collected in the water column, including: 1) large volume in-situ filtration samples in surface waters near the chlorophyll maximum at each survey station (coordinated with J. K. B. Bishop), 2) particulate matter sinking out of the euphotic zone (100 m depth) collected by floating sediment traps (coordinated with J. W. Murray and J. Newton), and 3) particles collected in moored sediment traps at about 1,000 m below the sea surface and 1,000 m off the bottom (coordinated with S. Honjo and J. Dymond). The large-volume filtration samples and floating sediment trap samples will be collected on both survey cruises, while the moored trap samples will be collected at stations located at 9� and 5�N and at the equator (coordinated with M. Leinen). Bottom sediments will be collected from box cores at all sites of the benthic cruise. Depending on time available, we also hope to obtain vertical profiles of size-fractionated large-volume filtration samples at the three moored-trap sites (with J. K. B. Bishop). Processing Description Particle and sediment samples will be analyzed for a wide range of major biochemical properties: 1) lipids by extraction, fractionation, and gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Wakeham); 2) amino acids by hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of OPA fluorescent derivatives (Lee); 3) aldoses and cyclitols by acid hydrolysis and GC and GC/MS analysis of peracetate or TMS derivatives (Hedges); 4) elemental composition by CHN analysis (Hedges). We plan to provide aliquots of particle and trap samples to J. K. B. Bishop (elemental composition), J. R. Murray/J. Newton (pigments, elemental composition, radionuclides), and R. Bidigare (isotopic composition of pigments) if sample sizes are adequate. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Thomas G. Thompson |
| Start Date | 1992-08-05 |
| End Date | 1992-09-18 |
| Description | Purpose: Fall Survey; 12°N-12°S at 140°W
TT011 was one of five cruises conducted in 1992 in support of the U.S. Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) Process Study. The five EqPac cruises aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson included two repeat meridional sections (12°N - 12°S), 2 equatorial surveys, and a benthic survey (all at 140° W). The scientific objectives of this study were to observe the processes in the Equatorial Pacific controlling the fluxes of carbon and related elements between the atmosphere, euphotic zone, and deep ocean. As luck would have it, the survey window coincided with an El Nino event. A bonus for the research team. Methods & Sampling PI: John Hedges (Hedges/Lee/Wakeham) dataset: Particulate C, N and carbohydrates from floating sediment traps dates: August 10, 1992 to September 12, 1992 location: N: 12.0133 S: -12.0016 W: -140.0498 E: -134.9744 project/cruise: EQPAC/TT011 - Fall Survey ship: Thomas Thompson Sampling Protocols References: Sediment Trap Technology and Sampling in Surface Waters by Wilford Gardner (Texas A&M University), a report on the use of sediment traps in upper 200m of the water column originally written as minutes for the meeting on the subject at the First International JGOFS Symposium held in Villefranche-sur-Mer, France in May, 1995. Gardner, W. D., 2000. Sediment Trap Technology and Sampling in Surface Waters In: Hanson, R. B., Ducklow, H.W., and Field, J.G., The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle: A midterm synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study. pp 240-281. Cambridge University Press, U.S. JGOFS Contribution No. 362. A variety of particle samples will be collected in the water column, including: 1) large volume in-situ filtration samples in surface waters near the chlorophyll maximum at each survey station (coordinated with J. K. B. Bishop), 2) particulate matter sinking out of the euphotic zone (100 m depth) collected by floating sediment traps (coordinated with J. W. Murray and J. Newton), and 3) particles collected in moored sediment traps at about 1,000 m below the sea surface and 1,000 m off the bottom (coordinated with S. Honjo and J. Dymond). The large-volume filtration samples and floating sediment trap samples will be collected on both survey cruises, while the moored trap samples will be collected at stations located at 9� and 5�N and at the equator (coordinated with M. Leinen). Bottom sediments will be collected from box cores at all sites of the benthic cruise. Depending on time available, we also hope to obtain vertical profiles of size-fractionated large-volume filtration samples at the three moored-trap sites (with J. K. B. Bishop). Processing Description Analyses: Particle and sediment samples will be analyzed for a wide range of major biochemical properties: 1) lipids by extraction, fractionation, and gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Wakeham); 2) amino acids by hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of OPA fluorescent derivatives (Lee); 3) aldoses and cyclitols by acid hydrolysis and GC and GC/MS analysis of peracetate or TMS derivatives (Hedges); 4) elemental composition by CHN analysis (Hedges). We plan to provide aliquots of particle and trap samples to J. K. B. Bishop (elemental composition), J. R. Murray/J. Newton (pigments, elemental composition, radionuclides), and R. Bidigare (isotopic composition of pigments) if sample sizes are adequate. QA/QC: An intercomparison of elemental compositions of samples will be made with other EqPac investigators. We also intend to archive large amounts of sediment for eventual use as organic geochemical ``reference materials.'' However, because the molecular organic measurements to be carried out by our groups are practiced in a limited number of laboratories worldwide and because standard reference materials are not available, the corresponding QC strategies must be individualistic at this point pending the development of protocols and reference materials as suggested by the recent FRECLES Workshop. |
The U.S. EqPac process study consisted of repeat meridional sections (12°N -12°S) across the equator in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific from 95°W to 170°W during 1992. The major scientific program was focused at 140° W consisting of two meridional surveys, two equatorial surveys, and a benthic survey aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson. Long-term deployments of current meter and sediment trap arrays augmented the survey cruises. NOAA conducted boreal spring and fall sections east and west of 140°W from the R/V Baldridge and R/V Discoverer. Meteorological and sea surface observations were obtained from NOAA's in place TOGA-TAO buoy network.
The scientific objectives of this study were to determine the fluxes of carbon and related elements, and the processes controlling these fluxes between the Equatorial Pacific euphotic zone and the atmosphere and deep ocean. A broad overview of the program at the 140°W site is given by Murray et al. (Oceanography, 5: 134-142, 1992). A full description of the Equatorial Pacific Process Study, including the international context and the scientific results, appears in a series of Deep-Sea Research Part II special volumes:
Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific (1995), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 42, No. 2/3.
Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific. Part 2 (1996), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 43, No. 4/6.
Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific (1997), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 44, No. 9/10.
Topical Studies in Oceanography, The Equatorial Pacific JGOFS Synthesis (2002), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 49, Nos. 13/14.
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).