| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gardner, Wilford D. | Texas A&M University (TAMU) | Principal Investigator |
| Morrison, John M. | North Carolina State University - Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences (NCSU MEAS) | Principal Investigator |
| Richardson, Mary Jo | Texas A&M University (TAMU) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Chandler, Cynthia L. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics.
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| event | a unique number assigned to each sampling operation consisting of month MM, day DD, hour HH and minute mm | |
| sta | station number | |
| cast | CTD rosette cast number | |
| date | date (YYYYMMDD) decoded as follows YYYY = year, MM = month, DD = day Date converted to GMT | |
| time_begin | starting time of cast in UTC | decimal hours |
| time_end | ending time of cast in UTC | decimal hours |
| lat_begin | starting latitude, negative = south | decimal degrees |
| lon_begin | starting longitude, negative = west | decimal degrees |
| lat_end | ending latitude | decimal degrees |
| lon_end | ending longitude | decimal degrees |
| depth | depth of sample | meters |
| press | depth of sample reported as pressure | decibars |
| temp | temperature, IPTS-68 | degrees C |
| cond | conductivity CTD | milliSiemens/centimeter |
| sal | salinity, PSS-78 | PSU |
| potemp | potental temperature, IPTS-68 | degrees C |
| sigma_t | sigma t | kilograms/meter^3 |
| sigma_0 | potental density | kilograms/meter^3 |
| beam_cp | beam attenuation due to particles | 1/meter |
| fluor | relative fluorescence, corrected by Seabird software to chlorophyll-a | milligram/meter^3 |
| light_bs | backscattered light from a Light Scattering Sensor | volts |
| O2_ml_L | oxygen | milliliters/liter |
| O2_umol_kg | oxygen | micromoles/kilogram |
| O2_umol_L | oxygen | micromoles/liter |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD Seabird 911 |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird 911 |
| Dataset-specific Description | CTD measurements taken, Sea-Bird SBE 9 |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1996-08-30 |
| End Date | 1996-09-24 |
| Description | Site Survey Cruise Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD data, including beam attenuation optics dates: September 06, 1996 to September 15, 1996 location: N: -60.085 S: -64.1155 W: -170.0035 E: -169.364 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-96-4 - Site Survey Cruise ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.364 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1996-10-02 |
| End Date | 1996-11-08 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 1 Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner and Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: October 08, 1996 to November 06, 1996 location: N: -63.4455 S: -78.0348 W: 168.9800 E: -170.5797 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-96-4A - Ross Sea Process Cruise 1 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.364 In addition the following casts were adjusted: 96410403 -0.012 96410501 -0.04 96410502 -0.03 96410503 -0.013 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1996-11-11 |
| End Date | 1996-12-01 |
| Description | Moorings Deployment Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: November 13, 1996 to November 26, 1996 location: N: -53.0385 S: -76.5168 W: 176.9095 E: -169.6785 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-96-5 - Mooring and Trap Deployment ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.364 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-01-13 |
| End Date | 1997-02-11 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 2 Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: January 13, 1997 to February 09, 1997 location: N: -74.0029 S: -78.0498 W: 163.3383 E: -173.9992 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-1 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 2 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.354 In addition the following casts were adjusted: 97100601 0.02069 97100701 0.07223 97100902 0.01145 97100906 0.01101 97101109 0.00837 97101110 0.01411 97101901 0.07433 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-04-04 |
| End Date | 1997-05-11 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 3 Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: April 08, 1997 to May 05, 1997 location: N: -63.5023 S: -77.964 W: 168.8260 E: -176.0699 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-3 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 3 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.366 In addition the following casts were adjusted: 97330103 -0.03665 97330104 -0.04735 97330302 -0.05805 97330304 -0.04420 97330305 -0.04420 97330401 -0.04420 97330403 -0.03355 97330405 -0.03222 97330406 -0.03177 97330407 -0.03177 97330408 -0.03889 97330409 -0.03177 97330411 -0.04423 97330501 -0.01012 97330502 -0.02027 97330504 -0.00220 97330508 -0.00895 97330509 -0.00748 97330602 -0.01056 97330603 -0.00397 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-11-05 |
| End Date | 1997-12-13 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 4
SeaWiFS transmits images to U.S. JGOFS scientists aboard the Palmer, for first time on November 23, 1997. Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: November 09, 1997 to December 12, 1997 location: N: -60.1627 S: -77.888 W: 168.7308 E: -169.8918 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-8 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 4 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.36 In addition the following casts were adjusted: 97840303 -0.00700 97840504 -0.00800 97840602 -0.00600 97840607 -0.00400 97841605 -0.00900 97841608 -0.01200 97843001 -0.45000 97843003 -0.44000 97843101 -0.33000 97843201 -0.40000 97843302 -0.37500 97843303 -0.30500 97843305 -0.02000 97843706 0.18712 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1998-02-25 |
| End Date | 1998-04-03 |
| Description | Benthic Process and Moorings Recovery Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: February 26, 1998 to March 31, 1998 location: N: -49.9148 S: -76.5017 W: 176.8417 E: -169.5078 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-98-2 - Benthic Process and Morring Recovery Cruise ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics PI-Note: To convert Beam C (C(1/m)) to Cp the following amount was added to ALL casts: -0.382 In addition the following casts were adjusted: 98020502 -0.00300 98021001 -0.01800 AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-10-20 |
| End Date | 1997-11-24 |
| Description | Polar Front Survey I Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner and Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: October 23, 1997 to November 18, 1997 location: N: -56.9998 S: -62.341 W: -171.9 E: -168.0622 project/cruise: AESOPS/KIWI06 - APFZ Survey Cruise 1 ship: Roger Revelle Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics Notes on Beam C corrections AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-12-02 |
| End Date | 1998-01-03 |
| Description | Polar Front Process I Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: December 03, 1997 to December 30, 1997 location: N: -52.9143 S: -64.7418 W: -174.7303 E: -168.8302 project/cruise: AESOPS/KIWI07 - APFZ Polar Front Process Cruise 1 ship: Roger Revelle Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics Notes on Beam C corrections AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1998-01-08 |
| End Date | 1998-02-08 |
| Description | Polar Front Survey II Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: January 12, 1998 to January 28, 1998 location: N: -56.9998 S: -67.7842 W: -170.1117 E: -169.9983 project/cruise: AESOPS/KIWI08 - APFZ Polar Front Survey Cruise 2 ship: Roger Revelle Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics Notes on Beam C corrections AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1998-02-13 |
| End Date | 1998-03-19 |
| Description | Polar Front Process II Methods & Sampling PI: John Morrison of: North Carolina State University PI for Optics: Wilford Gardner & Mary Jo Richardson of: Texas A&M University dataset: Final version CTD, including beam attenuation optics dates: February 15, 1998 to March 15, 1998 location: N: -52.966 S: -71.3157 W: -174.7755 E: -165.9143 project/cruise: AESOPS/KIWI09 - APFZ Polar Front Process Cruise 2 ship: Roger Revelle Sampling Methodology Sampling Methodology, Optics Notes on Beam C corrections AESOPS Investigators, Please note: Begin and end parameters for time, latitude and longitude are provided in the core CTD and Bottle data. Investigators submitting data related to CTD/Bottle casts are urged to use the single lat/lon entry from the Chief Scientist's event log. |
The U.S. Southern Ocean JGOFS program, called Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study (AESOPS), began in August 1996 and continued through March 1998. The U.S. JGOFS AESOPS program focused on two regions in the Southern Ocean: an east/west section of the Ross-Sea continental shelf along 76.5°S, and a second north/south section of the Southern Ocean spanning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at ~170°W (identified as the Polar Front). The science program, coordinated by Antarctic Support Associates (ASA), comprised eleven cruises using the R.V.I.B Nathaniel B. Palmer and R/V Roger Revelle as observational platforms and for deployment and recovery of instrumented moorings and sediment-trap arrays. The Ross-Sea region was occupied on six occasions and the Polar Front five times. Mapping data were obtained from SeaSoar, ADCP, and bathymetric systems. Satellite coverage was provided by the NASA SeaWiFS and the NOAA/NASA Pathfinder programs.
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).