http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3198 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2010-06-16 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Model Results: North Atlantic euphotic zone nitrate, the role of eddies, 1993-1997, 2007 (U.S. JGOFS Synthesis & Modeling Phase project results) 2007-04-05 publication 2007-04-05 revision BCO-DMO Linked Data URI 2007-04-05 creation http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3198 Larry Anderson Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Dennis J. McGillicuddy Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher tableDigital Cite this dataset as: McGillicuddy, D. J., Anderson, L. (2007) Model Results: North Atlantic euphotic zone nitrate, the role of eddies, 1993-1997, 2007 (U.S. JGOFS Synthesis & Modeling Phase project results). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 5 April 2007) Version Date 2007-04-05 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3198 [access date] Model Results: North Atlantic euphotic zone nitrate, the role of eddies (1993-1997) Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;Research topic: the role of eddies in basin-scale biogeochemical budgets of the North Atlantic&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Coupled physical-biogeochemical models provide a useful framework for testing our ideas about the underlying physical, biological and chemical controls on elemental cycling in the ocean. Up to now, efforts to do so on basin scales have produced mixed results.&amp;nbsp; The seminal work of Sarmiento et al (1993) and Fasham et al (1993) demonstrated that the large scale distributions of chlorophyll in the surface waters of the North Atlantic could be simulated with a reasonable degree of accuracy using a simple planktonic ecosystem embedded in a coarse resolution general circulation model.&amp;nbsp; While the general characteristics of these large scale patterns were consistent with observations, detailed comparisons with time series data at specific sites revealed that the underlying flux balances maintaining these distributions were not as satisfactory. In particular, the nutrient budget in the Sargasso Sea was dominated by horizontal advection.&amp;nbsp; This result is quite different from recent regional modeling studies (McGillicuddy 1995; McGillicuddy and Robinson, 1997) which have suggested that upwelling in the interiors of cyclonic mesoscale eddies is the dominant mode of nutrient supply to the euphotic zone in the open ocean.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;During the last several years, the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Community Modeling Effort (CME) has made significant progress in the development of more realistic general circulation models. Areas of improvement particularly relevant to biogeochemical processes include (1) aspects of the time-mean flow, (2) treatment of the surface boundary layer, and (3) the resolution of mesoscale eddies. This next generation of GCMs represents a substantial step forward in the physical bases on which coupled biogeochemical simulations can be built. It is proposed herein to construct the first basin scale eddy-resolving biogeochemical simulations of the North Atlantic to examine the impact of mesoscale processes on large scale elemental budgets.&amp;nbsp; A suite of experiments is planned which are based on 1 degree (coarse), 1/3 degree (eddy-permitting) and 1/6 degree (eddy-resolving) CME simulations.&amp;nbsp; The coarse resolution runs will be used to benchmark the Sarmiento and Fasham results, and serve as a control run for the higher resolution calculations.&amp;nbsp; Although the eddy-permitting case will most likely not be entirely sufficient for a comprehensive study of mesoscale processes, it does represent a meaningful intermediate step that will provide useful information without incurring the substantial computational cost of the 1/6 degree runs.&amp;nbsp; This will set the stage for a relatively small number of fully eddy-resolving runs which have only recently become feasible from a computational point of view.&amp;nbsp; Understanding gained from these experiments will be used to guide the development of parameterizations for mesoscale biogeochemical processes to permit their inclusion in larger scale (global) models.&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9725974 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=9725974 completed Larry Anderson Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution landerson@whoi.edu pointOfContact Dennis J. McGillicuddy Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 508-289-2683 266 Woods Hole Road Bigelow 209B, Mail Stop 11 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 5 April 2007 Tab-seperated values USJGOFS_SMP service Deployment Activity Global place Locations otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/ U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research. The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP). U.S. JGOFS largerWorkCitation program U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/mzweb/syn-mod.htm U.S. JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling <p>There were no cruises associated directly with the US JGOFS SMP. The SMP deployment refers to the project being deployed.</p> <h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> <p>The Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) was an international scientific program devoted to the study of the ocean biogeochemistry of carbon and related elements and the linkages of the ocean with the global carbon cycle. The U.S. JGOFS program involved a decade long, intensive field effort that included: two on-going time-series stations off Hawaii and Bermuda; a series of process studies in the North Atlantic, Equatorial Pacific, Arabian Sea, and Southern Ocean; and a Global Ocean CO₂ Survey in conjunction with the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The resulting ocean biogeochemical data sets, together with satellite ocean color data from the NASA Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), formed a unique, long-term resource for the ocean community. With the completion of the field phase in the late 1990s, the U.S. JGOFS initiated a final Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP), to build on and integrate these data sets in order to address the key scientific themes of JGOFS:</p> <ul> <li>determine the processes controlling the oceanic carbon cycle and ocean-atmosphere carbon fluxes</li> <li>develop improved capabilities for predicting future changes.</li> </ul> <p>Specifically, the central objective of the SMP was to synthesize knowledge gained from U.S. JGOFS and related studies into a set of models to reflect the current understanding of the ocean carbon cycle and its associated uncertainties (U.S. JGOFS, 1997). The SMP was tasked to address not only the processes that control carbon partitioning among oceanic reservoirs, but also the implications for ocean/atmosphere carbon exchange. Both data synthesis and modeling proposals were encouraged with an emphasis on coordinated interaction between the two. The major elements of the program included:</p> <ul> <li>Individual PI level projects</li> <li>Topical Working Groups</li> <li>Project management team (two co-coordinators and a project scientist)</li> <li>Data management (both distributed and centralized)</li> <li>Community activities (PI meetings, mini-workshops, special issues etc.).</li> </ul> <p>The SMP became a full fledged program with the funding of the first SMP awards in early 1998. Funding for SMP grants was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Department of Energy (DOE).</p> <h3>PROGRAM SCOPE</h3> <p>Specific projects within the SMP fell into two broad categories: data synthesis and extrapolation, and modeling. There was considerable (and necessary) overlap between the two, and the overview of the projects provided below is certainly a simplification of the collective efforts of the individual researchers (details on individual SMP grants can be found at <a href="http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/mzweb/syn-mod.htm">http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/mzweb/syn-mod.htm</a>). The scope and balance of the SMP was based on geographic region of study and investigation of biogeochemical processes.</p> <h3>Synthesis and Modeling Projects</h3> <p>The U.S. JGOFS SMP continued through the 2003-2004 time frame. As the program matured and specific initial projects were completed, the foci for the program was refined to emphasize both emerging new scientific directions and remaining unfinished elements of the original implementation plan. The SMP together with the U.S. JGOFS Steering Committee periodically assessed the program with regard to future priorities. During the active research phase, these are some of the topics identified as filling critical gaps for SMP science:</p> <ol> <li>synthesis of primary production, new production and export production (both particulate and dissolved)</li> <li>the mechanisms and rates of mid to deep water particle flux and remineralization as well as sediment diagenesis</li> <li>controls and distributions of calcium carbonate and silica production, transport and remineralization</li> <li>biogeochemical effects of trace metal cycling</li> <li>spatial and temporal extrapolation of biogeochemical flux estimates (e.g. export production) from local to basin and global scales</li> <li>development, evaluation and incorporation of mechanistically based, biological models for global carbon cycle simulations</li> <li>synthesis and modeling studies of the Arabian Sea, Southern Ocean, North Atlantic, ocean margins (with respect to the role of each in basin to global-scale carbon cycle), and the set of U.S. and international time-series stations data.</li> </ol> <p>At the local to regional scale, a series of data synthesis and food web modeling investigations explored aspects of euphotic zone production, recycling, export, transport and remineralization, and sediment cycling using the JGOFS process and time-series data base and related data sets. Individual projects concentrated, for example, on subsets of the overall JGOFS data (e.g. bacteria, mesozooplankton, HPLC pigments). Related projects focused on the distribution and dynamics of planktonic functional groups (e.g. N₂ fixers, diatoms, calcifiers). The eventual aim of many of these food web related studies was to extrapolate the findings to basin and global scale and/or to develop improved process-based parameterizations that could be incorporated into regional and global models.</p> <p>One or more regional ecosystem modeling studies were undertaken for each of the following U.S. process/time-series study locations: Equatorial Pacific and Atlantic, Arabian Sea, Ross Sea, Bermuda, and North Atlantic. Additionally, there were four projects which concentrated on data synthesis and/or modeling for various continental margins: NW Atlantic margin, southern Caribbean, Cariaco Basin, and several coastal upwelling regions. The regional synthesis and modeling studies as well as some of the food web projects relied heavily on satellite data. Many SMP projects utilized satellite data, in particular SeaWiFS ocean color, as an integral part of both model evaluation and time/space extrapolation.</p> <p>On the global perspective, over a dozen synthesis groups worked on the JGOFS/WOCE global CO₂ survey data with good coverage for all of the carbon related parameters (DIC, alkalinity, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, nutrients, oxygen, pCO₂, etc.). A coordinated global biogeochemical modeling effort was initiated as part of the international Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP, <a href="http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/OCMIP/">http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/OCMIP/</a>). As the name implies, this was an observation-based evaluation of some thirteen global ocean biogeochemical models of the natural and anthropogenic inorganic carbon system, biogeochemical fields (nutrients, oxygen), and related passive chemical tracers (e.g. CFCs, ¹⁴C, ³He).</p> <h4>Links to Related Programs Subsequent to US JGOFS SMP:</h4> <p><a href="http://us-ocb.org/">Ocean Carbon &amp; Biogeochemistry (OCB)</a><br /> <a href="http://coastalcarbon.pbwiki.com/">North American Carbon Program (NACP) Coastal Synthesis</a><br />  </p> SMP largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans Global 2007-04-05 global oceans 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Model Results: North Atlantic euphotic zone nitrate, the role of eddies, 1993-1997, 2007 (U.S. JGOFS Synthesis & Modeling Phase project results) Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3198/data/download download onLine asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Deployment: USJGOFS_SMP USJGOFS_SMP Institution laboratories laboratory USJGOFS_SMP http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/mzweb/smp/smpimp.htm Report describing USJGOFS_SMP Institution laboratories laboratory