http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3252
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2010-08-23
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Phytoplankton growth and grazing rates from R/V Wecoma multiple cruises in the Northeast Pacific coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon from 2004 to 2006 (RISE project)
2009-01-30
publication
2009-01-30
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2009-01-30
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3252
Evelyn J. Lessard
University of Washington
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Lessard, E. J. (2009) Phytoplankton growth and grazing rates from R/V Wecoma multiple cruises in the Northeast Pacific coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon from 2004 to 2006 (RISE project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 30 January 2009) Version Date 2009-01-30 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3252 [access date]
Phytoplankton growth and grazing rates Dataset Description: <p>RISE - Phytoplankton growth and grazing rates</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><b>Methods for In Situ Phytoplankton Growth and Grazing Rate Measurements</b><br />
<br />
Growth rate and microzooplankton grazing rates on total, &gt;5 and &lt; 5 &micro;m phytoplankton were measured on the Washington and Oregon coasts on three RISE cruises from 2004-2006.<br />
<b>Note: No growth rate experiments were conducted on RISE3W/W0508 (Aug/2005)</b><br />
<br />
Estimates of in situ phytoplankton growth rate (&micro;, d-1) and grazing (g, d-1) of size-fractionated Chl a (&lt; 5 &micro;m and &gt; 5 &micro;m) were determined simultaneously using the seawater dilution technique (e.g., Landry et al. 1995). Seawater was collected from the depth corresponding to 50% surface irradiance and was typically between 3 and 5 m depth. Particle-free filtered seawater (FSW) was made by first pooling the water of several Niskin bottles into a 50 L polyethylene carboy and then gravity filtering this water through an in-line cascade of 3 &micro;m and 0.2 &micro;m Pall-Gelman pleated capsule filters and into a 20 L polycarbonate carboy. Experimental bottles (2.5 L polycarbonate bottles) were filled to pre-determined levels with FSW. All containers, tubing, and in-line filters were acid-cleaned prior to use with 5% (v/v) HCl acid and rinsed copiously with deionized water. Clean techniques were used throughout all experimental and sample manipulation.<br />
<br />
Whole seawater (WSW) was drained from several Niskin bottles (same cast as FSW) using silicone tubing wrapped with 200 &micro;m mesh into a 50 L polyethylene carboy. The WSW was kept well-mixed by gentle stirring with a polyethylene plunger. The WSW was siphoned from the 50 L WSW carboy into the experimental bottles containing the PFW to reach either three (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 WSW) or five (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 WSW) target dilution levels. Experimental bottles were amended with nutrients to achieve enrichments of 10 &micro;mol L-1 nitrate (NaNO3), 0.63 &micro;mol L-1 phosphate (NaH2PO4 * H2O), 10 &micro;mol L-1 silicic acid (Na2O3Si * 9H2O), and 3 nmol L-1 Fe (Fe in 2% HCl) to the ambient water concentrations. An additional set of 1.0 WSW bottles were filled without nutrient amendments to test for potential nutrient limitation phytoplankton communities. Duplicate samples were randomly taken from the WSW carboy during water disbursement for chlorophyll, preserved samples and nutrients.<br />
<br />
Dilution treatment bottles were placed in clear Plexiglas tubes covered with mylar film to simulate the in situ irradiance. The tubes were secured to a revolving wheel (1 rpm) submerged in a Plexiglas on-deck incubator and incubated for 24 h. The temperature inside the incubator was maintained near in situ levels by continuously flowing surface seawater. Incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, &micro;mol quanta m-2 s-1) was measured with a Hobo Par Smart Sensor and data logger mounted on the incubator, and water temperature was monitored with a submerged Hobo Water Temp Pro data logger.<br />
<br />
In each replicate dilution bottle, the nutrient-amended net growth rate (kn) was determined according to kn = ln(N1/N0)/t1-t0, where N1 and N0 are the final total and size-fractionated Chl a concentration at time 1 (t1) and time 0 (t0), respectively. The intrinsic rates of growth (&micro;, d-1) and mortality due to grazing by microzooplankton (g, d-1) of the size fractionated Chl a were calculated by linear regression of net growth rate (kn) in each nutrient amended dilution bottle against the fraction of WSW, Di. Growth (&micro;) was determined by extrapolation of the regression to the ordinal intercept, where Di (proportional to grazing mortality, g) becomes zero, and hence, kn = &micro;n. Because nutrients were added to the treatment bottles, if phytoplankton growth is limited by in situ nutrient concentrations, &micro;n is a potential growth rate. When nutrient-limited growth was observed in the 1.0 WSW control bottles, the in situ intrinsic rate (&micro;un), was estimated from &micro;un = kun 1.0 + g, where k un 1.0 is the net growth rate in the 1.0 WSW treatment without added nutrients (Landry et al. 1995). Microzooplankton grazing on Chl a size fractions was determined by the slope of linear regressions of kn and Di. On two occasions dilution regressions showed evidence of saturated grazing kinetics (Gallegos 1989). For these experiments, &micro; was calculated using the linear portion of the regression, while g was calculated using g = &micro;n - kn1.0, where kn1.0 is the net growth rate in the nutrient-enhanced 1.0 WSW dilution treatment. <br />
<br />
<b>Further details on methods and measuring Pseudo-nitzschia-specific rates in these experiments can be found in:</b><br />
Olson, M.B., Lessard, E.J., Cochlan, W.P., Trainer, V.L., 2008. Intrinsic growth and microzooplankton grazing on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. diatoms from the coastal northeast Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53, 1352-1368.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0239089 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0239089
completed
Evelyn J. Lessard
University of Washington
206-543-8795
School of Oceanography, University of Washington Box 357940
Seattle
WA
98195
USA
elessard@uw.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 30 January 2009
Unknown
dilexptID
Cruise
CTD
Station
lon
lat
date
depth
tot_chl
gt5_chl
lt5_chl
tot_u
gt5_u
lt5_u
tot_g
gt5_g
lt5_g
Niskin bottle
theme
None, User defined
experiment id
Cruise identfier
station id
station
longitude
latitude
date
depth
No BCO-DMO term
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
W0407A
W0505C
W0508
W0605B
service
Deployment Activity
Northeast Pacific, coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/rise
River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems
<p><strong>River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE) - A Study of the Columbia River Plume</strong><br />
<strong>A Multi-Institutional Collaborative Project Sponsored by the National Science Foundation</strong></p>
<p>In 2004 an interdisciplinary study "River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems" (RISE) was initiated to determine the extent to which alongshore gradients in ecosystem productivity might be related to the existence of the massive freshwater plume from the Columbia River. RISE was designed to test three hypotheses: - During upwelling the growth rate of phytoplankton within the Columbia plume exceeds that in nearby areas outside the plume being fueled by the same upwelling nitrate.<br />
- The plume enhances cross-margin transport of plankton and nutrients.<br />
- Plume-specific nutrients (Fe and Si) alter and enhance productivity on adjacent shelves.</p>
<p>Within those constraints, RISE provides the first comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the rates and dynamics governing the mixing of river and coastal waters in an eastern boundary system, as well as the effects of the plume formed by the mixing processes on rates, standing stocks and community structure of plankton in the local ecosystem. The RISE project, includes 4 field and two different numerical model applications. We collected simultaneous measurements of water chemistry, phytoplankton growth and grazing rates, zooplankton populations, water currents, and turbulent mixing. These are being combined with data from satellites, radar, and moorings, as well as detailed numerical simulations, to develop a deeper understanding of this important ecosystem.</p>
<p>The overall RISE sampling strategy was to compare mixing rates, nutrient supply, and phytoplankton production, grazing and community structure within the plume and outside the plume; i.e. on the shelf to the north of the river mouth, presumed more productive, and on the shelf to the south of the river mouth, presumed less productive, as well as in the important "plume lift off" area (the region where the plume loses contact with the bottom) near the river mouth and the plume "near field". The backbone for this project consists of data collected during four cruises that took place in the seasonally high-flow period (May-June) in each of three years (2004-06) and in a low-flow period in the second year (August, 2005). The sampling was spread over three years to attempt to include interannual differences in processes related to wind and river flow variability. The 21-day length of the cruises ensured that a variety of circulation and growth regimes, including upwelling and relaxation/downwelling and neap/spring tides, were observed.</p>
<p>The field studies used two vessels operating simultaneously. The R/V Wecoma obtained primarily biological and chemical rate data: a) at individual stations on cardinal lines north and south of the river mouth (off Grays Harbor, WA and Cape Meares, OR) and near the river mouth; b) at selected process study stations; and c) at fixed stations near the river mouth during strong neap and spring tides (time series). A towed sensor package was used to obtain micronutrient samples near the sea surface on cardinal lines and other selected transects. Underway measurements included macronutrients (N, P, Si), dissolved trace metals (Fe, Mn), supplemented with discrete samples from the underway system (microscopy, FlowCAM and particulate trace metals). At CTD stations vertical profiles (0-200 m where possible; and 500 m at selected stations) of T, S, vertical shear and currents, dissolved O2, in vivo fluorescence, PAR, chlorophyll a, dissolved macronutrients (NO3, NH4, urea, PO4, SiO4), dissolved trace metals, and heterotrophic and autotrophic plankton composition were obtained. Surface drifters were used to follow the mixing of individual plumes and to provide information on surface currents.</p>
<p>On the R/V Pt. Sur, synoptic mesoscale and fine-scale features were sampled with underway measurements of near-surface T, S, velocity, particle size and concentration, PAR, transmissivity and fluorescence and nitrate+nitrite. The Pt. Sur's Triaxus tow fish provided high-resolution sections of T, S, zooplankton (Laser-OPC), PAR and transmissivity, fluorescence, particle size and concentration (LISST-FLOC25X), UV absorption and nitrate (Satlantic ISUS) and radiance/irradiance (7 channels) through the upper water column to 50 m. Rapidly-executed transects of turbulence and fine-structure were also carried out using the Chameleon profiler; these provide full-depth profiles of T, S, optics (880 nm backscatter and fluorescence), turbulence dissipation rates and turbulent fluxes every 1-3 minutes. During selected periods, transects were repeated hourly to capture the high-frequency evolution in the plume's nearfield and river estuary. Acoustics (surface-deployed 1200 kHz ADCP and 120 kHz echosounder) were used to image fine-scale features of the velocity and backscatter fields, resolving fronts, nonlinear internal waves, and turbulent billows.</p>
<p>The temporal context for observed variability was provided by an array of moored sensors deployed in the plume near field as well as on the shelf north and south of the plume (complemented by the pre-existing long-term estuarine and plume stations of the CORIE/SATURN network. To better resolve regional differences, moorings were moved farther north and south to the cardinal sampling lines after the first year of the program. Surface currents were mapped hourly from shore using HF radar with two simultaneously operating arrays, one with a 40 km range and a 2 km range resolution, the other with a 150 km range and a 6 km range resolution. Satellite ocean color, sea surface temperature, turbidity and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) were also obtained when available.</p>
<p>Two modeling systems were developed or enhanced during RISE. The system developed specifically for RISE employed a structured grid model (ROMS) and was used in hindcast mode (MacCready et al., 2008). The CORIE/SATURN modeling system (Baptista, 2006)- based on two unstructured-grid models (SELFE, Zhang and Baptista, 2008; and ELCIRC, Zhang et al., 2004)- was used in both near real-time prognostic mode and multi-year hindcast mode. Both modeling systems incorporated the estuary in the simulation domain (although at different resolutions) and used realistic river, ocean and atmospheric forcing conditions, tidal forcing, and Columbia River estuary forcing. Wind/heat flux model forcing for ROMS was derived from the 4 km MM5 regional wind/heat flux model. SELFE and LCIRC were also forced by MM5. Conditions on open boundaries were provided by ~9 km resolution models from the Navy Research Laboratory (NRL) (NCOM); ROMS used the smaller domain NCOM-CCS NRL model, SELFE and ELCIRC used the larger domain Global-NCOM model. The biological model is a four-box ("NPZD") nitrogen-budget model that tracks nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus in every cell of the ROMS grid. The rich RISE biological dataset allowed model validation against not just stocks (chlorophyll, microzooplankton, nutrients) but rates (phytoplankton growth and grazing) directly, a level of validation that is seldom possible. These rate observations also allowed the setting of key model parameters (e.g., zooplankton ingestion rate and mortality) empirically (Banas, et al., 2008).</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong><br />
Banas, N. S., P. MacCready, and B. M. Hickey (2008), The Columbia River plume as cross-shelf<br />
exporter and along-coast barrier, doi:10.1016 Cont. Shelf Res., 2008.03.011</p>
<p>Baptista, A. M. (2006), CORIE: the first decade of a coastal-margin collaborative observatory,<br />
Oceans'06, MTS/ IEEE, Boston, MA.</p>
<p>Hickey, B.M., and the RISE PIs. River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems: Introduction to the RISE<br />
Volume, Cont. Shelf Res., in press.</p>
<p>MacCready, P., N. S. Banas, B. H. Hickey, E. P. Dever, and Y. Liu (2008), A model study of<br />
tide- and wind-induced mixing in the Columbia River Estuary and Plume, ,doi:10.1016/j.<br />
Cont. Shelf Res. 2008.03.015.</p>
<p><strong>RISE Cruise Reports and Figures:</strong><br />
<strong>2004 RISE-1</strong><br />
RISE04W1=R/V Wecoma, W0407A, July 8-28, 2004<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-1_Wecoma_CruiseReport.pdf">Cruise Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-1_CruiseTrack.gif" target="_blank">Cruise Track</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-1_Stations_and_Moorings.gif" target="_blank">Stations and Moorings</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-1_WindEvents.gif" target="_blank">Wind Events</a></p>
<p>RISE2004=R/V Point Sur, (tbd), July 8-28, 2004<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-1_PtSur_CruiseReport.pdf">Cruise Report</a></p>
<p>
<strong>2005 RISE-2</strong><br />
RISE05W2=R/V Wecoma, W0505C, May 29-June 21, 2005<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-2_Wecoma_CruiseReport.pdf">Cruise Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-2_CruiseTrack.gif" target="_blank">Cruise Track</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-2_Stations_and_Moorings.gif" target="_blank">Stations and Moorings</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-2_WindEvents.gif" target="_blank">Wind Events</a></p>
<p>RISE2005a=R/V Point Sur, (tbd), May 29-June 21, 2005<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-2_PtSur_CruiseReport.pdf">Cruise Report</a></p>
<p>
<strong>2005 RISE-3</strong><br />
RISE05W3=R/V Wecoma, W0508, August 4-August 26, 2005<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_CruiseReport_Daily.pdf">Daily Cruise Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_CruiseReport_Lessard.pdf">Lessard Cruise Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_Wecoma_CruiseReport_Peterson.pdf">Peterson/Shaw Zooplankton Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-3_CruiseTrack.gif" target="_blank">Cruise Track</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-3_Stations_and_Moorings.gif" target="_blank">Stations and Moorings</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-3_WindEvents.gif" target="_blank">Wind Events</a></p>
<p>RISE2005b=R/V Point Sur, (tbd), August 2-August 27, 2005<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_PtSur_Nash_Cr05_CruiseReport.pdf">Cruise Report</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_PtSur_CruiseLog_abbrev.pdf">Cruise Log</a></p>
<p>
<strong>2006 RISE-4</strong><br />
RISE06W4=R/V Wecoma, W0605B, May 21-June 13, 2006<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-4_Wecoma_CruiseReport_F.pdf">Cruise Report 1</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-4_Wecoma_CruiseReport_F_TDP.pdf">Cruise Report 2</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-4_CruiseTrack.gif" target="_blank">Cruise Track</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-4_Stations_and_Moorings.gif" target="_blank">Stations and Moorings</a><br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/Figures/RISE-4_WindEvents.gif" target="_blank">Wind Events</a></p>
<p>RISE2006a=Leg 1, R/V Point Sur, (tbd), May 21-May 31, 2006<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-4_a_PtSur_CruiseReport_Nash.pdf">Cruise Report Leg 1</a><br />
RISE2006b=Leg 2, R/V Point Sur, (tbd), June 2-June 12, 2006<br />
<a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-4_b_PtSur_CruiseReport_Jay.pdf">Cruise Report Leg 2</a></p>
RISE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Northeast Pacific, coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon
2009-01-30
Northeast Pacific, coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Phytoplankton growth and grazing rates from R/V Wecoma multiple cruises in the Northeast Pacific coastal waters off states of Washington and Oregon from 2004 to 2006 (RISE project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19937.rdf
Name: dilexptID
Units: text
Description: <p>Experiment number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19938.rdf
Name: Cruise
Units: Text
Description: <p>Cruise name and number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19939.rdf
Name: CTD
Units: Text
Description: <p>CTD number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19940.rdf
Name: Station
Units: Text
Description: <p>Standard station ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19941.rdf
Name: lon
Units: Decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19942.rdf
Name: lat
Units: Decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19943.rdf
Name: date
Units: YYYYMMDD
Description: <p>Local date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19944.rdf
Name: depth
Units: Meters
Description: <p>Depth of sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19945.rdf
Name: tot_chl
Units: micrograms l-1
Description: <p>Initial total chlorophyll concentration for dilution experiments</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19946.rdf
Name: gt5_chl
Units: micrograms l-1
Description: <p>Initial chlorophyll concentration > 5 µm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19947.rdf
Name: lt5_chl
Units: micrograms l-1
Description: <p>Initial chlorophyll concentration < 5 µm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19948.rdf
Name: tot_u
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ phytoplankton growth rate of total community</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19949.rdf
Name: gt5_u
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ phytoplankton growth rate of total community on the >5 µm phytoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19950.rdf
Name: lt5_u
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ phytoplankton growth rate of total community on the <5 µm phytoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19951.rdf
Name: tot_g
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ microzooplankton grazing rate of total phytoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19952.rdf
Name: gt5_g
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ microzooplankton grazing rate on the >5 µm phytoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/19953.rdf
Name: lt5_g
Units: d-1
Description: <p>In situ microzooplankton grazing rate on the <5 µm phytoplankton </p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
7321
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/OJJGvKKi0GKqvK/Growth.csv
Growth.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 3252
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3252/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p><b>Methods for In Situ Phytoplankton Growth and Grazing Rate Measurements</b><br />
<br />
Growth rate and microzooplankton grazing rates on total, &gt;5 and &lt; 5 &micro;m phytoplankton were measured on the Washington and Oregon coasts on three RISE cruises from 2004-2006.<br />
<b>Note: No growth rate experiments were conducted on RISE3W/W0508 (Aug/2005)</b><br />
<br />
Estimates of in situ phytoplankton growth rate (&micro;, d-1) and grazing (g, d-1) of size-fractionated Chl a (&lt; 5 &micro;m and &gt; 5 &micro;m) were determined simultaneously using the seawater dilution technique (e.g., Landry et al. 1995). Seawater was collected from the depth corresponding to 50% surface irradiance and was typically between 3 and 5 m depth. Particle-free filtered seawater (FSW) was made by first pooling the water of several Niskin bottles into a 50 L polyethylene carboy and then gravity filtering this water through an in-line cascade of 3 &micro;m and 0.2 &micro;m Pall-Gelman pleated capsule filters and into a 20 L polycarbonate carboy. Experimental bottles (2.5 L polycarbonate bottles) were filled to pre-determined levels with FSW. All containers, tubing, and in-line filters were acid-cleaned prior to use with 5% (v/v) HCl acid and rinsed copiously with deionized water. Clean techniques were used throughout all experimental and sample manipulation.<br />
<br />
Whole seawater (WSW) was drained from several Niskin bottles (same cast as FSW) using silicone tubing wrapped with 200 &micro;m mesh into a 50 L polyethylene carboy. The WSW was kept well-mixed by gentle stirring with a polyethylene plunger. The WSW was siphoned from the 50 L WSW carboy into the experimental bottles containing the PFW to reach either three (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 WSW) or five (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 WSW) target dilution levels. Experimental bottles were amended with nutrients to achieve enrichments of 10 &micro;mol L-1 nitrate (NaNO3), 0.63 &micro;mol L-1 phosphate (NaH2PO4 * H2O), 10 &micro;mol L-1 silicic acid (Na2O3Si * 9H2O), and 3 nmol L-1 Fe (Fe in 2% HCl) to the ambient water concentrations. An additional set of 1.0 WSW bottles were filled without nutrient amendments to test for potential nutrient limitation phytoplankton communities. Duplicate samples were randomly taken from the WSW carboy during water disbursement for chlorophyll, preserved samples and nutrients.<br />
<br />
Dilution treatment bottles were placed in clear Plexiglas tubes covered with mylar film to simulate the in situ irradiance. The tubes were secured to a revolving wheel (1 rpm) submerged in a Plexiglas on-deck incubator and incubated for 24 h. The temperature inside the incubator was maintained near in situ levels by continuously flowing surface seawater. Incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, &micro;mol quanta m-2 s-1) was measured with a Hobo Par Smart Sensor and data logger mounted on the incubator, and water temperature was monitored with a submerged Hobo Water Temp Pro data logger.<br />
<br />
In each replicate dilution bottle, the nutrient-amended net growth rate (kn) was determined according to kn = ln(N1/N0)/t1-t0, where N1 and N0 are the final total and size-fractionated Chl a concentration at time 1 (t1) and time 0 (t0), respectively. The intrinsic rates of growth (&micro;, d-1) and mortality due to grazing by microzooplankton (g, d-1) of the size fractionated Chl a were calculated by linear regression of net growth rate (kn) in each nutrient amended dilution bottle against the fraction of WSW, Di. Growth (&micro;) was determined by extrapolation of the regression to the ordinal intercept, where Di (proportional to grazing mortality, g) becomes zero, and hence, kn = &micro;n. Because nutrients were added to the treatment bottles, if phytoplankton growth is limited by in situ nutrient concentrations, &micro;n is a potential growth rate. When nutrient-limited growth was observed in the 1.0 WSW control bottles, the in situ intrinsic rate (&micro;un), was estimated from &micro;un = kun 1.0 + g, where k un 1.0 is the net growth rate in the 1.0 WSW treatment without added nutrients (Landry et al. 1995). Microzooplankton grazing on Chl a size fractions was determined by the slope of linear regressions of kn and Di. On two occasions dilution regressions showed evidence of saturated grazing kinetics (Gallegos 1989). For these experiments, &micro; was calculated using the linear portion of the regression, while g was calculated using g = &micro;n - kn1.0, where kn1.0 is the net growth rate in the nutrient-enhanced 1.0 WSW dilution treatment. <br />
<br />
<b>Further details on methods and measuring Pseudo-nitzschia-specific rates in these experiments can be found in:</b><br />
Olson, M.B., Lessard, E.J., Cochlan, W.P., Trainer, V.L., 2008. Intrinsic growth and microzooplankton grazing on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. diatoms from the coastal northeast Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53, 1352-1368.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><b>BCO-DMO Processing Notes</b><br />
Generated from original single sheet xls file contributed to BCO-DMO by Evelyn Lessard<br />
<br />
<b>BCO-DMO Edits</b><br />
- spaces in Cruise text field converted to &quot;_&quot;<br />
- Date formatted to YYYYMMDD<br />
- decimal data values padded to consistent decimal places<br />
- &quot;&lt;&quot;,&quot;&gt;&quot; symbols in parameter names changed to &quot;lt&quot;,&quot;gt&quot;<br />
- Cruise changed from &quot;RISE_1,2,3,4&quot; to RISE04W1, etc for consistency with other data sets</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Cruise: W0407A
W0407A
R/V Wecoma
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
R/V Wecoma
vessel
W0407A
Barbara M. Hickey
University of Washington
http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-1_Wecoma_CruiseReport.pdf
Report describing W0407A
Cruise: W0505C
W0505C
R/V Wecoma
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
R/V Wecoma
vessel
W0505C
Barbara M. Hickey
University of Washington
http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-2_Wecoma_CruiseReport.pdf
Report describing W0505C
Cruise: W0508
W0508
R/V Wecoma
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
R/V Wecoma
vessel
W0508
Kenneth W. Bruland
University of California-Santa Cruz
http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-3_CruiseReport_Daily.pdf
Report describing W0508
Cruise: W0605B
W0605B
R/V Wecoma
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
R/V Wecoma
vessel
W0605B
Barbara M. Hickey
University of Washington
http://bcodata.whoi.edu/RISE/CruiseReports/RISE-4_Wecoma_CruiseReport_F_TDP.pdf
Report describing W0605B
R/V Wecoma
Community Standard Description
NERC Vocabulary Server
R/V Wecoma
vessel