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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3303.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Surface underway pCO2 from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise RB-08-02 in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean near South Georgia Island in 2008 (SO_GasEx project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Hales, B. (2010) Surface underway pCO2 from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown cruise RB-08-02 in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean near South Georgia Island in 2008 (SO_GasEx project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 17 Feb 2010) Version Date 2010-02-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3303 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>CO2 - Surface Underway pCO2 Reduced Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;CO2 - Surface Underway pCO2 Reduced&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Data columns:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Note: Contains additional information about the individual parameters&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
beyond what is entered in the BCO-DMO parameter metadata&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
DOY_UTC: Decimal day of year on UTC. 0000h on 1Jan = 1.00000.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Time stamp from CPU clock, set automatically by a web-based NTP server.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Lat:  signed latitude in decimal degrees&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Lon:  signed longitude in decimal degrees&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
SST:  Sea Surface Temperature, as determined by RHB surface intake sensor.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Equilibrator T was about 0.8&amp;amp;deg; warmer than SST, and lagged SST by about 30 seconds.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
SSS:  Salinity (PSS) as measured by the SBE45 TSG unit plumbed to the outlet of the equilibrator.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
pCO2_SST: CO2 partial pressure in &amp;amp;micro;atm, at SST. xCO2 of any kind, wet or dry, is not reported.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
P_atm_kPa: The ambient atmospheric pressure recorded by the LI840, directly vented to the lab air.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
xCO2atm_wet_ppm: The mixing ratio of CO2 in ambient air at ambient humidity,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
drawn from an inverted u-tube intake with a shrouded intake on the 02 deck.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Raw data was calibrated exactly as for equilibrator pCO2, but not corrected for&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
pressure.  Periodic spikes in the data were most likely associated with exhaust&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
contamination, and account for all observations above 385 ppm.  Final data have &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
ejected values higher than 385 ppm for this field.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Vxmis:  Uncalibrated voltage from Wetlabs CStar transmissometer.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
VO2:  Uncalibrated voltage from SBE43 O2 sensor.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
VFl:  Uncalibrated voltage from WetLabs WetStar chlorophyll fluorometer.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Bad data:  Bad data were replaced by NaN.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Note: NaN replaced by BCO-DMO standard of 'nd' in BCO-DMO processing&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;See: &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Cruise_Report.pdf&amp;quot;&amp;gt;SO-GasEx cruise report, Section 5.4.3 ppgs 21-23&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;System configuration:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Water was supplied from the ship's surface intake supply, tapped in the main lab.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Flow went through CStar, WetStar, SBE43, membrane-contactor equilibrator, SBE45,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
and then to over-board-draining sink.  Analog sensors were logged via a NI USB6009&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
14-bit A/D card.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;CO2 measurement approach:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Atmospheric air was introduced to the equilibrator (LiquiCel 2.5x8) in counter-flow&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
arrangement at a controlled 300 ml/min.  Wet equilibrator effluent was delivered to&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
a custom pCO2 analyzer unit centered on a LICOR LI840 NDIR unit.  The NDIR unit&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
vented directly to the room atmosphere.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
The linearized xCO2 LI840 output data was calibrated with three dry gases of known&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
xCO2 (tied to primary Takahashi standards), and a linear calibration function.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Calibration gas mixtures were 197.8, 405, and 616 ppm, each known to about &amp;amp;plusmn; 2ppm.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Calibrated xCO2 data was converted to pCO2 by multiplying by the total gas-side&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
equilibrator pressure.  Equilibrator pressure was determined by adding the gauge&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
pressure in the equilibrator to the LI840 cell pressure. Gauge pressure was determined&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
with a Honeywell ASCX05DN compensated pressure sensor with a 31.7V/atmosphere pressure&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
sensitivity.  Equilibrator differential pressure was typically about 0.005 atm.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Data reduction:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Raw data was collected at 1 Hz.  Data was reduced to 21.6 second (0.00025 day) intervals&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
using a running cubic polynomial smoothing function originating on each time interval.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Data from &amp;amp;plusmn; 0.0025 day from each interval were allowed in the smoothing function. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Smoothing was performed if there were raw data bracketing each time interval, and if&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
the polynomial was more than 5x over-constrained with raw observations.  All entries&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
were reduced in this way except xCO2_atm, which was only sampled about once every 4 hours&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
during standard sequences.  This data was interpolated to the full 1-Hz resolution of&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
the raw samples, and subsequently smoothed as the other entries.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Data uncertainties:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Data are believed to be accurate to within about &amp;amp;plusmn;4 &amp;amp;micro;atm.  About half of this is due to&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
calibration uncertainties, and a little less due to temperature correction uncertainties&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
(assuming a 0.1&amp;amp;deg;C total temperature correction uncertainty).  The pressure correction&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
term is estimated to contribute less than 0.3 &amp;amp;micro;atm to the uncertainty.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
      </gmd:abstract>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55043.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NOAA" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NOAA</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmd:credit>
        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55217.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NASA" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Aeronautics &amp; Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NASA</gmx:Anchor>
      </gmd:credit>
        <gmd:credit>
        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55218.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NSF" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NSF</gmx:Anchor>
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Â» International SOLAS Web site
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What are the gas transfer velocities at high winds?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is the effect of fetch on the gas transfer?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do other non-direct wind effects influence gas transfer?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do changing pCO2 and DMS levels affect the air-sea CO2 and DMS flux, respectively in the same locale?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are there better predictors of gas exchange in the Southern Ocean other than wind?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is the near surface horizontal and vertical variability in turbulence, pCO2, and other relevant biochemical and physical parameters?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do biological processes influence pCO2 and gas exchange?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do the different disparate estimates of fluxes agree, and if not why?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With the results from Southern Ocean GasEx, can we reconcile the current discrepancy between model based CO2 flux estimates and observation based estimates?&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Related files&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Cruise_Report.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx cruise report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Science_Plan.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx Science Plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Implementation_Plan.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx Implementation Plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The SO-GasEx cruise report and Science and Implementation plans, may also be available at &lt;a href=&quot;http://so-gasex.org/science.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;the SO-GasEx science Web page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;System configuration:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;CO2 measurement approach:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Data reduction:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Data uncertainties:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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