http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3356
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2010-07-09
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Underway Data (SAS) from R/V Roger Revelle KNOX22RR in the Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) from 2008-2009 (COPAS08 project)
2010-06-28
publication
2010-06-28
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2010-06-28
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3356
William M. Balch
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Balch, W. M. (2010) Underway Data (SAS) from R/V Roger Revelle KNOX22RR in the Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) from 2008-2009 (COPAS08 project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 28 June 2010) Version Date 2010-06-28 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3356 [access date]
Underway Data (SAS) Dataset Description: <p>Along track temperature, Salinity, backscatter, Chlorophyll Fluoresence, and normalized water leaving radiance (nLw).<br />
<br />
On the bow of the R/V Roger Revelle was a Satlantic SeaWiFS Aircraft Simulator (MicroSAS) system, used to estimate water-leaving radiance from the ship, analogous to to the nLw derived by the SeaWiFS and MODIS satellite sensors, but free from atmospheric error (hence, it can provide data below clouds).<br />
<br />
The system consisted of a down-looking radiance sensor and a sky-viewing radiance sensor, both mounted on a steerable holder on the bow. A downwelling irradiance sensor was mounted at the top of the ship's meterological mast, on the bow, far from any potentially shading structures. These data were used to estimate normalized water-leaving radiance as a function of wavelength. The radiance detector was set to view the water at 40deg from nadir as recommended by Mueller et al. [2003b]. The water radiance sensor was able to view over an azimuth range of ~180deg across the ship's heading with no viewing of the ship's wake. The direction of the sensor was adjusted to view the water 90-120deg from the sun's azimuth, to minimize sun glint. This was continually adjusted as the time and ship's gyro heading were used to calculate the sun's position using an astronomical solar position subroutine interfaced with a stepping motor which was attached to the radiometer mount (designed and fabricated at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). Protocols for operation and calibration were performed according to Mueller [Mueller et al., 2003a; Mueller et al., 2003b; Mueller et al., 2003c]. Before 1000h and after 1400h, data quality was poorer as the solar zenith angle was too low. Post-cruise, the 10Hz data were filtered to remove as much residual white cap and glint as possible (we accept the lowest 5% of the data). Reflectance plaque measurements were made several times at local apparent noon on sunny days to verify the radiometer calibrations.<br />
<br />
Within an hour of local apparent noon each day, a Satlantic OCP sensor was deployed off the stern of the R/V Revelle after the ship oriented so that the sun was off the stern. The ship would secure the starboard Z-drive, and use port Z-drive and bow thruster to move the ship ahead at about 25cm s-1. The OCP was then trailed aft and brought to the surface ~100m aft of the ship, then allowed to sink to 100m as downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance were recorded continuously along with temperature and salinity. This procedure ensured there were no ship shadow effects in the radiometry.<br />
<br />
Instruments include a WETLabs wetstar fluorometer, a WETLabs ECOTriplet and a SeaBird microTSG.<br />
Radiometry was done using a Satlantic 7 channel microSAS system with Es, Lt and Li sensors.<br />
<br />
Chl data is based on inter calibrating surface discrete Chlorophyll measure with the temporally closest fluorescence measurement and applying the regression results to all fluorescence data.<br />
<br />
Data have been corrected for instrument biofouling and drift based on weekly purewater calibrations of the system. Radiometric data has been processed using standard Satlantic processing software and has been checked with periodic plaque measurements using a 2% spectralon standard.</p>
<p>Lw is calculated from Lt and Lsky and is &quot;what Lt would be if the<br />
sensor were looking straight down&quot;. Since our sensors are mounted at<br />
40o, based on various NASA protocols, we need to do that conversion.<br />
<br />
Lwn adds Es to the mix. Es is used to normalize Lw. Nlw is related to Rrs, Remote Sensing Reflectance<br />
<br />
Techniques used are as described in:<br />
Balch WM, Drapeau DT, Bowler BC, Booth ES, Windecker LA, Ashe A (2008) Space-time variability of carbon standing stocks and fixation rates in the Gulf of Maine, along the GNATS transect between Portland, ME, USA, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. J Plankton Res 30:119-139</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>On the bow of the R/V Roger Revelle was a Satlantic SeaWiFS Aircraft Simulator (MicroSAS) system, used to estimate water-leaving radiance from the ship, analogous to to the nLw derived by the SeaWiFS and MODIS satellite sensors, but free from atmospheric error (hence, it can provide data below clouds).<br />
<br />
The system consisted of a down-looking radiance sensor and a sky-viewing radiance sensor, both mounted on a steerable holder on the bow. A downwelling irradiance sensor was mounted at the top of the ship's meterological mast, on the bow, far from any potentially shading structures. These data were used to estimate normalized water-leaving radiance as a function of wavelength. The radiance detector was set to view the water at 40deg from nadir as recommended by Mueller et al. [2003b]. The water radiance sensor was able to view over an azimuth range of ~180deg across the ship's heading with no viewing of the ship's wake. The direction of the sensor was adjusted to view the water 90-120deg from the sun's azimuth, to minimize sun glint. This was continually adjusted as the time and ship's gyro heading were used to calculate the sun's position using an astronomical solar position subroutine interfaced with a stepping motor which was attached to the radiometer mount (designed and fabricated at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). Protocols for operation and calibration were performed according to Mueller [Mueller et al., 2003a; Mueller et al., 2003b; Mueller et al., 2003c]. Before 1000h and after 1400h, data quality was poorer as the solar zenith angle was too low. Post-cruise, the 10Hz data were filtered to remove as much residual white cap and glint as possible (we accept the lowest 5% of the data). Reflectance plaque measurements were made several times at local apparent noon on sunny days to verify the radiometer calibrations.<br />
<br />
Within an hour of local apparent noon each day, a Satlantic OCP sensor was deployed off the stern of the R/V Revelle after the ship oriented so that the sun was off the stern. The ship would secure the starboard Z-drive, and use port Z-drive and bow thruster to move the ship ahead at about 25cm s-1. The OCP was then trailed aft and brought to the surface ~100m aft of the ship, then allowed to sink to 100m as downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance were recorded continuously along with temperature and salinity. This procedure ensured there were no ship shadow effects in the radiometry.<br />
<br />
Instruments include a WETLabs wetstar fluorometer, a WETLabs ECOTriplet and a SeaBird microTSG.<br />
Radiometry was done using a Satlantic 7 channel microSAS system with Es, Lt and Li sensors.<br />
<br />
Chl data is based on inter calibrating surface discrete Chlorophyll measure with the temporally closest fluorescence measurement and applying the regression results to all fluorescence data.<br />
<br />
Data have been corrected for instrument biofouling and drift based on weekly purewater calibrations of the system. Radiometric data has been processed using standard Satlantic processing software and has been checked with periodic plaque measurements using a 2% spectralon standard.</p>
<p>Lw is calculated from Lt and Lsky and is &quot;what Lt would be if the<br />
sensor were looking straight down&quot;. Since our sensors are mounted at<br />
40o, based on various NASA protocols, we need to do that conversion.<br />
<br />
Lwn adds Es to the mix. Es is used to normalize Lw. Nlw is related to Rrs, Remote Sensing Reflectance<br />
<br />
Techniques used are as described in:<br />
Balch WM, Drapeau DT, Bowler BC, Booth ES, Windecker LA, Ashe A (2008) Space-time variability of carbon standing stocks and fixation rates in the Gulf of Maine, along the GNATS transect between Portland, ME, USA, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. J Plankton Res 30:119-139</p>
<p><br />
<b><i>Sample Header Information</i></b><br />
/begin_header<br />
/affiliations=Bigelow_Laboratory_for_Ocean_Sciences<br />
/investigators=William_Balch<br />
/contact=bbalch@bigelow.org<br />
/experiment=Patagonian_Shelf<br />
/cruise=copas08<br />
/data_type=flow_thru<br />
/east_longitude=-51.4146[DEG]<br />
/west_longitude=-62.9158[DEG]<br />
/north_latitude=-37.3333[DEG]<br />
/south_latitude=-54.2593[DEG]<br />
/start_date=20081205<br />
/end_date=20081231<br />
/start_time=00:00:04[GMT]<br />
/end_time=23:59:42[GMT]<br />
/fields=date,time,lat,lon,Wt,sal,chl,bbp532,es443,es491,es510,es556,es670,es781,es866,<br />
Lt443,Lt491,Lt510,Lt556,Lt670,Lt781,Lt866,Lsky443,Lsky491,Lsky510,Lsky556,Lsky670,Lsky781,Lsky866,<br />
Lw443,Lw491,Lw510,Lw556,Lw670,Lw781,Lw866,Lwn443,Lwn491,Lwn510,Lwn556,Lwn670,Lwn781,Lwn866,relaz<br />
/units=yyyymmdd,hh:mm:ss,degrees,degrees,degreesC,PSU,mg/m^3,1/m,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,degrees<br />
/delimiter=tab<br />
/documents=readme.txt<br />
/data_file_name=AMTcopas08.xls<br />
/data_status=preliminary<br />
/measurement_depth=5<br />
/missing=-999<br />
/water_depth=NA<br />
/wind_speed=NA<br />
/wave_height=NA<br />
/secchi_depth=NA<br />
/station=NA<br />
/cloud_percent=NA<br />
/calibration_files=amtcopas08-ac90194.dev,amtcopas08-vsf-061g.txt,amtcopas08-WS3S-1048P.dev,DI7125f.cal,DR7063f.cal,DR7064f.cal<br />
/end_header@</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0728582 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0728582
Funding provided by Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) Award Number: JGS 1166
Funding provided by National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Award Number: NNX08AJ88A
completed
William M. Balch
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive
East Boothbay
ME
04544
USA
bbalch@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 28 June 2010
Unknown
date
time
lon
lat
Wt
sal
chl
bbp532
es443
es491
es510
es556
es670
es781
es866
Lt443
Lt491
Lt510
Lt556
Lt670
Lt781
Lt866
Lsky443
Lsky491
Lsky510
Lsky556
Lsky670
Lsky781
Lsky866
Lw443
Lw491
Lw510
Lw556
Lw670
Lw781
Lw866
Lwn443
Lwn491
Lwn510
Lwn556
Lwn670
Lwn781
Lwn866
relaz
Fluorometer
MicroTSG Thermosalinograph
Radiometer
Triplet
theme
None, User defined
date
time of day
longitude
sea surface temperature
sea surface salinity
chlorophyll-a; fluorometric method
bbp532
irradiance
azimuth
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Fluorometer
MicroTSG Thermosalinograph
Radiometer
Wet Labs ECO Triplet
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
KNOX22RR
service
Deployment Activity
Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) 35-55°S, 55-65°W
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
Coccolithophores of the Patagonian Shelf 2008
http://www.bigelow.org/research/srs/william_m_balch/barney_balch_laboratory/
Coccolithophores of the Patagonian Shelf 2008
<p>A main focus of the COPAS project is to study coccolithophores at the fringes of the Southern Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf (PS) east of Argentina. Some of the most extensive coccolithophore blooms in the world occur on the PS but the remoteness of the region has impeded their study. In this part of the southern ocean, the most basic knowledge is lacking about a) the relationships between coccolithophores and other species of phytoplankton, b) the impact of coccolithophores on the carbon cycle and c) how environmental changes affect bloom taxonomy and function.</p>
<p>This will be the first multi-disciplinary ship-based investigation of these mesoscale blooms, building on an understanding of coccolithophore ecology derived almost exclusively from northern hemisphere bloom studies. This study will document the ecological factors regulating the spatial-temporal distribution of the coccolithophore blooms (the largest recurring coccolithophorid bloom in the sounthern hemisphere) using a combination of underway, satellite and discrete sampling. Satellite measurements will provide quantitative estimates of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in coccolithophore blooms while underway hydrographic and optical sampling will allow real-time evaluation of coccolithophores in both bloom and surrounding non-bloom waters. Vertical casts across the shelf front will provide depth resolved coccolithophore abundance as well as estimates of phytoplankton species richness.</p>
<p>Another goal is to examine the effects of ocean acidification on algal optical properties, coccolithophore concentrations and PIC concentrations (to be determined from deck experiments). Dilution experiments will provide key estimates on phytoplankton growth rates, coccolithophore growth rates and calcification rates, plus the intrinsic loss rates (i.e. phytoplankton grazing, coccolithophore grazing and dissolution associated with zooplankton grazing). PIC has not been examined in dilution experiments heretofore. The project will yield fundamental insights into a) our understanding of coccolithophore ecology (not just Emiliania huxleyi) and b) the utility of the "functional group" concept to describe coccolithophore variability over the PS. Such knowledge is critical to model complex biogeochemical processes that regulate phytoplankton production and the biological pump. It is also worthy of note that the PS coccolithophore populations are at the western edge of a southern hemisphere belt of enhanced coccolithophores thought to extend from the southern tip of South America to waters south of Australia, (~180 degrees of longitude).</p>
<p>The burning of fossil fuels is predicted to increase atmospheric CO2 to 750 p.p.m.v. or more under various future scenarios. As a large fraction of the anthropogenic CO2 diffuses into seawater, the ocean is becoming more acidic; it is predicted that the pH of the surface ocean will drop by up to 0.7 units by year 2300, a 5-fold increase in the proton concentration. A major goal is to examine the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophores, in a region of low calcite saturation. This study will provide the first detailed analysis of the coccolithophores in this enormous area of high suspended calcite water. The results will be highly relevant to our basic understanding of the marine carbon cycle.</p>
<p>Financial support for the participating UK scientists was also provided by the Luminescence and Marine Plankton project funded by the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory under the Joint Grant Scheme programme via Proposal Ref. 1166 to Dr. John Allen.</p>
<p><a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/COPAS08/COPAS08_Cruise_Report_V4.pdf" target="_blank">COPOAS'08 Cruise Report</a></p>
COPAS08
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) 35-55°S, 55-65°W
2010-06-28
Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) 35-55°S, 55-65°W.
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Underway Data (SAS) from R/V Roger Revelle KNOX22RR in the Patagonian Shelf (SW South Atlantic) from 2008-2009 (COPAS08 project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560212.rdf
Name: date
Units: yyyymmdd
Description: <p>date (GMT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560213.rdf
Name: time
Units: hhmmss
Description: <p>time(GMT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560214.rdf
Name: lon
Units: degrees
Description: <p>longitude (West is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560215.rdf
Name: lat
Units: degrees
Description: <p>latitude (South is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560216.rdf
Name: Wt
Units: degreesC
Description: <p>along track water temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560217.rdf
Name: sal
Units: PSU
Description: <p>salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560218.rdf
Name: chl
Units: mg/m^3
Description: <p>chlorophyll</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560219.rdf
Name: bbp532
Units: 1/m
Description: <p>backscatter at 532nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560220.rdf
Name: es443
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 443nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560221.rdf
Name: es491
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 491nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560222.rdf
Name: es510
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 510nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560223.rdf
Name: es556
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 556nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560224.rdf
Name: es670
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 670nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560225.rdf
Name: es781
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 781nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560226.rdf
Name: es866
Units: uW/cm^2/nm
Description: <p>irradiance at 866nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560227.rdf
Name: Lt443
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 443nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560228.rdf
Name: Lt491
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 491nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560229.rdf
Name: Lt510
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 510nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560230.rdf
Name: Lt556
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 556nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560231.rdf
Name: Lt670
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 670nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560232.rdf
Name: Lt781
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 781nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560233.rdf
Name: Lt866
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water radiance at 866nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560234.rdf
Name: Lsky443
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 443nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560235.rdf
Name: Lsky491
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 491nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560236.rdf
Name: Lsky510
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 510nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560237.rdf
Name: Lsky556
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 556nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560238.rdf
Name: Lsky670
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 670nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560239.rdf
Name: Lsky781
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 781nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560240.rdf
Name: Lsky866
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>sky radiance at 866nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560241.rdf
Name: Lw443
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 443nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560242.rdf
Name: Lw491
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 491nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560243.rdf
Name: Lw510
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 510nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560244.rdf
Name: Lw556
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 556nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560245.rdf
Name: Lw670
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 670nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560246.rdf
Name: Lw781
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 781nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560247.rdf
Name: Lw866
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>water leaving radiance radiance at 866nm</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560248.rdf
Name: Lwn443
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 443nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560249.rdf
Name: Lwn491
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 491nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560250.rdf
Name: Lwn510
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 510nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560251.rdf
Name: Lwn556
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 556nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560252.rdf
Name: Lwn670
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 670nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560253.rdf
Name: Lwn781
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 781nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560254.rdf
Name: Lwn866
Units: uW/cm^2/nm/sr
Description: <p>Normalized water leaving radiance radiance at 866nm (sometimes called nLw)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560255.rdf
Name: relaz
Units: degrees
Description: <p>relative azimuth</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
1637565
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/file/933jzKLS5vmv5/underway_data.csv
underway_data.csv
Primary data file for dataset ID 3356
download
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3356/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>On the bow of the R/V Roger Revelle was a Satlantic SeaWiFS Aircraft Simulator (MicroSAS) system, used to estimate water-leaving radiance from the ship, analogous to to the nLw derived by the SeaWiFS and MODIS satellite sensors, but free from atmospheric error (hence, it can provide data below clouds).<br />
<br />
The system consisted of a down-looking radiance sensor and a sky-viewing radiance sensor, both mounted on a steerable holder on the bow. A downwelling irradiance sensor was mounted at the top of the ship's meterological mast, on the bow, far from any potentially shading structures. These data were used to estimate normalized water-leaving radiance as a function of wavelength. The radiance detector was set to view the water at 40deg from nadir as recommended by Mueller et al. [2003b]. The water radiance sensor was able to view over an azimuth range of ~180deg across the ship's heading with no viewing of the ship's wake. The direction of the sensor was adjusted to view the water 90-120deg from the sun's azimuth, to minimize sun glint. This was continually adjusted as the time and ship's gyro heading were used to calculate the sun's position using an astronomical solar position subroutine interfaced with a stepping motor which was attached to the radiometer mount (designed and fabricated at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). Protocols for operation and calibration were performed according to Mueller [Mueller et al., 2003a; Mueller et al., 2003b; Mueller et al., 2003c]. Before 1000h and after 1400h, data quality was poorer as the solar zenith angle was too low. Post-cruise, the 10Hz data were filtered to remove as much residual white cap and glint as possible (we accept the lowest 5% of the data). Reflectance plaque measurements were made several times at local apparent noon on sunny days to verify the radiometer calibrations.<br />
<br />
Within an hour of local apparent noon each day, a Satlantic OCP sensor was deployed off the stern of the R/V Revelle after the ship oriented so that the sun was off the stern. The ship would secure the starboard Z-drive, and use port Z-drive and bow thruster to move the ship ahead at about 25cm s-1. The OCP was then trailed aft and brought to the surface ~100m aft of the ship, then allowed to sink to 100m as downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance were recorded continuously along with temperature and salinity. This procedure ensured there were no ship shadow effects in the radiometry.<br />
<br />
Instruments include a WETLabs wetstar fluorometer, a WETLabs ECOTriplet and a SeaBird microTSG.<br />
Radiometry was done using a Satlantic 7 channel microSAS system with Es, Lt and Li sensors.<br />
<br />
Chl data is based on inter calibrating surface discrete Chlorophyll measure with the temporally closest fluorescence measurement and applying the regression results to all fluorescence data.<br />
<br />
Data have been corrected for instrument biofouling and drift based on weekly purewater calibrations of the system. Radiometric data has been processed using standard Satlantic processing software and has been checked with periodic plaque measurements using a 2% spectralon standard.</p>
<p>Lw is calculated from Lt and Lsky and is &quot;what Lt would be if the<br />
sensor were looking straight down&quot;. Since our sensors are mounted at<br />
40o, based on various NASA protocols, we need to do that conversion.<br />
<br />
Lwn adds Es to the mix. Es is used to normalize Lw. Nlw is related to Rrs, Remote Sensing Reflectance<br />
<br />
Techniques used are as described in:<br />
Balch WM, Drapeau DT, Bowler BC, Booth ES, Windecker LA, Ashe A (2008) Space-time variability of carbon standing stocks and fixation rates in the Gulf of Maine, along the GNATS transect between Portland, ME, USA, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. J Plankton Res 30:119-139</p>
<p><br />
<b><i>Sample Header Information</i></b><br />
/begin_header<br />
/affiliations=Bigelow_Laboratory_for_Ocean_Sciences<br />
/investigators=William_Balch<br />
/contact=bbalch@bigelow.org<br />
/experiment=Patagonian_Shelf<br />
/cruise=copas08<br />
/data_type=flow_thru<br />
/east_longitude=-51.4146[DEG]<br />
/west_longitude=-62.9158[DEG]<br />
/north_latitude=-37.3333[DEG]<br />
/south_latitude=-54.2593[DEG]<br />
/start_date=20081205<br />
/end_date=20081231<br />
/start_time=00:00:04[GMT]<br />
/end_time=23:59:42[GMT]<br />
/fields=date,time,lat,lon,Wt,sal,chl,bbp532,es443,es491,es510,es556,es670,es781,es866,<br />
Lt443,Lt491,Lt510,Lt556,Lt670,Lt781,Lt866,Lsky443,Lsky491,Lsky510,Lsky556,Lsky670,Lsky781,Lsky866,<br />
Lw443,Lw491,Lw510,Lw556,Lw670,Lw781,Lw866,Lwn443,Lwn491,Lwn510,Lwn556,Lwn670,Lwn781,Lwn866,relaz<br />
/units=yyyymmdd,hh:mm:ss,degrees,degrees,degreesC,PSU,mg/m^3,1/m,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,<br />
uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,uW/cm^2/nm/sr,degrees<br />
/delimiter=tab<br />
/documents=readme.txt<br />
/data_file_name=AMTcopas08.xls<br />
/data_status=preliminary<br />
/measurement_depth=5<br />
/missing=-999<br />
/water_depth=NA<br />
/wind_speed=NA<br />
/wave_height=NA<br />
/secchi_depth=NA<br />
/station=NA<br />
/cloud_percent=NA<br />
/calibration_files=amtcopas08-ac90194.dev,amtcopas08-vsf-061g.txt,amtcopas08-WS3S-1048P.dev,DI7125f.cal,DR7063f.cal,DR7064f.cal<br />
/end_header@</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>On the bow of the R/V Roger Revelle was a Satlantic SeaWiFS Aircraft Simulator (MicroSAS) system, used to estimate water-leaving radiance from the ship, analogous to to the nLw derived by the SeaWiFS and MODIS satellite sensors, but free from atmospheric error (hence, it can provide data below clouds).<br />
<br />
The system consisted of a down-looking radiance sensor and a sky-viewing radiance sensor, both mounted on a steerable holder on the bow. A downwelling irradiance sensor was mounted at the top of the ship's meterological mast, on the bow, far from any potentially shading structures. These data were used to estimate normalized water-leaving radiance as a function of wavelength. The radiance detector was set to view the water at 40deg from nadir as recommended by Mueller et al. [2003b]. The water radiance sensor was able to view over an azimuth range of ~180deg across the ship's heading with no viewing of the ship's wake. The direction of the sensor was adjusted to view the water 90-120deg from the sun's azimuth, to minimize sun glint. This was continually adjusted as the time and ship's gyro heading were used to calculate the sun's position using an astronomical solar position subroutine interfaced with a stepping motor which was attached to the radiometer mount (designed and fabricated at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). Protocols for operation and calibration were performed according to Mueller [Mueller et al., 2003a; Mueller et al., 2003b; Mueller et al., 2003c]. Before 1000h and after 1400h, data quality was poorer as the solar zenith angle was too low. Post-cruise, the 10Hz data were filtered to remove as much residual white cap and glint as possible (we accept the lowest 5% of the data). Reflectance plaque measurements were made several times at local apparent noon on sunny days to verify the radiometer calibrations.<br />
<br />
Within an hour of local apparent noon each day, a Satlantic OCP sensor was deployed off the stern of the R/V Revelle after the ship oriented so that the sun was off the stern. The ship would secure the starboard Z-drive, and use port Z-drive and bow thruster to move the ship ahead at about 25cm s-1. The OCP was then trailed aft and brought to the surface ~100m aft of the ship, then allowed to sink to 100m as downwelling spectral irradiance and upwelling spectral radiance were recorded continuously along with temperature and salinity. This procedure ensured there were no ship shadow effects in the radiometry.<br />
<br />
Instruments include a WETLabs wetstar fluorometer, a WETLabs ECOTriplet and a SeaBird microTSG.<br />
Radiometry was done using a Satlantic 7 channel microSAS system with Es, Lt and Li sensors.<br />
<br />
Chl data is based on inter calibrating surface discrete Chlorophyll measure with the temporally closest fluorescence measurement and applying the regression results to all fluorescence data.<br />
<br />
Data have been corrected for instrument biofouling and drift based on weekly purewater calibrations of the system. Radiometric data has been processed using standard Satlantic processing software and has been checked with periodic plaque measurements using a 2% spectralon standard.</p>
<p>Lw is calculated from Lt and Lsky and is &quot;what Lt would be if the<br />
sensor were looking straight down&quot;. Since our sensors are mounted at<br />
40o, based on various NASA protocols, we need to do that conversion.<br />
<br />
Lwn adds Es to the mix. Es is used to normalize Lw. Nlw is related to Rrs, Remote Sensing Reflectance<br />
<br />
Techniques used are as described in:<br />
Balch WM, Drapeau DT, Bowler BC, Booth ES, Windecker LA, Ashe A (2008) Space-time variability of carbon standing stocks and fixation rates in the Gulf of Maine, along the GNATS transect between Portland, ME, USA, and Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. J Plankton Res 30:119-139<br />
<br />
<b>BCO-DMO Processing Notes</b><br />
Generated from original text file &quot;copas08-merged-SAS-flow.out&quot; contributed by Bruce Bowler<br />
<br />
<b>BCO-DMO Edits</b><br />
- Parameter names modified to conform to BCO-DMO convention<br />
- time reformatted to HHMMSS<br />
- &quot;-999&quot; no data flag changed to &quot;nd&quot;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Fluorometer
Fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Fluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:WETLabs wetstar fluorometer
Product Brochure Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
MicroTSG Thermosalinograph
MicroTSG Thermosalinograph
PI Supplied Instrument Name: MicroTSG Thermosalinograph PI Supplied Instrument Description:SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph
Product Brochure Instrument Name: MicroTSG Thermosalinograph Instrument Short Name:MicroTSG Instrument Description: An externally powered, high-accuracy instrument, designed for shipboard determination of sea surface (pumped-water) conductivity and temperature. Salinity and sound velocity can also be computed. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/133/
Radiometer
Radiometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Radiometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Radiometry was done using a Satlantic 7 channel microSAS system with Es, Lt and Li sensors
Product Brochure Instrument Name: Radiometer Instrument Short Name:Radiometer Instrument Description: Radiometer is a generic term for a range of instruments used to measure electromagnetic radiation (radiance and irradiance) in the atmosphere or the water column. For example, this instrument category includes free-fall spectral radiometer (SPMR/SMSR System, Satlantic, Inc), profiling or deck cosine PAR units (PUV-500 and 510, Biospherical Instruments, Inc). This is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/122/
Triplet
Triplet
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Triplet PI Supplied Instrument Description:WETLabs ECOTriplet
Product Brochure Instrument Name: Wet Labs ECO Triplet Instrument Short Name:Triplet Instrument Description: The Wet Labs ECO Triplet is a special-order, three-optical-sensor instrument available from WET Labs (wetlabs.com) in a user-defined configuration. The Triplet addresses the need for multiple simultaneous scattering and fluorescence sensors for autonomous vehicles and unattended measurement platforms. For example, possible configurations include any combination of three of the following: Blue scattering, Green scattering, Red scattering, Chlorophyll fluorescence, CDOM fluorescence, Phycoerythrin fluorescence, Phycocyanin fluorescence, Rhodamine fluorescence, or Uranine (fluorescein) fluorescence.
Cruise: KNOX22RR
KNOX22RR
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel
KNOX22RR
William M. Balch
University of Miami
http://bcodata.whoi.edu/COPAS08/COPAS08_Cruise_Report_V4.pdf
Report describing KNOX22RR
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel