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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Matrai, P. A., Orellana, M. V. (2012) Biology and chemistry in Arctic surface microlayer and subsurface waters from R/V Oden cruise ASCOS2008 from the High Arctic Ocean in 2008 (87degs N, 1-6degs E) (Marine Microgels project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 04 January 2012) Version Date 2012-01-04 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3593 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Biology and chemistry in Arctic surface microlayer and subsurface waters Dataset Description: &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Biology and chemistry in Arctic surface microlayer and subsurface waters: DMSP, amino acids, chlorophyll-a, carbon, nitrogen, sugars, proteins, concentrations of phytoplankton and bacteria.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Related files and references:&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Matrai, P. A., Tranvik, L., Leck, C. &amp;amp;amp; Knulst, J. Are high Arctic microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? Mar. Chem. 108, 109-122 (2008).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Orellana M.V., P.A. Matrai, C. Leck, C.D. Rauschenberg, Allison M. Lee and E. Coz. Marine microgels as cloud condensation nuclei in the high Arctic. PNAS&amp;amp;nbsp; 108 (33) 13612-13617; published ahead of print August 8, 2011, doi:10.1073/pnas.1102457108 (2011).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Gao, Q., C. Leck, C. Rauschenberg, and P. Matrai. On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, ASCOS Special Issue, subm. (2012).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sampling and Analytical Methodology:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were obtained during the drift phase (13 August- 1 September 2008) of the international ASCOS field campaign to the high Arctic Ocean. Surface microlayer samples were obtained with battery-operated catamaran-type vessels fitted with a rotating drum covered with a thin sheet of sodium-in-liquid-ammonia-edged (hydrophilic) Teflon film (Matrai et al. 2008). The depth of the SML sampled ranged from 2 to 41 μm. We performed SSWW sampling with acid-cleaned bottles rinsed in distilled deionised water (18 M?) at &amp;amp;lt; 30 cm below the surface microlayer.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
DMS and DMSP were measured with cryotrapping and gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The dissolved fraction was obtained by gravity filtration and low volume sampling, through a Whatman GF/F filter that retained the particulate fraction (Matrai and Keller 1993).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Chlorophylls were determined according to Holm-Hansen et al. (1965).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Bulk carbohydrates (d-MCHO, d-PCHO) were quantified with the TPTZ protocol (Hung et al. 2001, 2003).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Total organic carbon samples were collected in acid-cleaned containers and stored frozen, until analysis by high temperature combustion (Knap et al. 1996), calibrated with DOC Certified Reference standards.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were quantified in material collected on Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters stored frozen until laboratory analysis (Knap et al. 1996).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Individual amino acids were determined on 0.2 µm-filtered samples, with acid hydrolysis and separation achieved by using reverse phase HPLC with precolumn OPA derivitization (Mopper &amp;amp;amp; Dawson 1986, Keil and Kirchman 1991).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Proteins were determined in the particulate phase, after filtration with a Whatman GF/F glass filber filter (Dortch et al. 1984, Clayton et al. 1988).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were enumerated with flow cytometry (Sieracki et al. 1999), after fixation with 0.5% paraformaldehyde, flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storage at -80oC.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Clayton J J, Dortch Q, Thoresen S, Ahmed S (1988) Evaluation of methods for the separation and analysis of proteins and free amino acids in phytoplankton samples. J Plankton Res 10: 341-358. [proteins]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Dortch Q, Clayton J R J, Thoresen S S, Ahmed S I (1984) Species differences in accumulation of nitrogen pools in phytoplankton. Mar Biol 81: 237-250. [proteins]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Holm-Hansen O, CJ Lorenzen, RW Holmes and JDH. Strickland. 1965. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll.&amp;amp;nbsp; Journal du Conseil.&amp;amp;nbsp; Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 30&amp;amp;nbsp;: 3-15.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Hung C-C et al. (2003) Distributions of carbohydrate species in the Gulf ofMexico. Mar Chem 81: 119-135. [polysacharides]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Hung C-C, Tang D, Warnken K, Santschi P H (2001) Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay. Mar Chem 73: 305- 318. [mono, polysacharides]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Keil R, Kirchman D (1991) Dissolved combined aminoacids in marine waters as determined by a vapor-phase hydrolysis method. Mar Chem 33: 243-259. [aminoacids]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Knap A et al. (1996) Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. [POC, PON, TOC, TN]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Matrai P A, Keller M D (1993) Dimethylsulfide in a large-scale coccolithophore bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Cont Shelf Res 13: 831-843. [DMS, DMSP]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Matrai, P. A., Tranvik, L., Leck, C. &amp;amp;amp; Knulst, J. Are high Arctic microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? Mar. Chem. 108, 109-122 (2008). [microlayer sampling]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Mopper K, Dawson R (1986) Determination of amino acids in seawater - Recent chromatographic developments and future directions. Sci Total Environ 49: 115-131. [amino acids]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Sieracki, M., T. Cucci, and&amp;amp;nbsp; J. Nicinskihttp://aem.asm.org/content/65/6/2409.abstract - aff-1 (1999). &amp;quot;Flow cytometric analysis of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride activity of marine bacterioplankton in dilution cultures.&amp;quot; Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2409-2417. [phytoplankton and bacterial counts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/54695.rdf" xlink:title="ARC-0707555" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Arctic Sciences (NSF ARC) Award Number: ARC-0707555 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0707555</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/54723.rdf" xlink:title="ARC-0707513" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Arctic Sciences (NSF ARC) Award Number: ARC-0707513 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0707513</gmx:Anchor>
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26559.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26560.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26561.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26562.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26564.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26565.rdf
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/26566.rdf
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&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Samples were obtained during the drift phase (13 August- 1 September 2008) of the international ASCOS field campaign to the high Arctic Ocean. Surface microlayer samples were obtained with battery-operated catamaran-type vessels fitted with a rotating drum covered with a thin sheet of sodium-in-liquid-ammonia-edged (hydrophilic) Teflon film (Matrai et al. 2008). The depth of the SML sampled ranged from 2 to 41 μm. We performed SSWW sampling with acid-cleaned bottles rinsed in distilled deionised water (18 M?) at &amp;amp;lt; 30 cm below the surface microlayer.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen were quantified in material collected on Whatman GF/F glass fiber filters stored frozen until laboratory analysis (Knap et al. 1996).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Individual amino acids were determined on 0.2 µm-filtered samples, with acid hydrolysis and separation achieved by using reverse phase HPLC with precolumn OPA derivitization (Mopper &amp;amp;amp; Dawson 1986, Keil and Kirchman 1991).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Proteins were determined in the particulate phase, after filtration with a Whatman GF/F glass filber filter (Dortch et al. 1984, Clayton et al. 1988).&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were enumerated with flow cytometry (Sieracki et al. 1999), after fixation with 0.5% paraformaldehyde, flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storage at -80oC.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;Clayton J J, Dortch Q, Thoresen S, Ahmed S (1988) Evaluation of methods for the separation and analysis of proteins and free amino acids in phytoplankton samples. J Plankton Res 10: 341-358. [proteins]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Dortch Q, Clayton J R J, Thoresen S S, Ahmed S I (1984) Species differences in accumulation of nitrogen pools in phytoplankton. Mar Biol 81: 237-250. [proteins]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Holm-Hansen O, CJ Lorenzen, RW Holmes and JDH. Strickland. 1965. Fluorometric determination of chlorophyll.&amp;amp;nbsp; Journal du Conseil.&amp;amp;nbsp; Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 30&amp;amp;nbsp;: 3-15.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Hung C-C et al. (2003) Distributions of carbohydrate species in the Gulf ofMexico. Mar Chem 81: 119-135. [polysacharides]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Hung C-C, Tang D, Warnken K, Santschi P H (2001) Distributions of carbohydrates, including uronic acids, in estuarine waters of Galveston Bay. Mar Chem 73: 305- 318. [mono, polysacharides]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Keil R, Kirchman D (1991) Dissolved combined aminoacids in marine waters as determined by a vapor-phase hydrolysis method. Mar Chem 33: 243-259. [aminoacids]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Knap A et al. (1996) Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements. [POC, PON, TOC, TN]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Matrai P A, Keller M D (1993) Dimethylsulfide in a large-scale coccolithophore bloom in the Gulf of Maine. Cont Shelf Res 13: 831-843. [DMS, DMSP]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Matrai, P. A., Tranvik, L., Leck, C. &amp;amp;amp; Knulst, J. Are high Arctic microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors? Mar. Chem. 108, 109-122 (2008). [microlayer sampling]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Mopper K, Dawson R (1986) Determination of amino acids in seawater - Recent chromatographic developments and future directions. Sci Total Environ 49: 115-131. [amino acids]&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Sieracki, M., T. Cucci, and&amp;amp;nbsp; J. Nicinskihttp://aem.asm.org/content/65/6/2409.abstract - aff-1 (1999). &amp;quot;Flow cytometric analysis of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride activity of marine bacterioplankton in dilution cultures.&amp;quot; Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2409-2417. [phytoplankton and bacterial counts]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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