Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls from F/V Great Pacific and R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific, 2001-2004 (NEP project)

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3013
Data Type: Cruise Results
Version: 1
Version Date: 2009-02-20

Project
» U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific (NEP)

Program
» U.S. GLOBal ocean ECosystems dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Cokelet, Edward D.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA-PMEL)Co-Principal Investigator
Coyle, Kenneth O.University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)Co-Principal Investigator
Danielson, Seth L.University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF)Co-Principal Investigator
Farley, Edward V.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Alaska Fisheries Science Center (NOAA-AFSC-Auke)Co-Principal Investigator
Moss, Jamal HasanUniversity of Washington (UW)Scientist, Scientist, Contact, Contact
Copley, NancyWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager

Abstract
Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls from F/V Great Pacific and R/V Miller Freeman multiple cruises in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, NE Pacific, 2001-2004.


Coverage

Spatial Extent: N:60.0407 E:-137.1962 S:54.29 W:-157.4333
Temporal Extent: 2001-07-17 - 2004-10-19

Dataset Description

Metadata for tucker trawls and bongo net hauls in the Gulf of Alaska during 2001 - 2003

co-PI: Edward D. Cokelet (NOAA/OAR/PMEL)
co-PI: Edward V. Farley (NOAA/NMFS)
co-PI: Seth Danielson (IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)
co-PI: Ken Coyle (IMS, U. Alaska - Fairbanks)
updated July 2008

Marine Ecosystem Monitoring in the Northern Gulf of Alaska web site
GAK1 Time Series web site
cruise reports web site

GLOBEC 2000: Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program
T. Weingartner, L. Haldorson, R. Hopcroft, K. Coyle, T. E. Whitledge (all at University of Alaska, Fairbanks), T. Royer (Old Dominion University)

This project is to conduct the Gulf of Alaska Long-Term Observation Program (GOA-LTOP) as part of Phase II of the Northeast Pacific (NEP) GLOBEC program. The GOA shelf supports a rich ecosystem that includes many commercially important fisheries. The basis for this productivity is enigmatic for the GOA shelf is deep, forced by downwelling-favorable winds, and fed by a massive nutrient-poor coastal freshwater discharge. Both the winds and the freshwater discharge are intimately linked to the strength and position of the Aleutian Low. The GOA ecosystem experiences substantial physical and biological changes on decadal and interannual time scales. Although some of these changes are correlated with various climatic indices a mechanistic understanding of climate change and ecosystem response is unavailable. The generic goal of this LTOP is to understand and quantify temporal (seasonal and interannual) and spatial (cross- and along-shelf) variations in the thermohaline, chemical, and biological properties and relationships of this shelf. Our proposal supports GLOBEC goals that will help: 1) retrospective studies interpret historical data, 2) design a cost-effective long-term monitoring program, 3) provide the seasonal and interannual context for concurrent mesoscale and process studies, and 4) provide boundary conditions and data sets for model evaluation. This 5-year project entails 4 field years and a fifth year for data analyses and synthesis. The field effort involves seven, 9-day interdisciplinary cruises/year in the northern GOA. The study area encompasses the 220-km long, Seward Line (sampled in the 1970s) that extends across the shelf and slope and high resolution sampling of the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC), upstream, downstream, and within Prince William Sound. The ACC is an important shelf habitat for yoy salmon migrating from nursery areas in the sound and into the GOA. The sampling effort (Table A) is year-round and motivated by seasonally significant physical and biological events affecting yoy pink salmon.

Table A. Sampling schedule and rationale for GOA-LTOP. (Key for Winds, Discharge and Stratification: S=strong; M=moderate; W=weak; D=downwelling winds; U=upwelling winds; V=variable; L=low; H=high) Deep water moves onshore during the July-August upwelling period.

Month Sampling Physical Rationale Biological Rationale
CTD Nutrients Zoo Fish Winds Disch Strat
March X X X   D S L W Zooplankton migrate from depth (at shelfbreak); transported inshore.
April X X X   D M L-M W V Phytoplankton bloom
May X X X   D M-W M M V Maximum oceanic copepod biomass.
July X X X X D/U W M-H S Maximum zooplankton abundance; YOY salmon enter shelf.
August X X X X D/U W M-H S Maximum YOY salmon abundance on shelf.
October X X X X D S H H YOY salmon on shelf.
December X X X   D S M M Fall-winter pre-conditioning for spring nutrients, small zooplankton.

 

The sampling protocol follows GLOBEC guidelines and uses gear types and techniques similar to those in the Oregon LTOP that is also a part of the NEP-GLOBEC program. Most of the research will be conducted from the R/V Alpha Helix. Fish sampling will be done from a chartered trawler in July, August, and October. Both vessels will work together during these cruises so that the fishing charter can verify fish targets detected on the acoustics array towed from the Alpha Helix.

 


This page was last updated on September 22, 2000.

Maintained by:
Hal Batchelder [hbatchelder@coas.oregonstate.edu
College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
phone: 541-737-4500; FAX 541-737-2064


Methods & Sampling

The OCC/GLOBEC survey occurred along the coastal waters of the Gulf of Alaska and in Shelikof Strait, AK during 2001-2004. Transects sampled during the survey were perpendicular to shore and extended from nearshore across the continental shelf to oceanic waters beyond the 200-m shelf break. The survey was conducted aboard the contract fishing vessel F/V Great Pacific during 2001-2002 and 2004, and aboard NOAA Ship Miller Freeman during 2003.

Fish samples were collected in a 198-m long mid-water rope trawl with hexagonal mesh wings and body, and a 1.2-cm mesh liner in the codend. The rope trawl was towed at 6.5 to 9.3 km • hour-1, at or near surface, and had a typical spread of 40-m horizontally and 15-m vertically. All tows lasted 30 minutes and covered 2.8 to 4.6 km, and sampling was done during daylight hours; however, tows occurred during night as part of a 24-hour repeat sampling of a single station for one day during 2001 and 2003.

Once the net was hauled aboard, salmon and other fishes were sorted by species and counted. Standard biological measurements including fork length, body weight, and sex were taken from sub-samples of all salmon species. Sub-samples of juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon were frozen whole for laboratory analyses of food habits, otolith hatchery thermal marks (pink and chum salmon), and genetic analysis (chum salmon).

Plankton samples were collected using a 1-m2 Tucker trawl fitted with a 505-micron mesh net that was towed near surface (approximately 1 knot) for 5 minutes (2001-2003 surveys). During 2004, plankton samples were collected using a WP-2 net fitted with a 253-micron mesh net that was deployed vertically to a depth of 100-m depth. The volume of water filtered by the net was estimated using flow meters. Plankton samples were transferred into vials, preserved in 5% formalin onboard the ship, and stored until a laboratory analysis was completed.


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Data Files

File
tucker_bongo_meta.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 42.70 KB)
MD5:f96ca079b11d07abe94b4089e8b4b08f
Primary data file for dataset ID 3013

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
transect_nametransect name dimensionless
stationstation code: CSE, Cape St. Elias CC, Cape Cleare GAK, Gulf of Alaska, Seward Line CCH, Cape Chiniak GP, Gore Point CK, Cape Kekurnoi IB, CKA, Cape Kaguyak IP, Icy Point CN, Cape Nukshak OC, Ocean Cape dimensionless
habitatDescription/name of habitat. dimensionless
yrday_locallocal day and decimal time, as 326.5 for the 326th day of the year, or November 22 at 1200 hours (noon) dimensionless
yearyear, e.g. 2002 dimensionless
month_localmonth of year, local time dimensionless
day_localnumerical day of month, local time dimensionless
haul_idtow identification dimensionless
time_local_startstarting time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock dimensionless
lat_startlatitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative) decimal degrees
lon_startlongitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative) decimal degrees
distance_startdistance from ? at start nautical miles
depth_startnet depth at start of sampling meters
lat_endlatitude at end time of measurement (south in negative) decimal degrees
lon_endlongitude at end time of measurement (west is negative) decimal degrees
distance_enddistance from ? at end of sampling nautical miles
depth_endnet depth at end of sampling meters
temp_endtemperature at end degrees Celsius
bongo_flagY=bongo tow taken at station; N=bongo tow not taken at station dimensionless
ctd_flagY=CTD taken at station; N=CTD not taken at station dimensionless
sea_statewave height and type comment dimensionless
sky_conditioncloud cover/weather comment dimensionless
wind_speedwind speed knots
tucker_flagY=Tucker trawl tow taken at station; N=Tucker trawl tow not taken at station dimensionless
commentsFree-text comments. dimensionless
cruiseidCruise identifier unitless


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Instruments

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Bongo Nets
Generic Instrument Name
Bongo Net
Dataset-specific Description
Net mesh sizes were 335 and 505 microns
Generic Instrument Description
A Bongo Net consists of paired plankton nets, typically with a 60 cm diameter mouth opening and varying mesh sizes, 10 to 1000 micron. The Bongo Frame was designed by the National Marine Fisheries Service for use in the MARMAP program. It consists of two cylindrical collars connected with a yoke so that replicate samples are collected at the same time. Variations in models are designed for either vertical hauls (OI-2500 = NMFS Pairovet-Style, MARMAP Bongo, CalVET) or both oblique and vertical hauls (Aquatic Research). The OI-1200 has an opening and closing mechanism that allows discrete "known-depth" sampling. This model is large enough to filter water at the rate of 47.5 m3/minute when towing at a speed of two knots. More information: Ocean Instruments, Aquatic Research, Sea-Gear

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
CTD Seabird 19
Generic Instrument Name
CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT 19
Dataset-specific Description
Seabird Seacat SBE 19 CTD, equipped with a WetStar fluorometer
Generic Instrument Description
The Sea-Bird SBE 19 SEACAT Recorder measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth). The SEACAT is self-powered and self-contained and can be deployed in profiling or moored mode. The SBE 19 SEACAT was replaced in 2001 by the 19plus. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Tucker Trawl
Generic Instrument Name
Tucker Trawl
Dataset-specific Description
Tucker: 1-m2 trawl with 0.505-mm mesh; towed near surface for 5 minutes; flow-metered volume
Generic Instrument Description
The original Tucker Trawl, a net with a rectangular mouth opening first built in 1951 by G.H. Tucker, was not an opening/closing system, but shortly thereafter it was modified so that it could be opened and closed.  The original had a 183 cm by 183 cm flexible rectangular mouth opening 914 cm long net with 1.8 cm stretched mesh for the first 457 cm and 1.3 cm mesh for last 457 cm. 152 cm of coarse plankton or muslin netting lined the end of the net. Tucker designed the net to collect animals associated with the deep scattering layers, principally euphausiids, siphonophores, and midwater fish. (from Wiebe and Benfield, 2003). Currently used Tucker Trawls usually have 1-m2 openings and can have a single net or multiple nets on the frame.


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Deployments

GP0108

Website
Platform
F/V Great Pacific
Report
Start Date
2001-07-17
End Date
2001-08-06
Description
The July - August 2001 OCC/GLOBEC cruise focused on salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and zooplankton distribution, and physical properties (current, temperature, and salinity) along 11 transects beginning at Icy Point near northern Southeast Alaska and ending at Cape Kaguyak at the western end of Kodiak Island. Sampling along each transect occurred over the continental shelf of the Gulf of Alaska and beyond the 200-m slope and into oceanic depths. The purpose was to investigate the relationships between biological and physical oceanographic processes that affect the distribution of juvenile salmon in the coastal Gulf of Alaska. This deployment was also known as GP0101.

MF0310

Website
Platform
R/V Miller Freeman
Report
Start Date
2003-07-18
End Date
2003-08-09

GP0207-01

Website
Platform
F/V Great Pacific
Report
Start Date
2002-07-11
End Date
2002-07-27
Description
NEP GLOBEC gave this cruise the designation GP0207 and NOAA gave this cruise the designation GP0201. The data say 0201. The cruise report, inventory and eventlog say GP0207. 18 May 2011, dld - This cruise consisted of Leg 1 and Leg 2. Metadata is edited to reflect this information gleaned from the event log and the cruise report. The cruise report starts with a transit, not the science. Leg 1 includes the 11-16 July 2002 transit from Dutch Harbor to Yakutat where science personnel and gear were picked up. The Leg ends on 27 July in Seward. Chief Scientist was Edward D. Cokelet. Leg 2 departed Seward on 28 July and arrived in Dutch Harbor on 8 August with Christine Kondzela as Chief Scientist.

GP0401-01

Website
Platform
F/V Great Pacific
Report
Start Date
2004-10-17
End Date
2004-10-28
Description
23 May 2011, dld - This cruise consisted of Leg 1 and Leg 2. Metadata is edited to reflect this information gleaned from the event log and the cruise report. Leg 1 departed Dutch Harbor. The Leg ended in Kodiak. Chief Scientist was Jamal H. Moss. Leg 2 departed Kodiak and arrived in Dutch Harbor. Chief Scientist was Edward D. Cokelet.

GP0207-02

Website
Platform
F/V Great Pacific
Report
Start Date
2002-07-28
End Date
2002-08-08
Description
NEP GLOBEC gave this cruise the designation GP0207 and NOAA gave this cruise the designation GP0201. The data say 0201. The cruise report, inventory and eventlog say GP0207. 18 May 2011, dld - This cruise consisted of Leg 1 and Leg 2. Metadata is edited to reflect this information gleaned from the event log and the cruise report. The cruise report starts with a transit, not the science. Leg 1 includes the 11-16 July 2002 transit from Dutch Harbor to Yakutat where science personnel and gear were picked up. The Leg ends on 27 July in Seward. Chief Scientist was Edward D. Cokelet. Leg 2 departed Seward on 28 July and arrived in Dutch Harbor on 8 August with Christine Kondzela as Chief Scientist.

GP0401-02

Website
Platform
F/V Great Pacific
Report
Start Date
2004-11-01
End Date
2004-11-12
Description
23 May 2011, dld - This cruise consisted of Leg 1 and Leg 2. Metadata is edited to reflect this information gleaned from the event log and the cruise report. Leg 1 departed Dutch Harbor. The Leg ended in Kodiak. Chief Scientist was Jamal H. Moss. Leg 2 departed Kodiak and arrived in Dutch Harbor. Chief Scientist was Edward D. Cokelet.


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Project Information

U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific (NEP)


Coverage: Northeast Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Alaska


Program in a Nutshell

Goal: To understand the effects of climate variability and climate change on the distribution, abundance and production of marine animals (including commercially important living marine resources) in the eastern North Pacific. To embody this understanding in diagnostic and prognostic ecosystem models, capable of capturing the ecosystem response to major climatic fluctuations.

Approach: To study the effects of past and present climate variability on the population ecology and population dynamics of marine biota and living marine resources, and to use this information as a proxy for how the ecosystems of the eastern North Pacific may respond to future global climate change. The strong temporal variability in the physical and biological signals of the NEP will be used to examine the biophysical mechanisms through which zooplankton and salmon populations respond to physical forcing and biological interactions in the coastal regions of the two gyres. Annual and interannual variability will be studied directly through long-term observations and detailed process studies; variability at longer time scales will be examined through retrospective analysis of directly measured and proxy data. Coupled biophysical models of the ecosystems of these regions will be developed and tested using the process studies and data collected from the long-term observation programs, then further tested and improved by hindcasting selected retrospective data series.



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Program Information

U.S. GLOBal ocean ECosystems dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC)


Coverage: Global


U.S. GLOBEC (GLOBal ocean ECosystems dynamics) is a research program organized by oceanographers and fisheries scientists to address the question of how global climate change may affect the abundance and production of animals in the sea.

The U.S. GLOBEC Program currently had major research efforts underway in the Georges Bank / Northwest Atlantic Region, and the Northeast Pacific (with components in the California Current and in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska). U.S. GLOBEC was a major contributor to International GLOBEC efforts in the Southern Ocean and Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP).



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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