| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Barber, Richard | Duke University | Principal Investigator |
| Marra, John F. | Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Smith, Walker O. | Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Chandler, Cynthia L. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| event | event number, from event log | |
| sta | station number, from event log | |
| cast | cast number | |
| sta_name | name of revisited locations on AESOPS cruises | |
| cast_type | TM = trace metal rosette CTD = CTD rosette | |
| bot | Goflo or Niskin bottle number | |
| depth_n | nominal depth sampled by Goflo or Niskin | meters |
| chl_a | chlorophyll_a as measured by fluorometric method | mg Chl m-3 |
| chl_a_int_depth | depth to which chl_a is integrated | meters |
| chl_a_int | integrated from 0 meters to the depth of the deepest sample bottle (chl_a_int_depth) | mg Chl m-2 |
| depth_in_situ | depth where samples were incubated in situ | meters |
| pp24 | primary production, carbon assimilation (24 hours) | mmol C m-3 d-1 |
| pb24 | carbon assimilation per unit chl_a (24 hours) | mmol C mg Chl-1 d-1 |
| pp24_int_1 | primary production, carbon assimilation (24 hours) integrated from 0 meters to the depth of the 1% light level based on Morel optical model (depth_1%) Note: 1% light level productivity was interpolated or extrapolated from the in situ productivity profile. | mmol C m-2 d-1 |
| pp24_opt | optimum primary production for profile, carbon assimilation (24 hours) | mmol C m-3 d-1 |
| pb24_opt | optimum carbon assimilation per unit chl_a for profile (24 hours) | mmol C mg Chl-1 d-1 |
| depth_light_1 | depth of 1% light level based on Morel optical model | meters |
| depth_light_0d1 | depth of 0.1% light level based on Morel optical model | meters |
| pp24_int_0d1 | primary production, carbon assimilation (24 hours) integrated from 0 meters to the depth of the 0.1% light level based on Morel optical model (depth_0.1%) Note: 1% and 0.1% light level productivity values were interpolated or extrapolated from the in situ productivity profile. | mmol C m-2 d-1 |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin Bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Dataset-specific Description | CTD clean rosette (Niskin) bottles were used to collect water samples. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Trace Metal Bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Trace Metal Bottle |
| Dataset-specific Description | Trace metal (TM) clean rosette bottles were used to collect water samples. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Trace metal (TM) clean rosette bottle used for collecting trace metal clean seawater samples. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1996-10-02 |
| End Date | 1996-11-08 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 1 Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, University of Tennessee dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dates: October 18, 1996 to November 02, 1996 location: N: -76.5012 S: -77.9638 W: 168.9967 E: -175.9047 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-96-4A - Ross Sea Process Cruise 1 ship: R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-01-13 |
| End Date | 1997-02-11 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 2 Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, University of Tennessee technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours dates: January 13, 1997 to February 06, 1997 location: N: -74.0027 S: -78.043 W: 163.3482 E: -176.0241 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-1 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 2 ship: R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-04-04 |
| End Date | 1997-05-11 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 3 Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, University of Tennessee technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours dates: April 14, 1997 to April 29, 1997 location: N: -73.979 S: -77.9369 W: 168.9630 E: -176.1544 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-3 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 3 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
| Website | |
| Platform | RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-11-05 |
| End Date | 1997-12-13 |
| Description | Ross Sea Process Study 4
SeaWiFS transmits images to U.S. JGOFS scientists aboard the Palmer, for first time on November 23, 1997. Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, University of Tennessee dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dates: November 16, 1997 to December 11, 1997 location: N: -76.4993 S: -76.6213 W: 169.0023 E: -177.963 project/cruise: AESOPS/NBP-97-8 - Ross Sea Process Cruise 4 ship: Nathaniel B. Palmer Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1997-12-02 |
| End Date | 1998-01-03 |
| Description | Polar Front Process I Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, Virginia Institute of Marine Science dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dates: December 12, 1997 to December 26, 1997 location: N: -55.6603 S: -62.4 W: -171.754 E: -168.8333 project/cruise: AESOPS/RR_KIWI07; APFZ Process Cruise 1 ship: R/V Roger Revelle Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Roger Revelle |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 1998-02-13 |
| End Date | 1998-03-19 |
| Description | Polar Front Process II Methods & Sampling PI: Richard Barber, Duke University John Marra, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory Walker Smith, Virginia Institute of Marine Science dataset: Primary Production, incubated in situ, 24 hours technician: Michael Hiscock, Duke University dates: February 24, 1998 to March 14, 1998 location: N: -54.3333 S: -70.4077 W: -173.3333 E: -165.9245 project/cruise: AESOPS/RR_KIWI09; APFZ Process Cruise 2 ship: R/V Roger Revelle Methodology: - Chapter 19 of the JGOFS protocols (1994) "Primary Production by 14C" - Hiscock, M.R., Marra, J., Smith, W.O., Jr., Goericke, R., Measures, C.I., Vink, S., Olson, R.J., Sosik, H.M., Barber, R.T., in press. Primary Productivity and its Regulation in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research II. - Barber, Richard T. 1993. In Situ Primary Production Protocols. U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Protocols, 1993, section 7. - Smith, W. O., Jr., R. T. Barber, M. R. Hiscock and J. Marra (submitted) The Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Biomass and Primary Productivity in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II. - Barber, R. T., L. Borden, Z. Johnson, J. Marra, C. Knudsen, and C.C.Trees (1997) Ground truthing modeled kpar and on deck primary productivity incubations with in situ observations. SPIE 2963, 834-839. - Barber, R. T. and F. P. Chavez (1991) Regulation of primary productivity rate in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1803-1815. - Morel, A. (1988) Optical modelling of the upper ocean in relation to its biogenous matter content (Case 1 waters). Journal of Biophysical Research 93, 10749-10768. |
The U.S. Southern Ocean JGOFS program, called Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study (AESOPS), began in August 1996 and continued through March 1998. The U.S. JGOFS AESOPS program focused on two regions in the Southern Ocean: an east/west section of the Ross-Sea continental shelf along 76.5°S, and a second north/south section of the Southern Ocean spanning the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) at ~170°W (identified as the Polar Front). The science program, coordinated by Antarctic Support Associates (ASA), comprised eleven cruises using the R.V.I.B Nathaniel B. Palmer and R/V Roger Revelle as observational platforms and for deployment and recovery of instrumented moorings and sediment-trap arrays. The Ross-Sea region was occupied on six occasions and the Polar Front five times. Mapping data were obtained from SeaSoar, ADCP, and bathymetric systems. Satellite coverage was provided by the NASA SeaWiFS and the NOAA/NASA Pathfinder programs.
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).