http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2695
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2010-08-12
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Aggregates from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TT012 in the Equatorial Pacific in 1992 during the U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) project
1995-11-28
publication
1995-11-28
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
1995-11-28
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2695
Ian Walsh
Texas A&M University
principalInvestigator
Wilford D. Gardner
Texas A&M University
principalInvestigator
Mary Jo Richardson
Texas A&M University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Walsh, I., Gardner, W. D., Richardson, M. (1995) Aggregates from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TT012 in the Equatorial Pacific in 1992 during the U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) project. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version November 28, 1995) Version Date 1995-11-28 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2695 [access date]
Aggregates Dataset Description: Aggregates with equivalent spherical diameters gt .5 mm Methods and Sampling: <pre>
<b>PI:</b> Ian Walsh, W. Gardner, M. Richardson
<b>of:</b> Texas A&M University
<b>dataset:</b> Aggregates with equivalent spherical diameters gt .5 mm
<b>dates:</b> October 04, 1992 to October 21, 1992
<b>location:</b> N: 0.1077 S: -0.1623 W: -140.1713 E: -139.778
<b>project/cruise:</b> EqPac/TT012 - Fall Time Series
<b>ship:</b> Thomas Thompson
<a href=http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/eqpac-docs/proto.html target=_blank>Equatorial Pacific Protocols Document (1993)</a>
</pre>
<h2>Large Aggregate Profiling System Protocol</h2>
<b>Ian D. Walsh, Wilford B. Gardner and Mary Jo Richardson</b>
<hr>
<p>
Camera systems have been developed to characterize millimeter size
particle distributions in the water column (Honjo etal, 1984; Asper,
1987; Gardner etal, 1988). It is conjectured that the millimeter size
class range of particles, thought to be primarily composed of aggregates
(``marine snow'') may dominate the total mass flux because of their
abundance and high settling rates (Asper, 1987). Camera systems integrated
with a CTD and transmissometer (such as the Walsh/Gardner Large Aggregate
Profiling System (LAPS)) have the advantage of simultaneously collecting
data on the distribution of suspended particles and aggregates along with
the physical structure of the water column. This is important as previous
work has shown that the distribution of aggregates at depth does not
reflect the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) distribution, particularly
in the case of intermediate depth layers of high aggregate abundance
(Gardner and Walsh, 1990; Walsh 1990; Walsh and Gardner, in press). The
continuous nature of the LAPS profile allows for the identification of
mid-water aggregate nepheloid layers which might be missed by sediment
traps or pumping because of low sampling density. This is particularly
important to the success of the EQPAC program as the previous sediment
trap moorings deployed in the area have shown mid-water column flux
maximums (~1000--2000 m) on a yearly and seasonal basis except for a
three month period at 11� N, 140� W during which the flux was
dominated by a diatom bloom (Walsh <i> et al.</i>, 1988; Dymond and
Collier, 1988).
<p>
The LAPS system as configured for the EQPAC program consists of a
Deep-Sea Power and Light AVCS-101 Autonomous Video Camera (Sony CCD V801)
synchronized with a high power strobe, and a Sea-Bird Seacat CTD coupled
with a Sea Tech 25 cm pathlength deep transmissometer and a Sea Tech deep
fluorometer. The strobe flash is contained and collimated using a
stainless steel tube and a triple-lense Fresnel stack. PVC baffles on the
lense stack can be set to produce a slab of light 5 to 10 cm thick,
perpendicular to the camera. The illuminated imaging area can be varied
using the zoom capability of the camera. For imaging the particle size
range down to 0.5 mm, a 23 cm wide by 17.25 cm high image is acquired with
a slab thickness of 10 cm. Calibration of the images is made by placing a
target in the image volume during a preliminary cast and subsequent to all
changes of the system parameters (e.g., image volume). Images from the
camera are captured using a Data Translation frame capture board and NIH
Image software on an Apple Macintosh IIci computer. Images are thresholded
and particle counts made using the capabilities of the NIH Image program.
Obvious zooplankton and nekton are excluded from the particle counts.
Frames in the upper water column where sunlight is visible are excluded
from the analysis because of potential ambiguity as to the water volume
sampled (i.e., particles outside of the strobe illuminated volume may have
been illuminated by sunlight). The strobe flash rate and lowering rate of
the LAPS can be varied depending on the desired image density and the
length of the cast. Generally the strobe interval is set for 6 seconds and
the LAPS is lowered at 20 m/min yielding an image every 2 meters.
<p>
Each image is analyzed for the total number of particles and their
maximum, minimum and equivalent circular diameters. The particles are
binned into 0.5 mm size ranges based on the equivalent circular diameter
starting at 0.5 mm. Particle volume is calculated assuming sphericity and
diameters equal the means of the ranges.
<p>
The Seacat CTD will be factory calibrated prior to the EQPAC
cruises. Transmissometer data reduction will be accomplished as outlined
in the optics protocols.
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<dl>
<dt>Asper, V.L. (1987). <dd> Measuring the flux and sinking speed of marine snow aggregates. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>34</b>(1A):1-17.
<dt>Dymond, J. and R. Collier (1988). <dd> Biogenic particle fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: Evidence for both high and low productivity during the 1982-1983 El-Ni�o. <i>Global Bioceochemical Cycles</i>, <b>2</b>: 129-137.
<dt>Gardner, W.D. and I.D. Walsh (1990). <dd> Distribution of macroaggregates and fine-grained particles across a continental margin and their potential role in fluxes. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>37</b>: 401-412.
<dt>Gardner, W.D., I.D. Walsh, and V.L. Asper (1988). <dd> Comparison of large-particle camera and transmissometer profiles. Presented at the <i>JOA Special Symposium on New Observation Methods, Acapulco, Mexico (1988).</i>
<dt>Honjo, S., K.W. Doherty, Y.C. Agrawal, and V.L. Asper (1984). <dd> Direct optical assessment of large amorphous aggregates (marine snow) in the deep ocean. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>31</b>: 67-76.
<dt>Walsh, I.D. (1990). <dd> <i>Project CATSTIX: Camera, transmissometer, and sediment integration experiment.</i> Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A & M University, 96pp.
<dt>Walsh, I.D. and W.D. Gardner (1992). <dd> Comparison of large particle camera profiles with sediment trap fluxes. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>39</b>: 1817-1834.
<dt>Walsh, I.D., J. Dymond and R. Collier (1988). <dd> Rates of recycling of biogenic components of fast settling particles derived from sediment trap experiments. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>35</b>: 43-58.
</dl>
completed
Ian Walsh
Texas A&M University
USA
walsh@oce.orst.edu
pointOfContact
Wilford D. Gardner
Texas A&M University
Dept. of Oceanography
College Station
TX
77843-3146
USA
wgardner@ocean.tamu.edu
pointOfContact
Mary Jo Richardson
Texas A&M University
USA
mrichardson@ocean.tamu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: November 28, 1995
Unknown
sta
cast
event
depth
agg_num
agg_vol
Sea-Bird Seacat CTD
Large Aggregate Profiling System
SNOY CCD V801
theme
None, User defined
No BCO-DMO term
cast
event
depth
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT
Large Aggregate Profiling System
Underwater Camera
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TT012
service
Deployment Activity
U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/research/eqpac.html
U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific
<p>The U.S. EqPac process study consisted of repeat meridional sections (12°N -12°S) across the equator in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific from 95°W to 170°W during 1992. The major scientific program was focused at 140° W consisting of two meridional surveys, two equatorial surveys, and a benthic survey aboard the R/V Thomas Thompson. Long-term deployments of current meter and sediment trap arrays augmented the survey cruises. NOAA conducted boreal spring and fall sections east and west of 140°W from the R/V Baldridge and R/V Discoverer. Meteorological and sea surface observations were obtained from NOAA's in place TOGA-TAO buoy network.</p>
<p>The scientific objectives of this study were to determine the fluxes of carbon and related elements, and the processes controlling these fluxes between the Equatorial Pacific euphotic zone and the atmosphere and deep ocean. A broad overview of the program at the 140°W site is given by Murray et al. (Oceanography, 5: 134-142, 1992). A full description of the Equatorial Pacific Process Study, including the international context and the scientific results, appears in a series of Deep-Sea Research Part II special volumes:</p>
<p>Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific (1995), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 42, No. 2/3.</p>
<p>Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific. Part 2 (1996), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 43, No. 4/6.</p>
<p>Topical Studies in Oceanography, A U.S. JGOFS Process Study in the Equatorial Pacific (1997), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 44, No. 9/10.</p>
<p>Topical Studies in Oceanography, The Equatorial Pacific JGOFS Synthesis (2002), Deep-Sea Research Part II, Volume 49, Nos. 13/14.</p>
EqPac
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific
1995-11-28
Equatorial Pacific
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Aggregates from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TT012 in the Equatorial Pacific in 1992 during the U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific (EqPac) project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11071.rdf
Name: sta
Units: unknown
Description: <p>station number from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11072.rdf
Name: cast
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>LAPS (Large Aggregate Profiling System) cast number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11073.rdf
Name: event
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>event number from event log</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11074.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>sample depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11075.rdf
Name: agg_num
Units: number/l
Description: <p>number of aggregates</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/11076.rdf
Name: agg_vol
Units: cm^3/l
Description: <p>volume of aggregates</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
42895
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/4WW2r04fBRWpQM/aggregates.csv
aggregates.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 2695
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2695/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<pre>
<b>PI:</b> Ian Walsh, W. Gardner, M. Richardson
<b>of:</b> Texas A&M University
<b>dataset:</b> Aggregates with equivalent spherical diameters gt .5 mm
<b>dates:</b> October 04, 1992 to October 21, 1992
<b>location:</b> N: 0.1077 S: -0.1623 W: -140.1713 E: -139.778
<b>project/cruise:</b> EqPac/TT012 - Fall Time Series
<b>ship:</b> Thomas Thompson
<a href=http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/eqpac-docs/proto.html target=_blank>Equatorial Pacific Protocols Document (1993)</a>
</pre>
<h2>Large Aggregate Profiling System Protocol</h2>
<b>Ian D. Walsh, Wilford B. Gardner and Mary Jo Richardson</b>
<hr>
<p>
Camera systems have been developed to characterize millimeter size
particle distributions in the water column (Honjo etal, 1984; Asper,
1987; Gardner etal, 1988). It is conjectured that the millimeter size
class range of particles, thought to be primarily composed of aggregates
(``marine snow'') may dominate the total mass flux because of their
abundance and high settling rates (Asper, 1987). Camera systems integrated
with a CTD and transmissometer (such as the Walsh/Gardner Large Aggregate
Profiling System (LAPS)) have the advantage of simultaneously collecting
data on the distribution of suspended particles and aggregates along with
the physical structure of the water column. This is important as previous
work has shown that the distribution of aggregates at depth does not
reflect the Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) distribution, particularly
in the case of intermediate depth layers of high aggregate abundance
(Gardner and Walsh, 1990; Walsh 1990; Walsh and Gardner, in press). The
continuous nature of the LAPS profile allows for the identification of
mid-water aggregate nepheloid layers which might be missed by sediment
traps or pumping because of low sampling density. This is particularly
important to the success of the EQPAC program as the previous sediment
trap moorings deployed in the area have shown mid-water column flux
maximums (~1000--2000 m) on a yearly and seasonal basis except for a
three month period at 11� N, 140� W during which the flux was
dominated by a diatom bloom (Walsh <i> et al.</i>, 1988; Dymond and
Collier, 1988).
<p>
The LAPS system as configured for the EQPAC program consists of a
Deep-Sea Power and Light AVCS-101 Autonomous Video Camera (Sony CCD V801)
synchronized with a high power strobe, and a Sea-Bird Seacat CTD coupled
with a Sea Tech 25 cm pathlength deep transmissometer and a Sea Tech deep
fluorometer. The strobe flash is contained and collimated using a
stainless steel tube and a triple-lense Fresnel stack. PVC baffles on the
lense stack can be set to produce a slab of light 5 to 10 cm thick,
perpendicular to the camera. The illuminated imaging area can be varied
using the zoom capability of the camera. For imaging the particle size
range down to 0.5 mm, a 23 cm wide by 17.25 cm high image is acquired with
a slab thickness of 10 cm. Calibration of the images is made by placing a
target in the image volume during a preliminary cast and subsequent to all
changes of the system parameters (e.g., image volume). Images from the
camera are captured using a Data Translation frame capture board and NIH
Image software on an Apple Macintosh IIci computer. Images are thresholded
and particle counts made using the capabilities of the NIH Image program.
Obvious zooplankton and nekton are excluded from the particle counts.
Frames in the upper water column where sunlight is visible are excluded
from the analysis because of potential ambiguity as to the water volume
sampled (i.e., particles outside of the strobe illuminated volume may have
been illuminated by sunlight). The strobe flash rate and lowering rate of
the LAPS can be varied depending on the desired image density and the
length of the cast. Generally the strobe interval is set for 6 seconds and
the LAPS is lowered at 20 m/min yielding an image every 2 meters.
<p>
Each image is analyzed for the total number of particles and their
maximum, minimum and equivalent circular diameters. The particles are
binned into 0.5 mm size ranges based on the equivalent circular diameter
starting at 0.5 mm. Particle volume is calculated assuming sphericity and
diameters equal the means of the ranges.
<p>
The Seacat CTD will be factory calibrated prior to the EQPAC
cruises. Transmissometer data reduction will be accomplished as outlined
in the optics protocols.
<h2>Literature Cited</h2>
<dl>
<dt>Asper, V.L. (1987). <dd> Measuring the flux and sinking speed of marine snow aggregates. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>34</b>(1A):1-17.
<dt>Dymond, J. and R. Collier (1988). <dd> Biogenic particle fluxes in the equatorial Pacific: Evidence for both high and low productivity during the 1982-1983 El-Ni�o. <i>Global Bioceochemical Cycles</i>, <b>2</b>: 129-137.
<dt>Gardner, W.D. and I.D. Walsh (1990). <dd> Distribution of macroaggregates and fine-grained particles across a continental margin and their potential role in fluxes. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>37</b>: 401-412.
<dt>Gardner, W.D., I.D. Walsh, and V.L. Asper (1988). <dd> Comparison of large-particle camera and transmissometer profiles. Presented at the <i>JOA Special Symposium on New Observation Methods, Acapulco, Mexico (1988).</i>
<dt>Honjo, S., K.W. Doherty, Y.C. Agrawal, and V.L. Asper (1984). <dd> Direct optical assessment of large amorphous aggregates (marine snow) in the deep ocean. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>31</b>: 67-76.
<dt>Walsh, I.D. (1990). <dd> <i>Project CATSTIX: Camera, transmissometer, and sediment integration experiment.</i> Ph.D. Dissertation, Texas A & M University, 96pp.
<dt>Walsh, I.D. and W.D. Gardner (1992). <dd> Comparison of large particle camera profiles with sediment trap fluxes. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>39</b>: 1817-1834.
<dt>Walsh, I.D., J. Dymond and R. Collier (1988). <dd> Rates of recycling of biogenic components of fast settling particles derived from sediment trap experiments. <i>Deep-Sea Research</i>, <b>35</b>: 43-58.
</dl>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Sea-Bird Seacat CTD
Sea-Bird Seacat CTD
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Sea-Bird Seacat CTD PI Supplied Instrument Description:Sea-Bird Seacat CTD coupled with a Sea Tech 25 cm pathlength deep transmissometer and a Sea Tech deep fluorometer. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT Instrument Short Name:CTD SEACAT Instrument Description: The CTD SEACAT recorder is an instrument package manufactured by Sea-Bird Electronics. The first Sea-Bird SEACAT Recorder was the original SBE 16 SEACAT developed in 1987. There are several model numbers including the SBE 16plus (SEACAT C-T Recorder (P optional))and the SBE 19 (SBE 19plus SEACAT Profiler measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth)). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/350/
Large Aggregate Profiling System
Large Aggregate Profiling System
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Large Aggregate Profiling System PI Supplied Instrument Description:The LAPS system as configured for the EQPAC program consists of a Deep-Sea Power and Light AVCS-101 Autonomous Video Camera (Sony CCD V801) synchronized with a high power strobe, and a Sea-Bird Seacat CTD coupled with a Sea Tech 25 cm pathlength deep transmissometer and a Sea Tech deep fluorometer Instrument Name: Large Aggregate Profiling System Instrument Short Name:LAPS Instrument Description: The Large Aggregate Profiling System (LAPS) is a camera system developed to characterize millimeter size particle distributions in the water column. Camera systems are integrated with a CTD and transmissometer and therefore have the advantage of simultaneously collecting data on the distribution of suspended particles and aggregates along with the physical structure of the water column (Honjo et al., 1984; Asper, 1987; Gardner et al., 1988).
SNOY CCD V801
SNOY CCD V801
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SNOY CCD V801 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Deep-Sea Power and Light AVCS-101 Autonomous Video Camera synchronized with a high power strobe Instrument Name: Underwater Camera Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: All types of photographic equipment that may be deployed underwater including stills, video, film and digital systems. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/180/
Cruise: TT012
TT012
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TT012
Dr Michael Bacon
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel