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                            <gco:CharacterString>NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:
NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011
NSF 12-500, FY 2012
NSF 12-600, FY 2013
NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels &quot;Hang On&quot; Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Discovery nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) Discoveries - Trouble in Paradise: Ocean Acidification This Way Comes - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 12-179 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: Finding New Answers Through National Science Foundation Research Grants - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
Press Release 13-108 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Natural Underwater Springs Show How Coral Reefs Respond to Ocean Acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-148 Ocean acidification: Making new discoveries through National Science Foundation research grants
Press Release 13-148 - Video nsf.gov - News - Video - NSF Ocean Sciences Division Director David Conover answers questions about ocean acidification. - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-010 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Palau's coral reefs surprisingly resistant to ocean acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-116 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: NSF awards $11.4 million in new grants to study effects on marine ecosystems - US National Science Foundation (NSF)</gco:CharacterString>
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The impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems represents a vital question facing both marine scientists and managers of ocean resources. Thecosome pteropods are a group of calcareous planktonic molluscs widely distributed in coastal and open ocean pelagic ecosystems of the world¡¦s oceans. These animals secrete an aragonite shell, and thus are highly sensitive to ocean acidification due to the water column's changing carbonate chemistry, and particularly the shoaling of the aragonite compensation depth at which seawater becomes corrosive to aragonite. In many regions, however, relatively little is known about the abundance, distribution, vertical migratory behavior, and ecological importance of pteropods. Assessing the likely ecosystem consequences of changes in pteropod dynamics resulting from ocean acidification will require a detailed understanding of pteropod distribution and abundance relative to changing aragonite saturation in the water column.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The primary objective of this project is to quantify the distribution, abundance, species composition, shell condition, and vertical migratory behavior of oceanic thecosome pteropods in the northwest Atlantic and northeast Pacific, and correlate these quantities to hydrography and concurrent measurements of carbonate chemistry, including vertical and horizontal distributions of aragonite saturation. In particular, the project will capitalize on present-day variability in the depth distribution of aragonite saturation levels within and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as a &quot;natural experiment&quot; to address the hypotheses that pteropod vertical distribution, species composition, and abundance vary as the compensation depth becomes shallower. Secondary objectives are to develop acoustic protocols for the remote quantification of pteropod abundance for future integration into ocean acidification monitoring networks, and to characterize carbonate chemistry and nutrients along portions of two WOCE/CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography transects (A20 in the Atlantic and P17N in the Pacific) to identify decadal-scale changes in the carbonate system. These hypotheses and objectives will be addressed through two cruises along survey transects between 35 and 50 degrees North in the northwest Atlantic and northeast Pacific involving a combination of station-work and underway measurements, and a comprehensive array of instruments, including acoustic, optical, towed net, hydrographic, and carbonate chemistry sensors and sampling systems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This highly inter-disciplinary project, combines expertise in zooplankton ecology, acoustics, and marine chemistry. The proposed work will result in a detailed baseline understanding of variability in the horizontal and vertical distribution, as well as species composition, of thecosome pteropods in the northwest Atlantic and northeast Pacific, making a key contribution to zooplankton ecology generally. In addition, by quantifying the response to current spatial variability within and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the project will provide important information on the likely response of pteropod distribution to future changes in the vertical distribution of aragonite saturation levels, a necessary component in modeling the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystem function, services, and resources.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ocean acidification is increasingly appreciated as an urgent societal concern. Thecosome pteropods are key prey for a variety of commercially-exploited fish species, and the improved understanding the PIs seek of pteropod distribution and likely response to changing water column carbonate chemistry will have important implications for our understanding of potential effects of ocean acidification on marine resources.&lt;br /&gt;
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	Name: event
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;unique sampling event number derived from local YYYYMMDD.HHMM&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25880.rdf
	Name: time_local
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25881.rdf
	Name: date
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25882.rdf
	Name: time
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25883.rdf
	Name: lat
	Units: decimal degrees
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25884.rdf
	Name: lon
	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;longitude (East is positive; West is negative)&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25885.rdf
	Name: instrument
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;name of sampling device&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25886.rdf
	Name: activity
	Units: dimensionless
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25887.rdf
	Name: transect
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;transect number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25888.rdf
	Name: station
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;station number&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25889.rdf
	Name: cast
	Units: dimensionless
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	Name: depth_w
	Units: meters
	Description: &lt;p&gt;depth of water; seafloor depth from the shipboard 12 kHz Knudsen echosounder&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25891.rdf
	Name: author
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;name of person entering the event&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25892.rdf
	Name: comment
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;free text comment&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25893.rdf
	Name: PI_name
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;name of investigator responsible for the data from a sampling device&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25894.rdf
	Name: year
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;year that sampling was done&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25895.rdf
	Name: cruise_description
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;brief description of the type of cruise; indicates whether the cruise was planned for before or after the Herring spawning season&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25896.rdf
	Name: date_local
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date of activity in local time, designated as yyyymmdd&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25897.rdf
	Name: depth_cast
	Units: meters
	Description: &lt;p&gt;depth of cast or tow&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25898.rdf
	Name: start_date
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date for start of cruise&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25899.rdf
	Name: end_date
	Units: dimensionless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date for end of cruise&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/25900.rdf
	Name: chief_scientist
	Units: dimensionless
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from Cruise: OC473 &lt;p&gt;This event log used a test version of the R2R EventLogger software, Elog. Elog is an open source browser-based event logger from the NSF program &amp;quot;Rolling Deck to Repository&amp;quot; [http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=35716].&amp;nbsp; Events could be entered to Elog from any computer that was connected to the ship's intranet. After some research the IP address was discovered so that this was true for wired and wirelessly connected computers. Prior to the cruise, the headings were custom assigned such as the addition of transect and local time according to the specifications of the Chief Scientist. The list of instruments and names of cruise participants was created and edited in the configuration file. At first, the event entries were often missed or delayed but this improved quickly once routines were established. An event could be queued up with all the information except for the local time prior to the event. Once it occurred, the local time would be added and the event submitted At that moment, the position and UTC time were automatically updated. This was fine as long as the event was entered promptly. If it was added later, the UTC time and event number were off and had to be manually edited. Position data for late entries were also updated to the moment of submission and will need to be corrected post-cruise as this information was not readily available. The echosounder interfered with the other science acoustics and was therefore only turned on briefly prior to CTD casts. It was thought that a script unsuccessfully looking for seafloor depth resulted in a significant delay for 'new' and 'duplicate' events. When the script was edited so that depth wasn't included, it did not seem to speed things up. It took about 10 seconds for a new or duplicate page to appear. This was found to be uncomfortably long and should be examined further by the R2R team.&lt;/p&gt;

from Cruise: NH1208 &lt;p&gt;Event log captured using the R2R Elog software and server on board the ship.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>from Cruise: OC473 &lt;p&gt;During and post-cruise, the event log was examined and corrected as necessary. One person was in charge of checking the log to make corrections in locked fields (event number, UTC time, etc) and to check for consistency such as:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- corrected bad lat/lon data by matching time to alongtrack positions.&lt;br /&gt;
- made sure end events following start events&lt;br /&gt;
- corrected transect numbers&lt;br /&gt;
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from Cruise: NH1208 &lt;p&gt;Dates and positions were checked to ensure accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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