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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3140.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Spiny dogfish and rare earth metals from F/V Survivor NEC-ST2006-1 in the Gulf of Maine from 2007-2008 (NEC_ProjDev project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Tallack, S. (2009) Spiny dogfish and rare earth metals from F/V Survivor NEC-ST2006-1 in the Gulf of Maine from 2007-2008 (NEC_ProjDev project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 23 June 2009) Version Date 2009-06-23 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3140 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>spiny dogfish and rare earth metals Dataset Description: &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Do Rare Earth Metals Deter Spiny Dogfish? A Feasibility Study on the Use of Mischmetals to Reduce Dogfish Catches in Hook and Lobster Gear in the Gulf of Maine&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Project Leader: Shelly Tallack, Gulf of Maine Research Institute&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The purpose of this project was to test an array of fishing gear fitted with and without non-magnetic rare earth metal (lanthanide/cerium) to test the aversion by spiny dogfish to baited fishing gear as a means of reducing the catch of dogfish during time when dogfish abundance is problematic for fishermen. This study addresses the NEC research topics of: fishing gear selectivity and fish habitats and ecology. This study employed fishery-independent sampling techniques, and involved a team of approximately two fishermen and two scientists. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest that mischmetal has the potential to reduce the catch of dogfish in either commercial or recreational gear types in the Gulf of Maine.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In total, six dogfish research trips were undertaken, during August and September of 2007. The 
  commercial lobster vessel, FV Survivor (13 m), was utilized as the research platform, which afforded 
extensive deck space and winch gear for efficient operation of the longline and jig gear.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;


&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To prepare for deployment on fishing gear, industry standard trapezoidal mischmetal ingots (HEFA 
  Rare Earth Canada Ltd., Richmond, BC, Canada) measuring ~45 mm x ~45 mm x ~45 mm x ~130 mm 
  were sliced into pieces measuring ~45 mm on each side, by ~5 mm thickness. For attachment to 
  fishing gear, ~2 mm holes were drilled at ~5 mm up from the bottom edge and ~5 mm down from 
  the top corner of each mischmetal slice; the slices were then attached to jigging gear using 2 mm zip 
  ties, and to the longline gear by threading the twine leaders through the drilled holes. On both 
  jigging gear and longline gear, the mischmetal was secured ~10 cm up from the hook and bait.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A total of four (100 hook) longlines were built, each consisting of 50 control hooks (just hook and 
  bait) and 50 treatment hooks (hook, bait and mischmetal). The hooks were arranged along the 
  longline in alternating groups of 10 (i.e. 10 control, 10 treatment, etc.)as a means of efficiently 
  verifying that equal numbers of treatment and control hooks were attached to each longline; this 
  approach also enabled effective gear maintenance in the field where deck space is limited. Four 
  longlines with 100 hooks were set on trips 1-3; at this time one longline was lost overboard. On trips 
  4-6, three longlines were set, two with 100 hooks each and one with 140 hooks. The additional 
  hooks were added to make up for the lost longline, but mischmetal availability limited this increase 
  to 40 hooks. In total, during six sampling days 21 longlines were set, totaling 2080 hooks (50% 
  control and 50% treatment). All longlines were set at similar depths on each day (~60-100 m), in
  close proximity to one another to ensure similar fishing conditions between each set. Soak times 
  ranged from 1-2 hours. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Jigging using rod and reel took place on each of the six vessel days, to test the effectiveness of 
  mischmetal at deterring dogfish from recreational hook gear. Jigging was undertaken during the 
  soak-time for each longline. Each rod and reel (n=3) was set up with two hooks (2-4 hooks is typical 
  while fishing for groundfish), with one treatment and one control hook; 73 jig-lines were set, 
  comprising a total of 146 baited hooks (50% control (C) and 50% treatment (T)). &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;All animals caught by both jig and longline gear were noted for: hook type (i.e. treatment or 
  control), bait presence, species, size (total length, TL) and sex where possible. The catch was then 
  released.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In addition, wire lobster gear was deployed on two days. Two strings were set for 24 hour soak 
  times, each string comprising 16 traps in total. Control (n=8) and treatment (n=8) traps were 
  alternated along each string. All traps were baited, and the treatment traps had three pieces of 
  mischmetal attached around the trap entries. The total catch was counted and quantified by 
  species; only fish species were measured, and where possible, such as in the case with 
  elasmobranchs, sexed. &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=&amp;quot;-1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(from final report)&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In situ video footage was obtained through collaboration with the University of New Hampshire's
Atlantic Marine Aquaculture Center (Durham, NH).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/54804.rdf" xlink:title="PZ07087" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Award Number: PZ07087</gmx:Anchor>
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                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/project/2170.rdf" xlink:title="Project Acronym" xlink:actuate="onRequest">NEC_ProjDev</gmx:Anchor>
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      <gmd:language>
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      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>oceans</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
       <gmd:extent>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Gulf of Maine</gco:CharacterString>
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                </gmd:geographicIdentifier>
              </gmd:EX_GeographicDescription>
            </gmd:geographicElement>
          </gmd:EX_Extent>
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            <gco:CharacterString>BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Spiny dogfish and rare earth metals from F/V Survivor NEC-ST2006-1 in the Gulf of Maine from 2007-2008 (NEC_ProjDev project)</gco:CharacterString>
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  <gmd:organisationName>
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      <gmd:onlineResource>
          <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
            <gmd:linkage>
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          </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
        </gmd:onlineResource>
		  <gmd:hoursOfService>
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		  <gmd:contactInstructions>
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            http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17523.rdf
	Name: stamina_haul_code
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Stamina Index (1-4):&lt;br /&gt;
  1. Alive, strong, much resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
  2. Alive, but moderate resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
  3. Alive, but weak, showing little resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
4. Dead&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17524.rdf
	Name: trip
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;sequential trip or cruise number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17525.rdf
	Name: date_local
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;local month, day and year&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17526.rdf
	Name: sea_state
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the general condition of the sea:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;th&gt;WMO Sea State Code&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Significant Wave Height (meters)&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;th&gt;Characteristics&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Calm (glassy)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;1&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0 to 0.1&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Calm (rippled)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;2&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0.1 to 0.5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Smooth (wavelets)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;3&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;0.5 to 1.25&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Slight&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;4&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;1.25 to 2.5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Moderate&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;5&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;2.5 to 4&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Rough&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;6&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;4 to 6&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Very rough&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;7&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;6 to 9&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;High&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;8&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;9 to 14&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Very high&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;9&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Over 14&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Phenomenal&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17527.rdf
	Name: wind_dir
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;wind direction reported as compass direction, using meteorologic convention of 'from' not 'to'&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17528.rdf
	Name: wind_speed
	Units: knots (nautical miles per hour)
	Description: &lt;p&gt;wind speed&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17529.rdf
	Name: comments
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;comments pertaining to the cruise as opposed to the sampling.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17530.rdf
	Name: time_begin_set
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;time of beginning of the line setting process.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17531.rdf
	Name: depth_begin
	Units: meters
	Description: &lt;p&gt;depth at beginning of haul&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17532.rdf
	Name: lat_begin
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;latitude at start of measurement; negative denotes South&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17533.rdf
	Name: lon_begin
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;longitude at start of measurement; negative denotes West&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17534.rdf
	Name: time_end_set
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;time of completion of gear setting.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17535.rdf
	Name: time_begin_haul
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;time of start of hauling gear back to vessel&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17536.rdf
	Name: depth_end
	Units: meters
	Description: &lt;p&gt;depth at end of haul&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17537.rdf
	Name: lat_end
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;latitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17538.rdf
	Name: lon_end
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;longitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17539.rdf
	Name: time_end_haul
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;time of completion of hauling gear back to vessel.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17540.rdf
	Name: temp_ss
	Units: fahrenheit
	Description: &lt;p&gt;sea surface temperature at the haul start location&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17541.rdf
	Name: gear
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;type of fishing gear used: longline, lobster traps, of jigging with fishing rods.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17542.rdf
	Name: line_num
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;sequential number of the longline lines, the jig set number or the trap number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17543.rdf
	Name: num_hooks_or_traps
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of hooks on a longline, of rods jigging, or traps deployed.&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17544.rdf
	Name: traps_w_alloys
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of traps with alloy attached&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17545.rdf
	Name: males_sampled
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of male spiny dogfish caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17546.rdf
	Name: females_sampled
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of female spiny dogfish caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17547.rdf
	Name: total_dogs
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;total number of spiny dogfish caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17548.rdf
	Name: num_crab
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of crabs caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17549.rdf
	Name: num_lobster
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of lobster caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17550.rdf
	Name: num_sculpin
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number of sculpin caught&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17551.rdf
	Name: sample_num
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;hook, jig, or trap id number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17552.rdf
	Name: alloy_present_flag
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Y=alloy was present on hook or trap; N=none present&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17553.rdf
	Name: bait_present
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;for longline only, B=bait present on hook upon retrieval; NB=no bait on hook upon retrieval&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17554.rdf
	Name: species
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;common name of captured animal&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17555.rdf
	Name: sex
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;sex of captured spiny dogfish: M=male, F=female&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17556.rdf
	Name: length_cm
	Units: centimeters
	Description: &lt;p&gt;length of dogfish&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17557.rdf
	Name: stamina_haul_code
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;stamina code of dogfish after hauling in.&lt;br /&gt;
1. Alive, strong, much resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Alive, but moderate resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Alive, but weak, showing little resistance to being handled&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Dead&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/17558.rdf
	Name: num_alloys_present
	Units: unknown
	Description: &lt;p&gt;For traps only. Each trap entry was rigged with 3 pieces of mischmetal, and there were two entries per trap, so 3-3 means 3 alloys remained on each entry, 3-1 means 3 were on one entry and only one remained on the other, etc. &lt;/p&gt; 
</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmd:featureCatalogueCitation>
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          <gmd:title>
            <gco:CharacterString>GB/NERC/BODC &gt; British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:title>
          <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
          <gmd:citedResponsibleParty xlink:href="https://data.noaa.gov/docucomp/3D8FE2C9DA324D40939C8D007587E011" xlink:title="GB/NERC/BODC &gt; British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom"/>
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    <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/affiliation/191.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)</gmx:Anchor>
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				  </gmd:postalCode>
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				  </gmd:country>
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				  </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
		    </gmd:CI_Address>
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          </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
        </gmd:onlineResource>
		  <gmd:hoursOfService>
        <gco:CharacterString>Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:hoursOfService>
		  <gmd:contactInstructions>
		    <gco:CharacterString>For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.</gco:CharacterString>
		  </gmd:contactInstructions>
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                  <gco:CharacterString>Primary data file for dataset ID 3140</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gmd:lineage>
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          <gmd:processStep xlink:title="Methods and Sampling">
            <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In total, six dogfish research trips were undertaken, during August and September of 2007. The 
  commercial lobster vessel, FV Survivor (13 m), was utilized as the research platform, which afforded 
extensive deck space and winch gear for efficient operation of the longline and jig gear.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;


&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To prepare for deployment on fishing gear, industry standard trapezoidal mischmetal ingots (HEFA 
  Rare Earth Canada Ltd., Richmond, BC, Canada) measuring ~45 mm x ~45 mm x ~45 mm x ~130 mm 
  were sliced into pieces measuring ~45 mm on each side, by ~5 mm thickness. For attachment to 
  fishing gear, ~2 mm holes were drilled at ~5 mm up from the bottom edge and ~5 mm down from 
  the top corner of each mischmetal slice; the slices were then attached to jigging gear using 2 mm zip 
  ties, and to the longline gear by threading the twine leaders through the drilled holes. On both 
  jigging gear and longline gear, the mischmetal was secured ~10 cm up from the hook and bait.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A total of four (100 hook) longlines were built, each consisting of 50 control hooks (just hook and 
  bait) and 50 treatment hooks (hook, bait and mischmetal). The hooks were arranged along the 
  longline in alternating groups of 10 (i.e. 10 control, 10 treatment, etc.)as a means of efficiently 
  verifying that equal numbers of treatment and control hooks were attached to each longline; this 
  approach also enabled effective gear maintenance in the field where deck space is limited. Four 
  longlines with 100 hooks were set on trips 1-3; at this time one longline was lost overboard. On trips 
  4-6, three longlines were set, two with 100 hooks each and one with 140 hooks. The additional 
  hooks were added to make up for the lost longline, but mischmetal availability limited this increase 
  to 40 hooks. In total, during six sampling days 21 longlines were set, totaling 2080 hooks (50% 
  control and 50% treatment). All longlines were set at similar depths on each day (~60-100 m), in
  close proximity to one another to ensure similar fishing conditions between each set. Soak times 
  ranged from 1-2 hours. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Jigging using rod and reel took place on each of the six vessel days, to test the effectiveness of 
  mischmetal at deterring dogfish from recreational hook gear. Jigging was undertaken during the 
  soak-time for each longline. Each rod and reel (n=3) was set up with two hooks (2-4 hooks is typical 
  while fishing for groundfish), with one treatment and one control hook; 73 jig-lines were set, 
  comprising a total of 146 baited hooks (50% control (C) and 50% treatment (T)). &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;All animals caught by both jig and longline gear were noted for: hook type (i.e. treatment or 
  control), bait presence, species, size (total length, TL) and sex where possible. The catch was then 
  released.  &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In addition, wire lobster gear was deployed on two days. Two strings were set for 24 hour soak 
  times, each string comprising 16 traps in total. Control (n=8) and treatment (n=8) traps were 
  alternated along each string. All traps were baited, and the treatment traps had three pieces of 
  mischmetal attached around the trap entries. The total catch was counted and quantified by 
  species; only fish species were measured, and where possible, such as in the case with 
  elasmobranchs, sexed. &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font size=&amp;quot;-1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(from final report)&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In situ video footage was obtained through collaboration with the University of New Hampshire's
Atlantic Marine Aquaculture Center (Durham, NH).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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