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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3311.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Hourly means for DMS flux, transfer velocity, and associated variables from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Browncruise RB-08-02 in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean near South Georgia Island in 2008 (SO_GasEx project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Blomquist, B., Huebert, B. (2010) Hourly means for DMS flux, transfer velocity, and associated variables from NOAA Ship Ronald H. Browncruise RB-08-02 in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean near South Georgia Island in 2008 (SO_GasEx project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 16 March 2010) Version Date 2010-03-16 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3311 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Hourly mean data for DMS flux, transfer velocity, and associated variables Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;These data are hourly mean data for DMS flux, transfer velocity,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
and associated variables. Most associated variables are derived&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
from the Univ. Conn.10 min meteorological data product (Sept 2009 version).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Seawater DMS data are from S. Archer, Plymouth Marine Labs, Jan 2010 release.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Notes:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
1) DMS flux and transfer velocity measurements have been filtered to remove hours&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
of atmospheric stability when z/L &amp;amp;gt; 0.05.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
2) Additional periods of anamalously low flux during the first tracer patch and the&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
high wind event on transit to Uruguay are not presented in this release.  We&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
are currently examining this data to better understand the reason for the low&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
results.  For access to these measurements contact the investigators.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Contact:  Barry Huebert, University of Hawaii Oceanography, huebert@hawaii.edu&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;See: &amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Cruise_Report.pdf&amp;quot;&amp;gt;SO-GasEx cruise report, Section 5.1.3 ppgs 11-12&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Operation description:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Continuous measurement of atmospheric DMS concentration at 20 Hz,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
sampled from the 18m level of the bow jackstaff.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sampling times and locations:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Continuous, except for periods when ship speed and heading is&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
changing frequently, typically during the tracer injection.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Overall sampling strategy:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Air is sampled into a 3/8&amp;amp;quot; ID teflon tube at a flow rate of 110-120&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Standard Liters Per Minute (SLPM) and brought to a lab van located&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
on the O2 deck, forward of the bridge.  The inlet tip is located near&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
a sonic anemometer to facilitate eddy correlation analysis of the data.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Analytical method:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
A continuous internal standard gas (isotopically labeled: d-3 dimethylsulfide&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
in nitrogen) is injected into the sample flow at the inlet tip.  In the&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
lab van, the sample flow is subsampled at 3-4 SLPM into an atmospheric&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS), where the ambient to standard&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
DMS isotopomer ratio is measured at 20 Hz.  We calculate the ambient DMS&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
concentration from the isotopomer ratio, sample flow rate and known&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
concentration of standard in the sample air.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Instrument details:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometer: designed and built&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
at Univ. of Hawaii, based on the APIMS developed in Alan Bandy's lab&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
at Drexel University (Bandy et al, JGR 107, D24, p.4743, 2002).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Operation Log  - During Cruise&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;
Affected dataComments
3/1/2008 2300 GMTCommence atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/3/2008 1640 GMTEnd atmospheric DMS sampling.
3/3/2008 1826 GMTCommence seawater DMS measurements.
3/6/2008 1800 GMTEnd seawater DMS trials.
3/7/2008 0045 GMTCommence atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/7/2008 2130 GMTSuspend DMS measurements during injection and buoy deployment.
3/8/2008 2134 GMTResume atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/19/2008 1300 GMTStop DMS flux system during downwind survey legs.
3/19/2008 1500 GMTRestart DMS flux system on upwind survey legs.
3/19/2008 2000 GMTStop DMS flux system.
3/20/2008 1300 GMTRestart DMS flux system during CTD.
3/20/2008 1957 GMTStop DMS flux system during tracer injection.
3/21/2008 1600 GMTRestart DMS flux system.
3/22/2008 1240-1300 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly to adjust source flow.
3/23/2008 1055-1100 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly to remove inlet filter.
3/24/2008 0004-0027 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly due to ship exhaust.
3/25/2008 2020 GMTStop DMS flux system: sensitivity gone.
3/26/2008 0200 GMTRestart DMS flux system after cleaning mass spec inlet aperture.
3/26/2008 1500-1600 GMTMissing data, files not written.
4/4/2008 1600 GMTEND atmospheric DMS sampling.
4/4/2008 1800 GMTBegin 2nd trial, seawater DMS sampling.
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55043.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NOAA" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NOAA</gmx:Anchor>
      </gmd:credit>
        <gmd:credit>
        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55217.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NASA" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Aeronautics &amp; Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NASA</gmx:Anchor>
      </gmd:credit>
        <gmd:credit>
        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55218.rdf" xlink:title="unknown SO_GasEx NSF" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award Number: unknown SO_GasEx NSF</gmx:Anchor>
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                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/project/2064.rdf" xlink:title="Project" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment</gmx:Anchor>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>&lt;p&gt;The Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SO-GasEx; also known as GasEx III) took place in the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (nominally at 50°S, 40°W, near South Georgia Island) in austral fall of 2008 (February 29-April 12, 2008) on the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moc.noaa.gov/rb/&quot;&gt;NOAA ship &lt;em&gt;Ronald H. Brown&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. SO-GasEX is funded by NOAA, NSF and NASA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The research objectives for Southern Ocean GasEx are to answer the following questions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What are the gas transfer velocities at high winds?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is the effect of fetch on the gas transfer?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do other non-direct wind effects influence gas transfer?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do changing pCO2 and DMS levels affect the air-sea CO2 and DMS flux, respectively in the same locale?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Are there better predictors of gas exchange in the Southern Ocean other than wind?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;What is the near surface horizontal and vertical variability in turbulence, pCO2, and other relevant biochemical and physical parameters?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;How do biological processes influence pCO2 and gas exchange?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Do the different disparate estimates of fluxes agree, and if not why?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;With the results from Southern Ocean GasEx, can we reconcile the current discrepancy between model based CO2 flux estimates and observation based estimates?&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Related files&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Cruise_Report.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx cruise report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Science_Plan.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx Science Plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SO-GasEx/SO_GasEx_Implementation_Plan.pdf&quot;&gt;SO-GasEx Implementation Plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The SO-GasEx cruise report and Science and Implementation plans, may also be available at &lt;a href=&quot;http://so-gasex.org/science.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;the SO-GasEx science Web page&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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	Name: date
	Units: YYYYMMDD
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Date variable  GMT  start of hour for flux measurement&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21356.rdf
	Name: time
	Units: HHMM
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Time variable  GMT  start of hour for flux measurement&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21357.rdf
	Name: lon
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;GPS longitude&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21358.rdf
	Name: lat
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;GPS latitude&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21359.rdf
	Name: SOG
	Units: knots
	Description: &lt;p&gt;GPS speed over ground in knots&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21360.rdf
	Name: Gyro
	Units: degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Ship gyro heading in degrees&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21361.rdf
	Name: FluxDuration
	Units: seconds
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Duration of flux measurement  seconds&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21362.rdf
	Name: DMS
	Units: pptv
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Atmospheric mean DMS concentration measured in parts per trillion by volume  (pptv)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21363.rdf
	Name: DMSflux
	Units: uMoles m^-2 day^-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Corrected DMS flux in uMoles m^-2 day^-1 at ambient conditions&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21364.rdf
	Name: DMSflux_error
	Units: uMoles m^-2 day^-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flux error (uMoles m^-2 day^-1) computed following Blomquist et al. Atm.Meas.Tech; 3; 1-20; 2010&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21365.rdf
	Name: kDMS
	Units: cm/hr
	Description: &lt;p&gt;DMS transfer velocity for ambient conditions in cm/hr (not Sc corrected)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21366.rdf
	Name: kDMS_error
	Units: cm/hr
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Transfer velocity error in cm/hr&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21367.rdf
	Name: U10N
	Units: m/sec
	Description: &lt;p&gt;10 m neutral wind speed in m/s from COARE 3.0 bulk flux model&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21368.rdf
	Name: Ustar_COARE
	Units: m/sec
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Friction velocity in m/s from COARE 3.0&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21369.rdf
	Name: Rwspd
	Units: m/sec
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Relative wind speed in m/s&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21370.rdf
	Name: Sc_DMS
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;DMS Schmidt number at ambient sea surface temperature and salinity&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21371.rdf
	Name: swDMS
	Units: nM
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sea water DMS concentration in nM (or uMoles m-3)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21372.rdf
	Name: Rwdir
	Units: degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Relative wind direction  zero degrees on bow  starboard positive&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21373.rdf
	Name: Tair
	Units: degrees Celcius
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Air temperature  deg C&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21374.rdf
	Name: SST
	Units: degrees Celcius
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Sea surface temperature  deg C&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21375.rdf
	Name: Sal
	Units: ppth
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Salinity in parts per thousand&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21376.rdf
	Name: Longwave
	Units: w  m^-2
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Longwave radiation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21377.rdf
	Name: Shortwave
	Units: w  m^-2
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Shortwave radiation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/21378.rdf
	Name: z_L
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Dimensionless stability parameter  z=18m  L from COARE 3.0.&lt;/p&gt; 
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Operation description:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Continuous measurement of atmospheric DMS concentration at 20 Hz,&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
sampled from the 18m level of the bow jackstaff.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sampling times and locations:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Continuous, except for periods when ship speed and heading is&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Overall sampling strategy:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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Standard Liters Per Minute (SLPM) and brought to a lab van located&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
on the O2 deck, forward of the bridge.  The inlet tip is located near&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
a sonic anemometer to facilitate eddy correlation analysis of the data.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Analytical method:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
A continuous internal standard gas (isotopically labeled: d-3 dimethylsulfide&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
in nitrogen) is injected into the sample flow at the inlet tip.  In the&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
lab van, the sample flow is subsampled at 3-4 SLPM into an atmospheric&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS), where the ambient to standard&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
DMS isotopomer ratio is measured at 20 Hz.  We calculate the ambient DMS&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
concentration from the isotopomer ratio, sample flow rate and known&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
concentration of standard in the sample air.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Instrument details:&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometer: designed and built&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
at Univ. of Hawaii, based on the APIMS developed in Alan Bandy's lab&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
at Drexel University (Bandy et al, JGR 107, D24, p.4743, 2002).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;Operation Log  - During Cruise&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;
Affected dataComments
3/1/2008 2300 GMTCommence atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/3/2008 1640 GMTEnd atmospheric DMS sampling.
3/3/2008 1826 GMTCommence seawater DMS measurements.
3/6/2008 1800 GMTEnd seawater DMS trials.
3/7/2008 0045 GMTCommence atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/7/2008 2130 GMTSuspend DMS measurements during injection and buoy deployment.
3/8/2008 2134 GMTResume atmospheric DMS flux measurements.
3/19/2008 1300 GMTStop DMS flux system during downwind survey legs.
3/19/2008 1500 GMTRestart DMS flux system on upwind survey legs.
3/19/2008 2000 GMTStop DMS flux system.
3/20/2008 1300 GMTRestart DMS flux system during CTD.
3/20/2008 1957 GMTStop DMS flux system during tracer injection.
3/21/2008 1600 GMTRestart DMS flux system.
3/22/2008 1240-1300 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly to adjust source flow.
3/23/2008 1055-1100 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly to remove inlet filter.
3/24/2008 0004-0027 GMTStop DMS flux system briefly due to ship exhaust.
3/25/2008 2020 GMTStop DMS flux system: sensitivity gone.
3/26/2008 0200 GMTRestart DMS flux system after cleaning mass spec inlet aperture.
3/26/2008 1500-1600 GMTMissing data, files not written.
4/4/2008 1600 GMTEND atmospheric DMS sampling.
4/4/2008 1800 GMTBegin 2nd trial, seawater DMS sampling.
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;
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