http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2804
eng; USA
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dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2010-06-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Combined water sample data from variety of sampling devices from USCGC Polar Star cruise PS02_2002 in the Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand in 2002 (SOFeX project)
2007-02-27
publication
2007-02-27
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2007-02-27
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2804
Kenneth O. Buesseler
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Buesseler, K. O. (2007) Combined water sample data from variety of sampling devices from USCGC Polar Star cruise PS02_2002 in the Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand in 2002 (SOFeX project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 27 February 2007) Version Date 2007-02-27 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2804 [access date]
combined water sample data from variety of sampling devices Methods and Sampling: <pre>
dates: 14 February 2002 to 21 February 2002 (20020214-20020221)
location: N: -65.23 S: -66.59 W: -173.00 E: -170.53
project/cruise: SOFeX/USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) cruise: PS02
platform: USCGC Polar Star
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/bottle_samples_PS.html">Methodology</a>
</pre>
<h3>SOFeX 2002 Polar Star cruise<br />
PI notes for all water sample bottle data</h3>
<p class="text">
13 February 2007: Prepared for OCB data system by Cyndy Chandler, OCB DMO (WHOI).<br />
Contact: Ken Buesseler (WHOI) with any questions pertaining to this dataset.
</p>
<p>Bottle sample data included in Master Water File: <br />
SF6/DOC/DIC/pCO2/23Th/HPLC/bSi/salinity/nutrients/Chl/phyto/bacteria </p>
<p><strong>Original Excel file downloaded from MBARI:</strong>
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls" title="orig file">copy of original Excel file</a></p>
<p>All Polar Star data are preliminary & comparisons to other cruises should be made
with caution until final QC and intercalibration work are completed.
For further inquiries contact Ken Buesseler (kbuesseler@whoi.edu)
</p>
<p>
<strong>The original Excel file contained multiple spreadsheets:</strong><br />
The Master Water File includes sample information for all water samples
collected underway and from casts as well as associated nutrient, SF6, FRRf,
chlorophyll, TCO2, TA and CTD data. This data set was updated 12/3/02 with nutrient
values rerun at MBARI. All original nutrient values were deleted (KJ). </p>
<p>Sampling and analysis methods for many of the data types are described in a SOFeX
'cruise report' contributed in April 2002 by Bob Bidigare and converted to a <a
href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/SOFeX_Cruise_Report_UH_MIT.pdf">PDF file</a>. Sampling methods described in
the cruise report are listed in the table below.</p>
<table width="640" border="0" cellspacing="2" class="dataDoc">
<tr>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Fraction Analyzed</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Method</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Samples</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Total phytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Fluorometric Chlorophyll</td>
<td class="content">170-280 ml, filtered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Group-specific autotrophs</td>
<td class="content">HPLC Pigments </td>
<td class="content">1-2 liter, filtered/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Autotrophic pico- & microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Large volume FCM, ship</td>
<td class="content">5-10 ml, live</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Bacteria and picophytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Dual-beam FCM, lab</td>
<td class="content">1 ml, preserved/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Auto- & heterotrophic nanoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Epifluor. Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">20-250 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Heterotrophic microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Inverted Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">100-500 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton populations</td>
<td class="content">Microscopy - Dissecting</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton biomass</td>
<td class="content">CHN Analyses</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, screened/frozen </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3 class="texthead">Publications associated with this dataset</h3>
<p>Buesseler, K.O., J.E. Andrews, S. Pike, M.A. Charette, L.E. Goldson, M.A. Brzezinski
and V.P. Lance (2005). Particle export during the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX).
<em>Limnology and Oceanography</em>, 50: 311-327. [ <a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/buesseler_etal_lo502005.pdf">PDF</a> ] </p>
<p class="texthead">Notes regarding this dataset:</p>
<h3 class="texthead">chlorophyll</h3>
<p>One complexity with the Polar Star chlorophyll data is that chlorophyll was measured on board (Turner fluorometer);
Dick Barber's group measured chlorophyll in the lab (reported in the larger bottle file, with size fractionated data too)
and there are some HPLC pigment data, which also result in a measure of HPLC derived total Chl-a. Users of
this dataset are encouraged to read the documentation carefully to ascertain which analysis technique was used to estimate
chlorophyll values.</p>
<p><strong>notes pertaining to chlorophyll (A. Hilting)</strong><br />
1. Peter Croot calibrated the fluorometer on the Polar Star with a one-point calibration using a chla standard made on board ship from a powder. The concentration of the standard can not be verified. The calibration assumes constant extraction volumes (8 ml) and filtration volumes (500 ml). Contact R. Barber or P. Croot for calibration equations. </p>
<p>2. Unless the volumes vary, Fo and Fa can be read directly from the fluorometer. </p>
<p>3. The edited spreadsheets correct for variation in filtration volumes (extraction volume does not appear to vary). </p>
<p>4. Chl-a is calculated as (Fo-Fa)1.909. 1.909 is = (r/r-1) where r is the before to after acidification ratio specific to Duke's Turner 10-AU fluorometer (The fluorometer used on the Melville during SOFeX) and r = 2.1. Polar Star used a Turner 10-AU fluorometer. The equation is from EPA Method 445.0 (Revision 1.2), In Vitro Determination of Chlorophyll a and Pheophytin a in Marine and Freshwater Algae by Fluorescence. (Arar and Collins, September 1997). The equations [chl a] = [r/(r-1)(Fo-Fa)]v/V and [phaeophytin a] = [(r/(r-1)(rFa-Fo)]v/V. </p>
<!-- 070226.clc. verified that reference is for pheophytin (not phaeophytin) -->
<p>5. Phaeophytin is calculated as (2.1Fa-Fo)1.909 </p>
<p>6. Unspecified (not logged) filter sizes are assumed to be GF/F and unspecified filtration volumes
are assumed to be 500 ml.</p>
<p>7. CH Stations and Underway grid samples 28 A-I are settling column experiments samples. See Ed Abraham for methods. </p>
<p>8. Bottle Cast two values are not included in the merged file. We are not sure which bottles the samples came from. </p>
<p>9. The size fractionation used a stacked set of funnels, with the water draining through the set by gravity, except for the lowermost 0.2 um filter,which was attached to a vacuum pump. (Size (Size Fractions: 0.22 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 20 mm). Note that this method differs from the methods used on the Melville and the Revelle. </p>
<p>10. GF/Fs were filtered separately on a 25 mm rig. </p>
<p>11. Per K. Buesseler, the sea surface water intake was 6 meters or less. We have assumed a actual depth of 6 meters for all underway samples. </p>
<p>12. A more detailed version is available. Contact K. Buesseler or R. Barber for more information. </p>
<!-- 070227. FRRF info added by cchandler (OCB-DMO); this section was not from the PIs -->
<h3 class="texthead">FRRF estimation of chlorophyll</h3>
<p>The shipboard surface/underway sampling system used a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) as another way
to determine chlorophyll concentration in the surface waters. The change in the quantum yield of chlorophyll
fluorescence induced by actinic light is used to derive photosynthetic parameters related to
Photosystem II (PS II). The functional (i.e., the photochemically effective) absorption cross-section of
PS II (Sigma PS II) describes the maximal efficiency of light utilization for photochemistry in PS II in units
of angstrom^2/quanta. The FRRF measures fluorescence transients induced by a series of brief subsaturating excitation
pulses, or `flashlets,' where the intensity, duration, and interval between them is independently controlled (Kolber <em>et al</em>., 1998).</p>
<p>For an in depth explanation of techniques used for determining FRRF results (including equations), please see the
complete reference: <br />
Kolber, Z.S., O. Prasil, and P.G. Falkowski. 1998. Measurements of variable chlorophyll
fluorescence using fast repetition rate techniques: defining methodology and
experimental protocols. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, <strong>1367</strong>(1-3), pgs. 88-106. [ ScienceDirect <a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1S-3V3M4TP-3/2/672f628df257260fe72a2fef612d26d8">PDF</a>
or DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728%2898%2900135-2" target="doilink" onClick="var doiWin; doiWin=window.open('http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2','doilink','scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,directories=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,status=yes'); doiWin.focus()">doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2</a> ] </p>
<h3 class="texthead">SF6 data</h3>
<p>Surface & Transect data: see worksheet "underwaySF6" for complete SF6 dataset
SF6 still considered preliminary as of Feb 2007 version of .xls merged file
</p>
<h3 class="texthead">Notes extracted from Excel comments</h3>
<p>this information was extracted from comments embedded within the Excel worksheet data cells
(organized here by data parameter name)</p>
<pre><span class="texthead">station</span>
T1: 5 stations with subsurface sampling using 10L Niskin on Kevlarsurface SF6
per usual "W to E" Transect
T2: is A. Hilting satellite image transect
<span class="texthead">cast or sample comments:</span>
T2: Th I and J do not correspond to chl I and J
uw grid 3: ahilting: Station number of the 5 um SF changed from uwg 5 to uwg 3. Date & time matched other uwg 3 stations.
uw grid 4: ahilting: no station number logged. Uw station 4 assumed from date & time logged.
uw grid 7: ahilting: station for 20 SF changed from uwg 2 to uwg 7. Date & time matched other uwg7 stations.
SC28 *: ahilting: Ed Abraham's settling column experiment. Size Fraction, volume extracted from E. Abraham.
<strong>depth:</strong>
BC: see comments in BC methods .html
T1: 25 m sample depth is an estimate from 'wire out'
<strong>SiO4</strong>
Johnson: MBARI VALUES
Selected Polar Star nutrients were reanalyzed at MBARI.
All of the original values are deleted and only the rerun values are listed here.
<strong>fluor_chl</strong>
R200: ahilting: u/w fluor logged under 20 SF
<strong>GFF CHl Rep1</strong>
R259: ahilting: not in SI transect 2 worksheet. Found in Uw_all worksheet
R279: ahilting:0.27 was reported as 5 um. GF/F was not reported. There were two 5 um values. Assumed error.
<strong>several Total HPLC Chls (mg/l) observations are mean values:</strong>
stationdepth
BC638.5
CTD519.6
CTD610.2
CTD635.4
CTD680.2
<strong>PI notes</strong> (embedded comments from the Excel column named: orign sample # or comments)
<strong>comments:</strong>
B168.04 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleshallow bottle did not
tripSample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, 234Th
B2125.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleSample for
SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, settle, 234Th, bacteria
CTD25.2ahilting:IN PATCH "shoulder?"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD1st In patch station w/Melville
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, HPLC, 234Th, POC, 15N, 13C, 3H, DNA, bSi (0.6 um),
phyto (lugols)CTD to 250m, 1st bottle at 150m
B3119.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger on end of line (20m below last bottle)
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, bSi, HPLC, 234Th
B4132.4OUT STATION "low chl". 6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols)
B5106.6OUT STATION "high chl"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, sals, nuts, 23Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols), bacteria
B6118.5OUT STATION "NW station"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols),
15N, 13C, bacteria
CTD49.7ahilting:IN PATCH "deep cast"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (0.6 um) , phyto (lugols), settling,
234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 500m, 1st bottle at 500m
CTD430.2bottle 19 and 15: nutrients from Nis 19 & 15 both labeled 15; so could be switched
CTD59.3OUT STN "east"24 x 10 L btlsTrans., Flu, & CTD Sample for SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chla-SF, AP, bSi (1um),
phyto (lugols), settling, HPLC, 234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 250m, 1st btl at 150m subsurface
chl max @ 50-60mswitch to 1.0 nucleopores for this cast & all later bSi on cruise
CTD64.9ahilting:IN PATCH "last call station"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (1um), phyto (lugols), CTD to 250m,
1st bottle at 150muse 1.0um for bSi </pre>
<h5 class="line_section_1"> </h5>
<p>In addition, this information from email exchanges (August 2002) between Ann Hilting (Duke University
NSEES Marine Laboratory) and Edward Abraham (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand) may be useful. </p>
<p>Underway grid, Samples 28, A-I had no filter size associated with them originally.
Per Chrissy's instructions, they should be GF/F samples but I think it is likely that
they are from different sized filters.
</p>
<p>I gathered as much information as I could for each sample. For underway stations,
I used time and date to get location and other information from the underway files.
For the bottle and CTD stations, I gathered data from bottle and CTD summary files.
The spreadsheet "merged all chl values" contains all of the gathered information.
We will select parameters from this spreadsheet for the file that will be distributed.
</p>
<p>Because I am not sure of the time and date of the CH stations (and thus the location),
I have not yet included them in the merged spreadsheet ("merged all chl values"). Because
I am not sure of the filter size for Samples 28, A-I, I have not entered the calculated (GF/F)
chlorophyll values in the merged spreadsheet. I am also not including chlorophyll data for
bottle cast two because we are not sure which bottles or depths the samples came from.
</p>
<p>Remaining issues to be resolved:<br />
Need correct time and date for the CH stations? <br />
Need filter sizes for underway grid sample 28 A-I? <br />
Need confirmation that these are the only Settling Column samples included in the spreadsheets? <br />
Which rig was used for the GF/Fs and were the GF/F filters 47 mm?
</p>
<p>Edward Abraham noted that the fluorometric chl's were on the low side compared
with those observed on the Revelle.
</p>
<p>The settling column sample numbers were all samples that began with the prefix SC. They were experimental
treatments put into a darkened, still, column to let the phytoplankton settle before sampling
out of the top and the bottom after 2 hours. The concentrations will therefore vary relative to what
was in the original sample, and this reflects phytoplankton sinking (and floating).
Although they won't be of use to other people, they may as well be left on the master sheet so that the
same calibration can be applied to all the data.
</p>
completed
Kenneth O. Buesseler
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2309
266 Woods Hole Road MS #25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
kbuesseler@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 27 February 2007
Unknown
event
date
yrDay
pDay_S
lon
lat
patch_loc
ev_type
station
bot
depth_n
depth
temp
sal_CTD
sal_bot
SF6
SiO4
PO4
NO3_NO2
NO3Si_ratio
FRRF_Fo
FRRF_Fm
FRRF_FvFm
FRRF_sigma
FRRF_tau
fluor
Fv_Fm
pCO2_approx
chl_fluor
fluoro_val
chl_a_GFF1
chl_a_GFF2
chl_a_20
chl_a_5
chl_a_2
chl_a_0d22
phaeo_a_GFF1
phaeo_a_GFF2
phaeo_a_20
phaeo_a_5
phaeo_a_2
phaeo_a_d222
chla_tot_HPLC
POC
PON
TALK
TCO2
comments
Niskin Bottle
theme
None, User defined
event
date
year day (Day of Year, or day of year and decimal time)
No BCO-DMO term
longitude
latitude
station
bottle number
depth nominal
depth
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity from CTD
salinity from water bottle samples
Silicate (reactive silica)
reactive phosphorus (PO4)
nitrate plus nitrite
fluorescence
particulate organic Carbon
particulate organic Nitrogen
total alkalinity (TA)
total Carbon Dioxide in seawater
comments
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
PS02_2002
service
Deployment Activity
Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
Iron Synthesis
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/2017
Iron Synthesis
The two main objectives of the Iron Synthesis program (SCOR Working Group proposal, 2005), are:
1. Data compilation: assembling a common open-access database of the in situ iron experiments, beginning with the first period (1993-2002; Ironex-1, Ironex-2, SOIREE, EisenEx, SEEDS-1; SOFeX, SERIES) where primary articles have already been published, to be followed by the 2004 experiments where primary articles are now in progress (EIFEX, SEEDS-2; SAGE, FeeP); similarly for the natural fertilizations S.O.JGOFS (1992), CROZEX (2004/2005) and KEOPS (2005).
2. Modeling and data synthesis of specific aspects of two or more such experiments for various topics such as physical mixing, phytoplankton productivity, overall ecosystem functioning, iron chemistry, CO2 budgeting, nutrient uptake ratios, DMS(P) processes, and combinations of these variables and processes.
SCOR Working Group proposal, 2005. "The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichments: Data Compilation and Modeling".
http://www.scor-int.org/Working_Groups/wg131.htm
See also: SCOR Proceedings Vol. 42 Concepcion, Chile October 2006, pgs: 13-16 2.3.3 Working Group on The Legacy of in situ Iron Enrichments: Data Compilation and Modeling.
The first objective of the Iron Synthesis program involves a data recovery effort aimed at assembling a common, open-access database of data and metadata from a series of in-situ ocean iron fertilization experiments conducted between 1993 and 2005. Initially, funding for this effort is being provided by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).
Through the combined efforts of the principal investigators of the individual projects and the staff of Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO), data currently available primarily through individuals, disparate reports and data agencies, and in multiple formats, are being collected and prepared for addition to the BCO-DMO database from which they will be freely available to the community.
As data are contributed to the BCO-DMO office, they are organized into four overlapping categories:
1. Level 1, basic metadata
(e.g., description of project/study, general location, PI(s), participants);
2. Level 2, detailed metadata and basic shipboard data and routine ship's operations
(e.g., CTDs, underway measurements, sampling event logs);
3. Level 3, detailed metadata and data from specialized observations
(e.g., discrete observations, experimental results, rate measurements) and
4. Level 4, remaining datasets
(e.g., highest level of detailed data available from each study).
Collaboration with BCO-DMO staff began in March of 2008 and initial efforts have been directed toward basic project descriptions, levels 1 and 2 metadata and basic data, with detailed and more detailed data files being incorporated as they become available and are processed.
Related file
Program Documentation
The Iron Synthesis Program is funded jointly by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF).
FeSynth
largerWorkCitation
program
Southern Ocean Iron Experiment
http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/SOFeX2002/
Southern Ocean Iron Experiment
<p>Before he passed away in 1993, John Martin suggested that an increase in the flow of iron-rich dust to the ocean causes phytoplankton (single celled algae) to grow. The increased photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from surface waters as the algae create biomass. This carbon dioxide is replaced by carbon dioxide gas that flows into the sea from the atmosphere. Reduced carbon dioxide in the atmosphere cools the planet (CO2 is a greenhouse gas that warms the earth). The results of this work, funded by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and the US Coast Guard, will be a much better understanding of how biological processes may regulate climate. (see Related Info: Fe cycle)</p>
<p>A direct test of the 'Martin Hypothesis' that trace concentrations of Fe are responsible for phytoplankton's ability to grow by direct experimental addition of Fe to the surface waters. Consequently the distribution of bioavailable Fe in the surface waters determines large geographical areas primary production and the following flux of fixed organic matter to the deep sea. The aim of the SOFeX project is to investigate the effects of iron fertilization on the productivity of the Southern Ocean. The results of this work will contribute significantly to our understanding of important biogeochemical processes which bear directly on the global carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and climate control.</p>
<p>The SOFeX-N and SOFeX-S designations are sometimes used to distinguish between two iron enriched patches - one in low silicate waters north of the polar front (SOFEX-N), and the other in high silicate waters south of the polar front (SOFEX-S). All three ships, Melville (MV), Revelle (RR) and Polar Star (PS), worked in SOFEX-S, but only the Revelle and Melville worked in the SOFeX N patch and shuttled between the two patches.</p>
SOFeX
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand
2007-02-27
Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Combined water sample data from variety of sampling devices from USCGC Polar Star cruise PS02_2002 in the Southern Ocean, south of New Zealand in 2002 (SOFeX project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15002.rdf
Name: event
Units: DDMMYY_hhmm
Description: <p>unique sampling event composite of day, month, year and time (GMT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15003.rdf
Name: date
Units: YYYYMMDD
Description: <p>date sampling began (GMT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15004.rdf
Name: yrDay
Units: DD.ddd
Description: <p>decimal day of year</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15005.rdf
Name: pDay_S
Units: DD.ddd
Description: <p>Patch Day South</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15006.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>longitude, negative denotes West</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15007.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>latitude, negative denotes South</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15008.rdf
Name: patch_loc
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>sampling location relative to patch</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15009.rdf
Name: ev_type
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>event type ID, uw or Transect</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15010.rdf
Name: station
Units: alpha_numeric
Description: <p>station location name</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15011.rdf
Name: bot
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Niskin bottle number (Nis.pos)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15012.rdf
Name: depth_n
Units: meters
Description: <p>depth, nominal; target depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15013.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>depth sample taken</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15014.rdf
Name: temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>temperature, from CTD, ITS-90 (from the WHOI logger system)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15015.rdf
Name: sal_CTD
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>salinity, from CTD, PSS-78 (PSU) (from the WHOI logger system)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15016.rdf
Name: sal_bot
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>salinity, bottle sample (PSU) (from salinometer)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15017.rdf
Name: SF6
Units: femtomolar
Description: <p>SF6 (preliminary from ship) (fM = femtomolar = 10^-15 mol per liter)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15018.rdf
Name: SiO4
Units: micromolar
Description: <p>Silicate (MBARI)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15019.rdf
Name: PO4
Units: micromolar
Description: <p>Phosphate (MBARI)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15020.rdf
Name: NO3_NO2
Units: micromolar
Description: <p>Nitrate + Nitrite (MBARI)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15021.rdf
Name: NO3Si_ratio
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>NO3/Si</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15022.rdf
Name: FRRF_Fo
Units: relative
Description: <p>initial fluorescence (FRRF surface/underway)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15023.rdf
Name: FRRF_Fm
Units: relative
Description: <p>maximal fluorescence (FRRF surface/underway)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15024.rdf
Name: FRRF_FvFm
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>variable to maximal FRRF fluorescence ratio (photosynthetic efficiency)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15025.rdf
Name: FRRF_sigma
Units: angstrom^2/quanta
Description: <p>FRRF Sigma (FRRF surface/underway)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15026.rdf
Name: FRRF_tau
Units: unknown
Description: <p>FRRF Tau (FRRF surface/underway)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15027.rdf
Name: fluor
Units: unknown
Description: <p>fluorescence</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15028.rdf
Name: Fv_Fm
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (photosynthetic efficiency)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15029.rdf
Name: pCO2_approx
Units: unknown
Description: <p>approx. pCO2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15030.rdf
Name: chl_fluor
Units: unknown
Description: <p>logged U/W fluor Chl</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15031.rdf
Name: fluoro_val
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Fluoro-Value surface/underway (from underway files)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15032.rdf
Name: chl_a_GFF1
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, GFF (Rep 1)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15033.rdf
Name: chl_a_GFF2
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, GFF (Rep 1)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15034.rdf
Name: chl_a_20
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, 20 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15035.rdf
Name: chl_a_5
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, 5 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15036.rdf
Name: chl_a_2
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, 2 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15037.rdf
Name: chl_a_0d22
Units: milligrams Chl per meter^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll-a, 0.22 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15038.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_GFF1
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, GFF (Rep 1)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15039.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_GFF2
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, GFF (Rep 2)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15040.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_20
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, 20 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15041.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_5
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, 5 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15042.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_2
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, 2 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15043.rdf
Name: phaeo_a_d222
Units: unknown
Description: <p>Phaeophytin a, 0.222 micron filter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15044.rdf
Name: chla_tot_HPLC
Units: milligrams/liter
Description: <p>Total HPLC Chla (need to QC- may be more data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15045.rdf
Name: POC
Units: micromolar
Description: <p>particulate organic Carbon (analyzed at WHOI by CHN)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15046.rdf
Name: PON
Units: micromolar
Description: <p>particulate organic Nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15047.rdf
Name: TALK
Units: micromol/kilogram SW
Description: <p>Total Alkalinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15048.rdf
Name: TCO2
Units: micromol/kilogram SW
Description: <p>Total CO2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/15049.rdf
Name: comments
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>comments</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
70575
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/vmmwM4Mh7gMjwO/bottle_samples.csv
bottle_samples.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 2804
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/2804/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<pre>
dates: 14 February 2002 to 21 February 2002 (20020214-20020221)
location: N: -65.23 S: -66.59 W: -173.00 E: -170.53
project/cruise: SOFeX/USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) cruise: PS02
platform: USCGC Polar Star
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/bottle_samples_PS.html">Methodology</a>
</pre>
<h3>SOFeX 2002 Polar Star cruise<br />
PI notes for all water sample bottle data</h3>
<p class="text">
13 February 2007: Prepared for OCB data system by Cyndy Chandler, OCB DMO (WHOI).<br />
Contact: Ken Buesseler (WHOI) with any questions pertaining to this dataset.
</p>
<p>Bottle sample data included in Master Water File: <br />
SF6/DOC/DIC/pCO2/23Th/HPLC/bSi/salinity/nutrients/Chl/phyto/bacteria </p>
<p><strong>Original Excel file downloaded from MBARI:</strong>
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls" title="orig file">copy of original Excel file</a></p>
<p>All Polar Star data are preliminary & comparisons to other cruises should be made
with caution until final QC and intercalibration work are completed.
For further inquiries contact Ken Buesseler (kbuesseler@whoi.edu)
</p>
<p>
<strong>The original Excel file contained multiple spreadsheets:</strong><br />
The Master Water File includes sample information for all water samples
collected underway and from casts as well as associated nutrient, SF6, FRRf,
chlorophyll, TCO2, TA and CTD data. This data set was updated 12/3/02 with nutrient
values rerun at MBARI. All original nutrient values were deleted (KJ). </p>
<p>Sampling and analysis methods for many of the data types are described in a SOFeX
'cruise report' contributed in April 2002 by Bob Bidigare and converted to a <a
href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/SOFeX_Cruise_Report_UH_MIT.pdf">PDF file</a>. Sampling methods described in
the cruise report are listed in the table below.</p>
<table width="640" border="0" cellspacing="2" class="dataDoc">
<tr>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Fraction Analyzed</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Method</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Samples</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Total phytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Fluorometric Chlorophyll</td>
<td class="content">170-280 ml, filtered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Group-specific autotrophs</td>
<td class="content">HPLC Pigments </td>
<td class="content">1-2 liter, filtered/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Autotrophic pico- & microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Large volume FCM, ship</td>
<td class="content">5-10 ml, live</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Bacteria and picophytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Dual-beam FCM, lab</td>
<td class="content">1 ml, preserved/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Auto- & heterotrophic nanoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Epifluor. Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">20-250 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Heterotrophic microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Inverted Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">100-500 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton populations</td>
<td class="content">Microscopy - Dissecting</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton biomass</td>
<td class="content">CHN Analyses</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, screened/frozen </td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<h3 class="texthead">Publications associated with this dataset</h3>
<p>Buesseler, K.O., J.E. Andrews, S. Pike, M.A. Charette, L.E. Goldson, M.A. Brzezinski
and V.P. Lance (2005). Particle export during the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX).
<em>Limnology and Oceanography</em>, 50: 311-327. [ <a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/buesseler_etal_lo502005.pdf">PDF</a> ] </p>
<p class="texthead">Notes regarding this dataset:</p>
<h3 class="texthead">chlorophyll</h3>
<p>One complexity with the Polar Star chlorophyll data is that chlorophyll was measured on board (Turner fluorometer);
Dick Barber's group measured chlorophyll in the lab (reported in the larger bottle file, with size fractionated data too)
and there are some HPLC pigment data, which also result in a measure of HPLC derived total Chl-a. Users of
this dataset are encouraged to read the documentation carefully to ascertain which analysis technique was used to estimate
chlorophyll values.</p>
<p><strong>notes pertaining to chlorophyll (A. Hilting)</strong><br />
1. Peter Croot calibrated the fluorometer on the Polar Star with a one-point calibration using a chla standard made on board ship from a powder. The concentration of the standard can not be verified. The calibration assumes constant extraction volumes (8 ml) and filtration volumes (500 ml). Contact R. Barber or P. Croot for calibration equations. </p>
<p>2. Unless the volumes vary, Fo and Fa can be read directly from the fluorometer. </p>
<p>3. The edited spreadsheets correct for variation in filtration volumes (extraction volume does not appear to vary). </p>
<p>4. Chl-a is calculated as (Fo-Fa)1.909. 1.909 is = (r/r-1) where r is the before to after acidification ratio specific to Duke's Turner 10-AU fluorometer (The fluorometer used on the Melville during SOFeX) and r = 2.1. Polar Star used a Turner 10-AU fluorometer. The equation is from EPA Method 445.0 (Revision 1.2), In Vitro Determination of Chlorophyll a and Pheophytin a in Marine and Freshwater Algae by Fluorescence. (Arar and Collins, September 1997). The equations [chl a] = [r/(r-1)(Fo-Fa)]v/V and [phaeophytin a] = [(r/(r-1)(rFa-Fo)]v/V. </p>
<!-- 070226.clc. verified that reference is for pheophytin (not phaeophytin) -->
<p>5. Phaeophytin is calculated as (2.1Fa-Fo)1.909 </p>
<p>6. Unspecified (not logged) filter sizes are assumed to be GF/F and unspecified filtration volumes
are assumed to be 500 ml.</p>
<p>7. CH Stations and Underway grid samples 28 A-I are settling column experiments samples. See Ed Abraham for methods. </p>
<p>8. Bottle Cast two values are not included in the merged file. We are not sure which bottles the samples came from. </p>
<p>9. The size fractionation used a stacked set of funnels, with the water draining through the set by gravity, except for the lowermost 0.2 um filter,which was attached to a vacuum pump. (Size (Size Fractions: 0.22 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 20 mm). Note that this method differs from the methods used on the Melville and the Revelle. </p>
<p>10. GF/Fs were filtered separately on a 25 mm rig. </p>
<p>11. Per K. Buesseler, the sea surface water intake was 6 meters or less. We have assumed a actual depth of 6 meters for all underway samples. </p>
<p>12. A more detailed version is available. Contact K. Buesseler or R. Barber for more information. </p>
<!-- 070227. FRRF info added by cchandler (OCB-DMO); this section was not from the PIs -->
<h3 class="texthead">FRRF estimation of chlorophyll</h3>
<p>The shipboard surface/underway sampling system used a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) as another way
to determine chlorophyll concentration in the surface waters. The change in the quantum yield of chlorophyll
fluorescence induced by actinic light is used to derive photosynthetic parameters related to
Photosystem II (PS II). The functional (i.e., the photochemically effective) absorption cross-section of
PS II (Sigma PS II) describes the maximal efficiency of light utilization for photochemistry in PS II in units
of angstrom^2/quanta. The FRRF measures fluorescence transients induced by a series of brief subsaturating excitation
pulses, or `flashlets,' where the intensity, duration, and interval between them is independently controlled (Kolber <em>et al</em>., 1998).</p>
<p>For an in depth explanation of techniques used for determining FRRF results (including equations), please see the
complete reference: <br />
Kolber, Z.S., O. Prasil, and P.G. Falkowski. 1998. Measurements of variable chlorophyll
fluorescence using fast repetition rate techniques: defining methodology and
experimental protocols. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, <strong>1367</strong>(1-3), pgs. 88-106. [ ScienceDirect <a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1S-3V3M4TP-3/2/672f628df257260fe72a2fef612d26d8">PDF</a>
or DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728%2898%2900135-2" target="doilink" onClick="var doiWin; doiWin=window.open('http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2','doilink','scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,directories=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,status=yes'); doiWin.focus()">doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2</a> ] </p>
<h3 class="texthead">SF6 data</h3>
<p>Surface & Transect data: see worksheet "underwaySF6" for complete SF6 dataset
SF6 still considered preliminary as of Feb 2007 version of .xls merged file
</p>
<h3 class="texthead">Notes extracted from Excel comments</h3>
<p>this information was extracted from comments embedded within the Excel worksheet data cells
(organized here by data parameter name)</p>
<pre><span class="texthead">station</span>
T1: 5 stations with subsurface sampling using 10L Niskin on Kevlarsurface SF6
per usual "W to E" Transect
T2: is A. Hilting satellite image transect
<span class="texthead">cast or sample comments:</span>
T2: Th I and J do not correspond to chl I and J
uw grid 3: ahilting: Station number of the 5 um SF changed from uwg 5 to uwg 3. Date & time matched other uwg 3 stations.
uw grid 4: ahilting: no station number logged. Uw station 4 assumed from date & time logged.
uw grid 7: ahilting: station for 20 SF changed from uwg 2 to uwg 7. Date & time matched other uwg7 stations.
SC28 *: ahilting: Ed Abraham's settling column experiment. Size Fraction, volume extracted from E. Abraham.
<strong>depth:</strong>
BC: see comments in BC methods .html
T1: 25 m sample depth is an estimate from 'wire out'
<strong>SiO4</strong>
Johnson: MBARI VALUES
Selected Polar Star nutrients were reanalyzed at MBARI.
All of the original values are deleted and only the rerun values are listed here.
<strong>fluor_chl</strong>
R200: ahilting: u/w fluor logged under 20 SF
<strong>GFF CHl Rep1</strong>
R259: ahilting: not in SI transect 2 worksheet. Found in Uw_all worksheet
R279: ahilting:0.27 was reported as 5 um. GF/F was not reported. There were two 5 um values. Assumed error.
<strong>several Total HPLC Chls (mg/l) observations are mean values:</strong>
stationdepth
BC638.5
CTD519.6
CTD610.2
CTD635.4
CTD680.2
<strong>PI notes</strong> (embedded comments from the Excel column named: orign sample # or comments)
<strong>comments:</strong>
B168.04 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleshallow bottle did not
tripSample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, 234Th
B2125.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleSample for
SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, settle, 234Th, bacteria
CTD25.2ahilting:IN PATCH "shoulder?"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD1st In patch station w/Melville
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, HPLC, 234Th, POC, 15N, 13C, 3H, DNA, bSi (0.6 um),
phyto (lugols)CTD to 250m, 1st bottle at 150m
B3119.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger on end of line (20m below last bottle)
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, bSi, HPLC, 234Th
B4132.4OUT STATION "low chl". 6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols)
B5106.6OUT STATION "high chl"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, sals, nuts, 23Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols), bacteria
B6118.5OUT STATION "NW station"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols),
15N, 13C, bacteria
CTD49.7ahilting:IN PATCH "deep cast"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (0.6 um) , phyto (lugols), settling,
234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 500m, 1st bottle at 500m
CTD430.2bottle 19 and 15: nutrients from Nis 19 & 15 both labeled 15; so could be switched
CTD59.3OUT STN "east"24 x 10 L btlsTrans., Flu, & CTD Sample for SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chla-SF, AP, bSi (1um),
phyto (lugols), settling, HPLC, 234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 250m, 1st btl at 150m subsurface
chl max @ 50-60mswitch to 1.0 nucleopores for this cast & all later bSi on cruise
CTD64.9ahilting:IN PATCH "last call station"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (1um), phyto (lugols), CTD to 250m,
1st bottle at 150muse 1.0um for bSi </pre>
<h5 class="line_section_1"> </h5>
<p>In addition, this information from email exchanges (August 2002) between Ann Hilting (Duke University
NSEES Marine Laboratory) and Edward Abraham (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand) may be useful. </p>
<p>Underway grid, Samples 28, A-I had no filter size associated with them originally.
Per Chrissy's instructions, they should be GF/F samples but I think it is likely that
they are from different sized filters.
</p>
<p>I gathered as much information as I could for each sample. For underway stations,
I used time and date to get location and other information from the underway files.
For the bottle and CTD stations, I gathered data from bottle and CTD summary files.
The spreadsheet "merged all chl values" contains all of the gathered information.
We will select parameters from this spreadsheet for the file that will be distributed.
</p>
<p>Because I am not sure of the time and date of the CH stations (and thus the location),
I have not yet included them in the merged spreadsheet ("merged all chl values"). Because
I am not sure of the filter size for Samples 28, A-I, I have not entered the calculated (GF/F)
chlorophyll values in the merged spreadsheet. I am also not including chlorophyll data for
bottle cast two because we are not sure which bottles or depths the samples came from.
</p>
<p>Remaining issues to be resolved:<br />
Need correct time and date for the CH stations? <br />
Need filter sizes for underway grid sample 28 A-I? <br />
Need confirmation that these are the only Settling Column samples included in the spreadsheets? <br />
Which rig was used for the GF/Fs and were the GF/F filters 47 mm?
</p>
<p>Edward Abraham noted that the fluorometric chl's were on the low side compared
with those observed on the Revelle.
</p>
<p>The settling column sample numbers were all samples that began with the prefix SC. They were experimental
treatments put into a darkened, still, column to let the phytoplankton settle before sampling
out of the top and the bottom after 2 hours. The concentrations will therefore vary relative to what
was in the original sample, and this reflects phytoplankton sinking (and floating).
Although they won't be of use to other people, they may as well be left on the master sheet so that the
same calibration can be applied to all the data.
</p>
from Cruise: PS02_2002 <pre>
dates: 14 February 2002 to 21 February 2002 (20020214-20020221)
location: N: -65.23 S: -66.59 W: -173.00 E: -170.53
project/cruise: SOFeX/USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) cruise: PS02
platform: USCGC Polar Star
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/bottle_samples_PS.html">Methodology</a>
</pre>
<h3>SOFeX 2002 Polar Star cruise<br />
PI notes for all water sample bottle data</h3>
<p class="text">
13 February 2007: Prepared for OCB data system by Cyndy Chandler, OCB DMO (WHOI).<br />
Contact: Ken Buesseler (WHOI) with any questions pertaining to this dataset.
</p>
<p>Bottle sample data included in Master Water File: <br />
SF6/DOC/DIC/pCO2/23Th/HPLC/bSi/salinity/nutrients/Chl/phyto/bacteria </p>
<p><strong>Original Excel file downloaded from MBARI:</strong>
<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls" title="orig file">copy of original Excel file</a></p>
<p>All Polar Star data are preliminary & comparisons to other cruises should be made
with caution until final QC and intercalibration work are completed.
For further inquiries contact Ken Buesseler (kbuesseler@whoi.edu)
</p>
<p>
<strong>The original Excel file contained multiple spreadsheets:</strong><br />
The Master Water File includes sample information for all water samples
collected underway and from casts as well as associated nutrient, SF6, FRRf,
chlorophyll, TCO2, TA and CTD data. This data set was updated 12/3/02 with nutrient
values rerun at MBARI. All original nutrient values were deleted (KJ). </p>
<p>Sampling and analysis methods for many of the data types are described in a SOFeX
'cruise report' contributed in April 2002 by Bob Bidigare and converted to a <a
href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/SOFeX_Cruise_Report_UH_MIT.pdf">PDF file</a>. Sampling methods described in
the cruise report are listed in the table below.</p>
<table width="640" border="0" cellspacing="2" class="dataDoc">
<tr>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Fraction Analyzed</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Method</strong></td>
<td class="colHdrTop"><strong>Samples</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Total phytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Fluorometric Chlorophyll</td>
<td class="content">170-280 ml, filtered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Group-specific autotrophs</td>
<td class="content">HPLC Pigments </td>
<td class="content">1-2 liter, filtered/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Autotrophic pico- & microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Large volume FCM, ship</td>
<td class="content">5-10 ml, live</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Bacteria and picophytoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Dual-beam FCM, lab</td>
<td class="content">1 ml, preserved/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Auto- & heterotrophic nanoplankton</td>
<td class="content">Epifluor. Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">20-250 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Heterotrophic microplankton</td>
<td class="content">Inverted Microscopy</td>
<td class="content">100-500 ml, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton populations</td>
<td class="content">Microscopy - Dissecting</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, preserved</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="content">Mesozooplankton biomass</td>
<td class="content">CHN Analyses</td>
<td class="content">Net tows, screened/frozen </td>
</tr>
</table>
<h3 class="texthead">Publications associated with this dataset</h3>
<p>Buesseler, K.O., J.E. Andrews, S. Pike, M.A. Charette, L.E. Goldson, M.A. Brzezinski
and V.P. Lance (2005). Particle export during the Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX).
<em>Limnology and Oceanography</em>, 50: 311-327. [<a href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/buesseler_etal_lo502005.pdf">PDF</a>]</p>
<p class="texthead">Notes regarding this dataset:</p>
<h3 class="texthead">chlorophyll</h3>
<p>One complexity with the Polar Star chlorophyll data is that chlorophyll was measured on board (Turner fluorometer);
Dick Barber's group measured chlorophyll in the lab (reported in the larger bottle file, with size fractionated data too)
and there are some HPLC pigment data, which also result in a measure of HPLC derived total Chl-a. Users of
this dataset are encouraged to read the documentation carefully to ascertain which analysis technique was used to estimate
chlorophyll values.</p>
<p><strong>notes pertaining to chlorophyll (A. Hilting)</strong><br />
1. Peter Croot calibrated the fluorometer on the Polar Star with a one-point calibration using a chla standard made on board ship from a powder. The concentration of the standard can not be verified. The calibration assumes constant extraction volumes (8 ml) and filtration volumes (500 ml). Contact R. Barber or P. Croot for calibration equations. </p>
<p>2. Unless the volumes vary, Fo and Fa can be read directly from the fluorometer. </p>
<p>3. The edited spreadsheets correct for variation in filtration volumes (extraction volume does not appear to vary). </p>
<p>4. Chl-a is calculated as (Fo-Fa)1.909. 1.909 is = (r/r-1) where r is the before to after acidification ratio specific to Duke's Turner 10-AU fluorometer (The fluorometer used on the Melville during SOFeX) and r = 2.1. Polar Star used a Turner 10-AU fluorometer. The equation is from EPA Method 445.0 (Revision 1.2), In Vitro Determination of Chlorophyll a and Pheophytin a in Marine and Freshwater Algae by Fluorescence. (Arar and Collins, September 1997). The equations [chl a] = [r/(r-1)(Fo-Fa)]v/V and [phaeophytin a] = [(r/(r-1)(rFa-Fo)]v/V. </p>
<!-- 070226.clc. verified that reference is for pheophytin (not phaeophytin) -->
<p>5. Phaeophytin is calculated as (2.1Fa-Fo)1.909 </p>
<p>6. Unspecified (not logged) filter sizes are assumed to be GF/F and unspecified filtration volumes
are assumed to be 500 ml.</p>
<p>7. CH Stations and Underway grid samples 28 A-I are settling column experiments samples. See Ed Abraham for methods. </p>
<p>8. Bottle Cast two values are not included in the merged file. We are not sure which bottles the samples came from. </p>
<p>9. The size fractionation used a stacked set of funnels, with the water draining through the set by gravity, except for the lowermost 0.2 um filter,which was attached to a vacuum pump. (Size (Size Fractions: 0.22 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 20 mm). Note that this method differs from the methods used on the Melville and the Revelle. </p>
<p>10. GF/Fs were filtered separately on a 25 mm rig. </p>
<p>11. Per K. Buesseler, the sea surface water intake was 6 meters or less. We have assumed a actual depth of 6 meters for all underway samples. </p>
<p>12. A more detailed version is available. Contact K. Buesseler or R. Barber for more information. </p>
<!-- 070227. FRRF info added by cchandler (OCB-DMO); this section was not from the PIs -->
<h3 class="texthead">FRRF estimation of chlorophyll</h3>
<p>The shipboard surface/underway sampling system used a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) as another way
to determine chlorophyll concentration in the surface waters. The change in the quantum yield of chlorophyll
fluorescence induced by actinic light is used to derive photosynthetic parameters related to
Photosystem II (PS II). The functional (i.e., the photochemically effective) absorption cross-section of
PS II (Sigma PS II) describes the maximal efficiency of light utilization for photochemistry in PS II in units
of Å^2/quanta. The FRRF measures fluorescence transients induced by a series of brief subsaturating excitation
pulses, or `flashlets,' where the intensity, duration, and interval between them is independently controlled (Kolber <em>et al</em>., 1998).</p>
<p>For an in depth explanation of techniques used for determining FRRF results (including equations), please see the
complete reference: <br />
Kolber, Z.S., O. Prasil, and P.G. Falkowski. 1998. Measurements of variable chlorophyll
fluorescence using fast repetition rate techniques: defining methodology and
experimental protocols. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, <strong>1367</strong>(1-3), pgs. 88-106. [ ScienceDirect <a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T1S-3V3M4TP-3/2/672f628df257260fe72a2fef612d26d8">PDF</a>
or DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728%2898%2900135-2" target="doilink" onClick="var doiWin; doiWin=window.open('http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2','doilink','scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,directories=yes,toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,status=yes'); doiWin.focus()">doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00135-2</a> ] </p>
<h3 class="texthead">SF6 data</h3>
<p>Surface & Transect data: see worksheet "underwaySF6" for complete SF6 dataset
SF6 still considered preliminary as of Feb 2007 version of .xls merged file
</p>
<h3 class="texthead">Notes extracted from Excel comments</h3>
<p>this information was extracted from comments embedded within the Excel worksheet data cells
(organized here by data parameter name)</p>
<pre><span class="texthead">station</span>
T1: 5 stations with subsurface sampling using 10L Niskin on Kevlarsurface SF6
per usual "W to E" Transect
T2: is A. Hilting satellite image transect
<span class="texthead">cast or sample comments:</span>
T2: Th I and J do not correspond to chl I and J
uw grid 3: ahilting: Station number of the 5 um SF changed from uwg 5 to uwg 3. Date & time matched other uwg 3 stations.
uw grid 4: ahilting: no station number logged. Uw station 4 assumed from date & time logged.
uw grid 7: ahilting: station for 20 SF changed from uwg 2 to uwg 7. Date & time matched other uwg7 stations.
SC28 *: ahilting: Ed Abraham's settling column experiment. Size Fraction, volume extracted from E. Abraham.
<strong>depth:</strong>
BC: see comments in BC methods .html
T1: 25 m sample depth is an estimate from 'wire out'
<strong>SiO4</strong>
Johnson: MBARI VALUES
Selected Polar Star nutrients were reanalyzed at MBARI.
All of the original values are deleted and only the rerun values are listed here.
<strong>fluor_chl</strong>
R200: ahilting: u/w fluor logged under 20 SF
<strong>GFF CHl Rep1</strong>
R259: ahilting: not in SI transect 2 worksheet. Found in Uw_all worksheet
R279: ahilting:0.27 was reported as 5 um. GF/F was not reported. There were two 5 um values. Assumed error.
<strong>several Total HPLC Chls (mg/l) observations are mean values:</strong>
stationdepth
BC638.5
CTD519.6
CTD610.2
CTD635.4
CTD680.2
<strong>PI notes</strong> (embedded comments from the Excel column named: orign sample # or comments)
<strong>comments:</strong>
B168.04 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleshallow bottle did not
tripSample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, 234Th
B2125.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/WHOI pressure & T logger on deepest bottleSample for
SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, settle, 234Th, bacteria
CTD25.2ahilting:IN PATCH "shoulder?"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD1st In patch station w/Melville
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, HPLC, 234Th, POC, 15N, 13C, 3H, DNA, bSi (0.6 um),
phyto (lugols)CTD to 250m, 1st bottle at 150m
B3119.06 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger on end of line (20m below last bottle)
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chl, FRRF, bSi, HPLC, 234Th
B4132.4OUT STATION "low chl". 6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols)
B5106.6OUT STATION "high chl"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, sals, nuts, 23Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols), bacteria
B6118.5OUT STATION "NW station"6 10L bottles on Kevlar w/Polar Star CTD logger & Flu senso on end of line
(20m below last bottle) Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, 234Th, Chl, HPLC, bSi, phyto (lugols),
15N, 13C, bacteria
CTD49.7ahilting:IN PATCH "deep cast"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (0.6 um) , phyto (lugols), settling,
234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 500m, 1st bottle at 500m
CTD430.2bottle 19 and 15: nutrients from Nis 19 & 15 both labeled 15; so could be switched
CTD59.3OUT STN "east"24 x 10 L btlsTrans., Flu, & CTD Sample for SF6, DIC, salts, nuts, chla-SF, AP, bSi (1um),
phyto (lugols), settling, HPLC, 234Th, 15N, 13C, bacteria, DNA, CTD to 250m, 1st btl at 150m subsurface
chl max @ 50-60mswitch to 1.0 nucleopores for this cast & all later bSi on cruise
CTD64.9ahilting:IN PATCH "last call station"24 x 10 L bottlesTransmission, Flu, & CTD
Sample for SF6, DOC, DIC, salts, nuts, chla, AP, bSi (1um), phyto (lugols), CTD to 250m,
1st bottle at 150muse 1.0um for bSi </pre>
<h5 class="line_section_1"> </h5>
<p>In addition, this information from email exchanges (August 2002) between Ann Hilting (Duke University
NSEES Marine Laboratory) and Edward Abraham (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand) may be useful. </p>
<p>Underway grid, Samples 28, A-I had no filter size associated with them originally.
Per Chrissy's instructions, they should be GF/F samples but I think it is likely that
they are from different sized filters.
</p>
<p>I gathered as much information as I could for each sample. For underway stations,
I used time and date to get location and other information from the underway files.
For the bottle and CTD stations, I gathered data from bottle and CTD summary files.
The spreadsheet "merged all chl values" contains all of the gathered information.
We will select parameters from this spreadsheet for the file that will be distributed.
</p>
<p>Because I am not sure of the time and date of the CH stations (and thus the location),
I have not yet included them in the merged spreadsheet ("merged all chl values"). Because
I am not sure of the filter size for Samples 28, A-I, I have not entered the calculated (GF/F)
chlorophyll values in the merged spreadsheet. I am also not including chlorophyll data for
bottle cast two because we are not sure which bottles or depths the samples came from.
</p>
<p>Remaining issues to be resolved:<br />
Need correct time and date for the CH stations? <br />
Need filter sizes for underway grid sample 28 A-I? <br />
Need confirmation that these are the only Settling Column samples included in the spreadsheets? <br />
Which rig was used for the GF/Fs and were the GF/F filters 47 mm?
</p>
<p>Edward Abraham noted that the fluorometric chl's were on the low side compared
with those observed on the Revelle.
</p>
<p>The settling column sample numbers were all samples that began with the prefix SC. They were experimental
treatments put into a darkened, still, column to let the phytoplankton settle before sampling
out of the top and the bottom after 2 hours. The concentrations will therefore vary relative to what
was in the original sample, and this reflects phytoplankton sinking (and floating).
Although they won't be of use to other people, they may as well be left on the master sheet so that the
same calibration can be applied to all the data.
</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<pre>
Change history: YYMMDD
070209: <a
href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls">Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls original data</a> downloaded from SOFeX project Web site
070213: added to OCB database by Cyndy Chandler, OCB DMO, (cchandler@whoi.edu)
OCB DMO Notes:
070213: no final event log with which to compare geospatial, temporal data
070213: data is not final; awaiting PI review
Many notes and comments regarding original sample collection were embedded
as comments within the Excel spreadsheet data cells. The comments were collected
and can be viewed in the Methodology document.
The u/w indicates samples from shipboard surface/underway sea water intake;
measurement devices included at least a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF,
PI was Edward Abraham), a CO2 sensor (PI was Ric Wanninkof), and a fluorometer.
</pre>
from Cruise: PS02_2002 <pre>
Change history: YYMMDD
070209: <a
href="http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/PI-NOTES/Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls">Polar_Star_Masterfile_Final_Nutrerun.xls original data</a> downloaded from SOFeX project Web site
070213: added to OCB database by Cyndy Chandler, OCB DMO, (cchandler@whoi.edu)
OCB DMO Notes:
070213: no final event log with which to compare geospatial, temporal data
070213: data is not final; awaiting PI review
Many notes and comments regarding original sample collection were embedded
as comments within the Excel spreadsheet data cells. The comments were collected
and can be viewed in the Methodology document.
The u/w indicates samples from shipboard surface/underway sea water intake;
measurement devices included at least a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF,
PI was Edward Abraham), a CO2 sensor (PI was Ric Wanninkof), and a fluorometer.
</pre>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin Bottle
Niskin Bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin Bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: PS02_2002
PS02_2002
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
USCGC Polar Star
vessel
PS02_2002
Kenneth O. Buesseler
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
http://ocb.whoi.edu/SOFeX/CRUISES/proj_description.pdf
Report describing PS02_2002
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
USCGC Polar Star
vessel