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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3085.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Radium isotope data summaries from R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer AMLR2006-Leg1, NBP0606 in the Southern Ocean from January to August 2006 (Ant2006 project, BWZ project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Charette, M. A., Dulaiova, H. (2009) Radium isotope data summaries from R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya, RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer AMLR2006-Leg1, NBP0606 in the Southern Ocean from January to August 2006 (Ant2006 project, BWZ project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 11 March 2009) Version Date 2009-03-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3085 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Radium isotope data summaries Dataset Description: &amp;lt;h3 class=&amp;quot;line_section_1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Radium isotope data summaries from AMLR and NBP cruises to the Antarctic in 2006&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Naturally occurring radium isotopes (224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra) were used in determining&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
lateral mixing processes which are reported in dpm/m3.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;h3 class=&amp;quot;line_section_1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Cruises&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;AMLR (Antarctic Marine Living Resources)  R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya Jan2006:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
The research program was focused in the southern Drake Passage&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
along the Shackelton Shelf located near the Bransfield Strait.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were obtained from the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya and inflatables&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
that were taken to island locations.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lat/Lon Bounding Box&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-62.2538Lat, -62.9966Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-63.2335Lat, -59.0332Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-59.9964Lat, -55.7612Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-61.4995Lat, -53.9996Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;NBP (Nathaniel B. Palmer) R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer July2006:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
The research was conducted in the same region of the Drake Passage as the AMLR cruise.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were obtained aboard the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lat/Lon bounding box&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-60.4991Lat, -58.5613Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-62.3599Lat, -58.0392Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-60.2783Lat, -57.4509Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
-61.2683Lat, -54.2852Lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;h3 class=&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Associated Publications&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Brzezinski, M.A., Nelson, D.M., Franck, V.M. and Sigmon, D.E., 2001. &amp;amp;quot;Silicon dynamics within an intense open-ocean diatom bloom in the pacific sector of the southern ocean.&amp;amp;quot; Deep-Sea Research Part II 48, pp. 3997-4018&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Michiel Rutgers van der Loeff, Manmohan M. Sarin, Mark Baskaran, Claudia Benitez-Nelson, Ken O. Buesseler, Matt Charette, Minhan Dai, &amp;amp;Ouml;rjan Gustafsson, Pere Masque, Paul J. Morris, Kent Orlandini, Alessia Rodriguez y Baena, Nicolas Savoye, Sabine Schmidt, Robert Turnewitsch, Ingrid V&amp;amp;ouml;ge, James T. Waples.  &amp;amp;quot;A review of present techniques and methodological advances in analyzing 234Th in aquatic systems&amp;amp;quot;  Marine Chemistry, Volume 100, Issues 3-4, 1 August 2006, Pages 190-212&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Pike, S.M., K.O. Buesseler, J. Andrews and N. Savoye, 2005. &amp;amp;quot;Quantification of 234Th recovery in small volume sea water samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.&amp;amp;quot; (PDF) Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 263(2): 355-360.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Willard S. Moore and Ralph Arnold (1996).  &amp;amp;quot;Measurement of 223Ra and 224Ra in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter.&amp;amp;quot;  Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 101, no. c1, pages 1321-1329, January 15, 1996.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;h3 class=&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Sampling and Analytical Methodology&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Surface water samples were collected from the ships clean water intake (AMLR and NBP), and measured for 223Ra and 224Ra activities following standard methods of extraction and delayed coincidence counting (Moore and Arnold, 1996). 300 liters was collected per sample on the AMLR cruise while 558 liters of water was collected during the winter NBP cruise.  Ra isotopes were extracted at sea onto manganese oxide-impregnated acrylic fiber at flow rates less than 1 L per minute. Recovery rates have been shown to be greater than 95%. The Mn-fiber was rinsed with deionized water, partially dried, and analyzed for 223Ra and 224Ra using the RaDeCC delayed coincidence counter. Moore and Arnold, 1996 W.S. Moore and R. Arnold, Measurement of Ra-223 and Ra-224 in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans 101 (C1) (1996), pp. 1321-1329. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (89) Long-lived isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) were subsequently determined through measurement on a Canaberra gamma detector.  This was conducted on the same fibers after they were ashed in a muffle furnace. The detector was calibrated using Mn-fiber standards prepared in the same geometry as the samples .&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/54843.rdf" xlink:title="ANT-0443869" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Antarctic Sciences (NSF ANT) Award Number: ANT-0443869 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0443869</gmx:Anchor>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Collaborative Research: Plankton Community Structure and Iron Distribution in the&lt;br /&gt;
Southern Drake Passage and Scotia Sea&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Shackleton Fracture Zone (SFZ) in Drake Passage of the Southern Ocean defines a&lt;br /&gt;
boundary between low and high phytoplankton waters. Low chlorophyll water flowing&lt;br /&gt;
through the southern Drake Passage emerges as high chlorophyll water to the east,&lt;br /&gt;
and recent evidence indicates that the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front&lt;br /&gt;
(SACCF) is steered south of the SFZ onto the Antarctic Peninsula shelf where mixing&lt;br /&gt;
between the water types occurs. The mixed water is then advected off-shelf with&lt;br /&gt;
elevatediron and phytoplankton biomass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The SFZ is therefore an ideal natural laboratory to improve the understanding of&lt;br /&gt;
plankton community responses to natural iron fertilization, and how these processes&lt;br /&gt;
influence export of organic carbon to the ocean interior. The bathymetry of the region&lt;br /&gt;
is hypothesized to influence mesoscale circulation and transport of iron, leading to&lt;br /&gt;
the observed patterns in phytoplankton biomass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The position of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is further hypothesized to&lt;br /&gt;
influence the magnitude of the flow of ACC water onto the peninsula shelf, mediating&lt;br /&gt;
the amount of iron transported into the Scotia Sea. To address these hypotheses, a&lt;br /&gt;
research cruise will be conducted near the SFZ and to the east in the southern Scotia&lt;br /&gt;
Sea. A mesoscale station grid for vertical profiles, water sampling, and bottle incubation&lt;br /&gt;
enrichment experiments will complement rapid surface surveys of chemical, plankton, and&lt;br /&gt;
hydrographic properties. Distributions of manganese, aluminum and radium isotopes will&lt;br /&gt;
be determined to trace iron sources and estimate mixing rates.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Phytoplankton and bacterial physiological states (including responses to iron enrichment)&lt;br /&gt;
and the structure of the plankton communities will be studied. The primary goal is to&lt;br /&gt;
better understand how plankton productivity, community structure and export production&lt;br /&gt;
in the Southern Ocean are affected by the coupling between bathymetry, mesoscale circulation,&lt;br /&gt;
and distributions of limiting nutrients. The proposed work represents an interdisciplinary&lt;br /&gt;
approach to address the fundamental physical, chemical and biological processes that&lt;br /&gt;
contribute to the abrupt transition in chl-a which occurs near the SFZ. Given recent&lt;br /&gt;
indications that the Southern Ocean is warming, it is important to advance the understanding&lt;br /&gt;
of conditions that regulate the present ecosystem structure in order to predict the effects&lt;br /&gt;
of climate variability. This project will promote training and learning across a broad&lt;br /&gt;
spectrum of groups. Funds are included to support postdocs, graduate students, and&lt;br /&gt;
undergraduates. In addition, this project will contribute to the development of content&lt;br /&gt;
for the Polar Science Station website, which has been a resource since 2001 for instructors&lt;br /&gt;
and students in adult education, home schooling, tribal schools, corrections education,&lt;br /&gt;
family literacy programs, and the general public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Radium and Thorium isotope data summaries from AMLR and NBP cruises to the Antarctic in 2006&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Naturally occurring radium isotopes (224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra) were used in determining&lt;br /&gt;
lateral mixing processes which are reported in dpm/m3.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Particulate organic Carbon (POC) flux was determined through measuring Thorium (234Th) reported in dpm/kg.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cruises&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;AMLR (Antarctic Marine Living Resources) R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya Jan/2006:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The research program was focused in the southern Drake Passage&lt;br /&gt;
along the Shackelton Shelf located near the Bransfield Strait.&lt;br /&gt;
Samples were obtained from the R/V Yuzhmorgeologiya and inflatables&lt;br /&gt;
that were taken to island locations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lat/Lon Bounding Box&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-62.2538Lat, -62.9966Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-63.2335Lat, -59.0332Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-59.9964Lat, -55.7612Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-61.4995Lat, -53.9996Lon&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NBP (Nathaniel B. Palmer) R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer July/2006:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The research was conducted in the same region of the Drake Passage as the AMLR cruise.&lt;br /&gt;
Samples were obtained aboard the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;Lat/Lon bounding box&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-60.4991Lat, -58.5613Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-62.3599Lat, -58.0392Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-60.2783Lat, -57.4509Lon&lt;br /&gt;
-61.2683Lat, -54.2852Lon&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NASA GCMD Link:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://gcmd.nasa.gov/getdif.htm?AMLR2006&quot; target=&quot;_blank&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;NASA GCMD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&lt;p&gt;The Shackleton Fracture Zone (SFZ) in Drake Passage of the Southern Ocean defines a boundary between low and high phytoplankton waters. Low chlorophyll water flowing through the southern Drake Passage emerges as high chlorophyll water to the east, and recent evidence indicates that the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF) is steered south of the SFZ onto the Antarctic Peninsula shelf where mixing between the water types occurs. The mixed water is then advected off-shelf with elevated iron and phytoplankton biomass. The SFZ is therefore an ideal natural laboratory to improve the understanding of plankton community responses to natural iron fertilization, and how these processes influence export of organic carbon to the ocean interior. The bathymetry of the region is hypothesized to influence mesoscale circulation and transport of iron, leading to the observed patterns in phytoplankton biomass. The position of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is further hypothesized to influence the magnitude of the flow of ACC water onto the peninsula shelf, mediating the amount of iron transported into the Scotia Sea. To address these hypotheses, a research cruise will be conducted near the SFZ and to the east in the southern Scotia Sea. A mesoscale station grid for vertical profiles, water sampling, and bottle incubation enrichment experiments will complement rapid surface surveys of chemical, plankton, and hydrographic properties. Distributions of manganese, aluminum and radium isotopes will be determined to trace iron sources and estimate mixing rates. Phytoplankton and bacterial physiological states (including responses to iron enrichment) and the structure of the plankton communities will be studied. The primary goal is to better understand how plankton productivity, community structure and export production in the Southern Ocean are affected by the coupling between bathymetry, mesoscale circulation, and distributions of limiting nutrients. The proposed work represents an interdisciplinary approach to address the fundamental physical, chemical and biological processes that contribute to the abrupt transition in chl-a which occurs near the SFZ. Given recent indications that the Southern Ocean is warming, it is important to advance the understanding of conditions that regulate the present ecosystem structure in order to predict the effects of climate variability. This project will promote training and learning across a broad spectrum of groups. Funds are included to support postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduates. In addition, this project will contribute to the development of content for the Polar Science Station website, which has been a resource since 2001 for instructors and students in adult education, home schooling, tribal schools, corrections education, family literacy programs, and the general public.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PUBLICATIONS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF THIS RESEARCH&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hewes, C. D., Reiss, C.S., .Kahru, M. , Mitchell, B.G. , and Holm-Hansen, O.. &quot;Control of phytoplankton biomass by dilution and mixed layer depth in the western Weddell-Scotia Confluence (WSC),&quot; Marine Ecology Progress Series, v.366, 2008, p. 15.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hiscock, M. , Lance, V. , Apprill, A., Bidigare, R , Mitchell, B., Smith Jr. W., Barber, R.. &quot;Photosynthetic maximum quantum yield increases are an essential component of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton response to iron,&quot; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.105(2), 2008, p. 4775.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Holm-Hansen, O., Kahru, M., Hewes, C.. &quot;Deep chlorophyll a maxima (DCMs) in pelagic Antarctic waters. II. Relation to bathymetric features and dissolved iron concentrations,&quot; Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v.297, 2005, p. 71.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hopkinson, B., Mitchell, B. G., Reynolds, R. A., Wang, H., Selph, K., Measures, C., Hewes, C., Holm-Hansen, O., Barbeau, K.. &quot;Iron limitation Across Chlorophyll Gradients in the Southern Drake Passage: Phytoplankton Responses to Iron Addition and Photosynthetic Indicators of Iron Stress,&quot; Limnology and Oceanography, 2007, p. 2540.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hopkinson, B., Mitchell, B. G., Reynolds, R. A., Wang, H., Selph, K., Measures, C., Hewes, C., Holm-Hansen, O., Barbeau, K.. &quot;Iron limitation Across Chlorophyll Gradients in the Southern Drake Passage: Phytoplankton Responses to Iron Addition and Photosynthetic Indicators of Iron Stress,&quot; Limnology and Oceanography, v.52, 2007, p. 2540.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kahru, M., Mitchell, B. G., Gille, S. T., Hewes, C. D. and Holm-Hansen, O.. &quot;Eddies enhance biological production in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence of the Southern Ocean,&quot; Geophys. Res. Let., 34,, v.24, 2007, p. L14603.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Surface water samples were collected from the ships clean water intake (AMLR and NBP), and measured for 223Ra and 224Ra activities following standard methods of extraction and delayed coincidence counting (Moore and Arnold, 1996). 300 liters was collected per sample on the AMLR cruise while 558 liters of water was collected during the winter NBP cruise.  Ra isotopes were extracted at sea onto manganese oxide-impregnated acrylic fiber at flow rates less than 1 L per minute. Recovery rates have been shown to be greater than 95%. The Mn-fiber was rinsed with deionized water, partially dried, and analyzed for 223Ra and 224Ra using the RaDeCC delayed coincidence counter. Moore and Arnold, 1996 W.S. Moore and R. Arnold, Measurement of Ra-223 and Ra-224 in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter, Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans 101 (C1) (1996), pp. 1321-1329. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (89) Long-lived isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) were subsequently determined through measurement on a Canaberra gamma detector.  This was conducted on the same fibers after they were ashed in a muffle furnace. The detector was calibrated using Mn-fiber standards prepared in the same geometry as the samples .&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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from Cruise: AMLR2006-Leg1 &lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Sampling and Analytical Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Surface water samples were collected from the ships clean water intake (AMLR and NBP), and measured for 223Ra and 224Ra activities following standard methods of extraction and delayed coincidence counting (Moore and Arnold, 1996). 300 liters was collected per sample on the AMLR cruise while 558 liters of water was collected during the winter NBP cruise.  Ra isotopes were extracted at sea onto manganese oxide-impregnated acrylic fiber at flow rates less than 1 L per minute. Recovery rates have been shown to be greater than 95%. The Mn-fiber was rinsed with deionized water, partially dried, and analyzed for 223Ra and 224Ra using the RaDeCC delayed coincidence counter. Moore and Arnold, 1996 W.S. Moore and R. Arnold, Measurement of Ra-223 and Ra-224 in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter, Journal of Geophysical Research -- Oceans 101 (C1) (1996), pp. 1321-1329. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (89) Long-lived isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) were subsequently determined through measurement on a Canaberra gamma detector.  This was conducted on the same fibers after they were ashed in a muffle furnace. The detector was calibrated using Mn-fiber standards prepared in the same geometry as the samples .&lt;br /&gt;
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from Cruise: NBP0606 &lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Sampling and Analytical Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Surface water samples were collected from the ships clean water intake (AMLR and NBP), and measured for 223Ra and 224Ra activities following standard methods of extraction and delayed coincidence counting (Moore and Arnold, 1996). 300 liters was collected per sample on the AMLR cruise while 558 liters of water was collected during the winter NBP cruise.  Ra isotopes were extracted at sea onto manganese oxide-impregnated acrylic fiber at flow rates less than 1 L per minute. Recovery rates have been shown to be greater than 95%. The Mn-fiber was rinsed with deionized water, partially dried, and analyzed for 223Ra and 224Ra using the RaDeCC delayed coincidence counter. Moore and Arnold, 1996 W.S. Moore and R. Arnold, Measurement of Ra-223 and Ra-224 in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter, Journal of Geophysical Research -- Oceans 101 (C1) (1996), pp. 1321-1329. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (89) Long-lived isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) were subsequently determined through measurement on a Canaberra gamma detector.  This was conducted on the same fibers after they were ashed in a muffle furnace. The detector was calibrated using Mn-fiber standards prepared in the same geometry as the samples.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Ra:  Radium concentrations are determined by the Radecc coincidence counters.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Corrections are to made to account for detector efficiency, radioactive decay, and ingrowth.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;h3 class=&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Modifications to original data made to conform to BCO-DMO database convention&amp;lt;/h3&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p class=&amp;quot;text&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Cruise_ID added&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
+/- columns eliminated and error served as separate column for each data type&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
empty cells filled with &amp;amp;quot;nd&amp;amp;quot; (no data)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Latitude/Longitude headers converted to lat/lon&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
date reformatted to YYYYMMDD&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
time reformatted to HHMM&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
decimal data values padded to consistent decimal places&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

from Cruise: AMLR2006-Leg1 &lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Data Processing&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CHN:  Linear regression of standards is used to determine the carbon content of the sample&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ra:  Radium concentrations are determined by the Radecc coincidence counters.&lt;br /&gt;
Corrections are to made to account for detector efficiency, radioactive decay, and ingrowth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Modifications to original data made to conform to BCO-DMO database convention&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Cruise_ID added&lt;br /&gt;
+/- columns eliminated and error served as separate column for each data type&lt;br /&gt;
empty cells filled with &amp;quot;nd&amp;quot; (no data)&lt;br /&gt;
Latitude/Longitude headers converted to lat/lon&lt;br /&gt;
date reformatted to YYYYMMDD&lt;br /&gt;
time reformatted to HHMM&lt;br /&gt;
decimal data values padded to consistent decimal places&lt;/p&gt;

from Cruise: NBP0606 &lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Data Processing&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CHN:  Linear regression of standards is used to determine the carbon content of the sample&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ra:  Radium concentrations are determined by the Radecc coincidence counters.&lt;br /&gt;
Corrections are to made to account for detector efficiency, radioactive decay, and ingrowth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Modifications to original data made to conform to BCO-DMO database convention&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;text&quot;&gt;Cruise_ID added&lt;br /&gt;
+/- columns eliminated and error served as separate column for each data type&lt;br /&gt;
empty cells filled with &amp;quot;nd&amp;quot; (no data)&lt;br /&gt;
Latitude/Longitude headers converted to lat/lon&lt;br /&gt;
date reformatted to YYYYMMDD&lt;br /&gt;
time reformatted to HHMM&lt;br /&gt;
decimal data values padded to consistent decimal places&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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Ambient water is drawn through a modular filter holder onto a 142-millimeter (mm) membrane without passing through the pump. The standard two-tier filter holder provides prefiltering and size fractioning. Collection targets include chlorophyll maximum, particulate trace metals, and phytoplankton. It features different flow rates and filter porosity to support a range of specimen collection. Sampling can be programmed to start at a scheduled time or begin with a countdown delay. It also features a dynamic pump speed algorithm that adjusts flow to protect the sample as material accumulates on the filter. Several pump options range from 0.5 to 30 liters per minute, with a max volume of 2,500 to 36,000 liters depending on the pump and battery pack used. The standard model is depth rated to 5,500 meters, with a deeper 7,000-meter option available. The operating temperature is -4 to 35 degrees Celsius.

The WTS-LV is available in four different configurations: Standard, Upright, Bore Hole, and Dual Filter Sampler. The high-capacity upright WTS-LV model provides three times the battery life of the standard model. The Bore-Hole WTS-LV is designed to fit through a narrow opening such as a 30-centimeter borehole. The dual filter WTS-LV features two vertical intake 142 mm filter holders to allow simultaneous filtering using two different porosities.</gco:CharacterString>
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