Table of Contents

• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

Physical data from the LIS0507 cruise recorded by CTD and ADCP. Note that temperature, salinity, and oxygen concentration values are from CTD casts (averaged for depth of water) and not from the niskin bottles used to collect samples for DNA analysis. There is a lag in time and some drift of reaserch vessel between the two, since the niskin bottles were not on the CTD itself.

Related files and references:
Doherty, M, M Tamura, BA Costas, ME Ritchie, GB McManus, and LA Katz. 2010. Ciliate Diversity and Distribution Across an Environmental and Depth Gradient in Long Island Sound, USA. Environmental Microbiology 12:886-898. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02133.x (PDF)

Physical data were collected during a 6-station sampling cruise in Long Island Sound on 01 June 2007. Samples were collected at an increasing distance from the shore, over increasing depths. Some lat, lon, and time values were estimated from the ship's log.

Physical data were processed with the SeaSoft program from SeaBird.

BCO-DMO made the following modifications to the dataset: format of parameter names was changed to conform to BCO-DMO conventions; blanks were replaced with 'nd;, lat and lon values were converted from degrees/decimal minutes to decimal degrees; missing time_gmt value for sample 264 was added; lon value of sample 267 was changed from 072 49.583 to 072 19.583 (presumed to be a typographical error).

The microbial ecologist Tom Fenchel recently said, “The decoupling of molecular and classical (including experimental) approaches to environmental microbiology has not been fruitful and it represents one of the most important challenges for the field in the coming years.” (Fenchel 2005). Classical approaches center on the centuries-old tradition of describing individual species via meticulous observation and analysis to generate monographs, such as is done for plants and animals. Unfortunately, the rush to new molecular techniques has sometimes ignored this tradition, with claims about new lineages never seen before and reports of staggering diversity of microbial eukaryotes based on environmental DNA samples not backed up by even the most elementary microscopic observations.

In the face of this disconnect between the traditional and the molecular, we propose a marriage of the two approaches in the study of marine ciliate diversity and gene flow. Our own data show that in some clades of planktonic ciliates (Strombidiidae) there is indeed a high level of molecular diversity underlying a relatively small number of morphospecies. In other clades (some choreotrichs), the opposite appears to be true, with morphological heterogeneity underlain by apparently clonal lines, based on molecular data. Currently, we do not understand what sustains diversity in some clades; nor do we know why other clades show low diversity. But this problem is amenable to both experimental and observational approaches.

This proposal uses a two-pronged approach, combining molecular (clone libraries, DGGE,FISH) and traditional (light microscopy) techniques to address three broad questions:
i. What are the most important physical and biological factors that affect distribution and diversity of planktonic marine ciliates?
ii. What is the effective population size for marine ciliate populations, and how does this compare to census population sizes?
iii. How well do traditional morphological descriptions of ciliate species fare when compared with molecular characterizations?

Using a combination of molecular and microscopy methods, we will address these questions in coastal planktonic ciliates. Analyses of the resulting data will yield insights into the nature of ciliate species and patterns of gene flow within the North Atlantic.