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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2991.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Knotless Codend Mesh Selectivity: fish catch data, Gulf of Maine, from F/V Jeanne C. NEC-KP2002-1 from April to July 2003 (NEC_ProjDev project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Pinkham, K., Morse, D. (2006) Knotless Codend Mesh Selectivity: fish catch data, Gulf of Maine, from F/V Jeanne C. NEC-KP2002-1 from April to July 2003 (NEC_ProjDev project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 6 June 2006) Version Date 2006-06-06 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/2991 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Knotless Codend Mesh Selectivity: fish catch data, Gulf of Maine, 2003 Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;quot;Feasibility Study for Knotless Cod Ends&amp;amp;quot;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;report: &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://nec.whoi.edu/pdf/Knotless_final_report.pdf&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Sea Trials to Assess Knotless Codend Mesh Selectivity by Dana L. Morse, Capt. Kelo Pinkham.&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;quot;The selectivity of knotless twine used in the codend of a groundfish trawl was tested relative to a standard codend constructed of knotted twine, in two companion projects. In 2003, 25 tow pair (50 tows) tests were conducted. Analysis of catch per unit effort and length frequency by species detected only a small difference between catches from the knotless and knotted codends. Video footage suggests a general tendency for the knotless twine to remain more fully open during trawling. Escapees from knotless codends may suffer less scale loss and other damage during the escape process. The knotless twine is lighter, easier to handle, and more supple. Future work should focus on the health of escapees, and on continued field trials, including square mesh arrangements. Larger sample sizes and covered codend experiments would help to more fully describe the selectivity of knotless twine in the Northeast groundfish fishery. Evaluations were somewhat hampered by low catches in both control and experimental tows. A research brief is available on the project, which describes some of the positives and negatives of using knotless twine.&amp;amp;quot; &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;extracted from: Summary of Completed Cooperative Research Projects Funded by the Northeast Consortium, January 2006&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;table width=&amp;quot;50%&amp;quot; cellspacing=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot; border=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;caption&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;div align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Movies taken during knotless codends experiment       &amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;style1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(by Bill Lee)    &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
    &amp;lt;/caption&amp;gt;
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        &amp;lt;tr&amp;gt;
            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://nec.whoi.edu/knotless_movies/Cod_in_knotless.mov&amp;quot;&amp;gt;cod&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;knotless&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
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            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://nec.whoi.edu/knotless_movies/Whiting_knotless.mov&amp;quot;&amp;gt;whiting&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;knotless&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
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            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://nec.whoi.edu/knotless_movies/Hake_from_knotted.mov&amp;quot;&amp;gt;hake&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
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            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://nec.whoi.edu/knotless_movies/determined_flounder_knotted.mov&amp;quot;&amp;gt;flounder&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
            &amp;lt;td&amp;gt;knotted&amp;lt;/td&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;/table&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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While fishing for flatfish the beam trawl is often equipped with tickler chains to disturb the fish from the seabed. For operations on very rough fishing grounds they can be equipped with chain matrices. Chain matrices are rigged between the beam and the groundrope and prevent boulders/stones from being caught by the trawl. Shrimp beam trawls  are not so heavy and have smaller mesh sizes. A bobbin of groundrope with rubber bobbins keeps the shrimp beam trawl in contact with the bottom and gives flatfish the opportunity to escape.
Close bottom contact is necessary for successful operation. To avoid bycatch of most juvenile fishes selectivity devices are assembled (sieve nets, sorting grids, escape holes). While targeting flatfish the beam trawls are towed up to seven knots, therefore the gear is very heavy; the largest gears weighs up to 10 ton. The towing speed for shrimp is between 2.5 and 3 knots.
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