http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3654
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2012-05-14
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Time series observations: hydrography, nutrients, and microbial, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities from the Skidaway River Estuary on the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia from 1986-2011 (SRiMP project)
2012-10-31
publication
2012-10-31
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2012-10-31
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3654
Marc E. Frischer
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Frischer, M. E. (2012) Time series observations: hydrography, nutrients, and microbial, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities from the Skidaway River Estuary on the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia from 1986-2011 (SRiMP project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 31 October 2012) Version Date 2012-10-31 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3654 [access date]
The Skidaway River Monitoring Program (SRiMP) Dataset Description: <p>The Skidaway River Monitoring Program (SRiMP) was initiated in 1986 and includes time series observations of hydrography, nutrients, auto- and heterotrophic microbial communities, phytoplankton, micro- and mesozooplankton, representative gelatinous zooplankton, and dissolved oxygen in a weekly to monthly resolution.</p>
<p><b>References:</b><br />
Clesceri, L.S., A.E. Greenberg, A.D. Eaton. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. Washington, DC. APHA, AWWA, WEF. <br />
<br />
Gilbert, P.M., and T.C. Loder. 1977. Automated Analysis of nutrients in Seawater: a manual of techniques. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Technical Report WHOI-77-47.<br />
<br />
Hansen, H.P., Determination of Oxygen. 1999. p. 75-89. In: K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, and M. Ehrhardt (eds.). Methods of Seawater Analysis, 3rd edition, Wiley, Weinheim, New York.1999<br />
<br />
Nejstgaard, J.C., M.E. Frischer, P.G. Verity, J.T. Anderson, A. Jacobsen, M.J. Zirbel, A. Larsen, J. Mart&iacute;nez-Mart&iacute;nez, A.F. Sazhin, T. Walters, D.A. Bronk, S.J. Whipple, S.R. Borett, B.C. Patten, J.D. Long. 2006. Plankton development and trophic transfer in seawater enclosures &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;with nutrients and Phaeocystis pouchetii added. Marine Ecololy Progress Series 321:99-121.<br />
<br />
Parsons, T.R.Y. Maita,&nbsp; and C.M. Lalli. 1984. Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis, 3rd edition. Pergammon Press, New York.<br />
<br />
Porter, K.G. and Y.S. Feig. 1980. The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 943-948.<br />
<br />
Shopov, A., S.C. Williams, and P.G. Verity 2000. Image analysis to discriminate and enumerate bacteria and viruses in aquatic samples. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 22: 103-110.<br />
<br />
Solarzano, L., and J.H. Sharp 1980. Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography 25: 751-754.<br />
<br />
Uterm&ouml;hl, H. 1958. Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik: Aus der Hydrobiologischen Anstalt der Max-Planck Gesellschft, Pl&ouml;n in Holstein. Mitteilungen der Internationalen Vereinigung f&uuml;r Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 9: 1-38.<br />
<br />
Valderrama, J.C. 1981. The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 10: 109-122.<br />
<br />
Verity, P.G., J.A. Yoder, S.S. Bishop, J.R. Nelson, D.B. Craven, J.O. Blanton, C.Y. Robertson, and C.R. Tronzo. 1993. Composition, productivity, and nutrient chemistry of a coastal ocean planktonic food web. Continental Shelf Research 13: 741-776.<br />
<br />
Verity, P.G. 2002a. A decade of change in the Skidaway River estuary. I. Hydrography and nutrients. Estuaries 25: 944-960.<br />
<br />
Verity, P.G. 2002b. A decade of change in the Skidaway River estuary. II. Particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a. Estuaries 25: 961-975.<br />
<br />
Verity, P.G., M.L. Alber, and S. B. Bricker. 2006. Development of hypoxia in well-mixed estuaries in the southeastern USA. Estuaries and Coasts 29: 665-673.<br />
<br />
Verity, P.G., and D.G. Borkman. 2010. A Decade of Change in the Skidaway River Estuary. III.Plankton. Estuaries and Coasts 33: 513-540.<br />
<br />
Williams, S.C., Y. Hong, D.C.A. Danaval, M.H. Howard-Jones, MH, D. Gibson,&nbsp; M.E. Frischer, and P.G. Verity. 1998. Distinguishing between living and nonliving bacteria: Evaluation of the vital stain propidium iodide and its combined use with molecular probes in aquatic samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods 32: 225-236.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Meteorological data are being continuously recorded by the SKiO weather station (http://weather.skio.usg.edu) which is located ~250 meters from the SRiMP sampling site. Actual meteorological data that include temperature, dew point, heat index, wind chill factor, relative humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall since midnight, wind direction, wind speed, peak wind gust, solar radiation, highest and lowest temperature since midnight, sunrise, sunset are utilized from the SKIO weather station using the SKIO Metric Mobile Weather application (weather.skio.usg.edu/metric/mini.html). In addition, historic meteorological data from an underground weather web page (http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KGASAVAN23) is included for a broader dataset.<br />
<br />
Tidal stage (high, low and mid tide) and time determination has been extrapolated to local tide predictions by adding + 38 minutes to the data for the Tybee Lighthouse, Savannah River Entrance (station ID 8670892; 32.0333&deg; N; 80.9017&deg; W), which is located about 10 km from the SRiMP site. Corresponding heights of tidal stage are now recorded from Isle of Hope, Skidaway River (31.9833&deg; N; 81.0500&deg; W), located ca. 1.5 km from the SRiMP sampling site (http://tides.mobilegeographics.com/locations/2824.html).<br />
<br />
Surface water temperature was measured weekly using a standard mercury thermometer (+- 0.1 &deg; C) as was surface salinity which used an AGE model 2100 salinometer from 1986 to 1996. From February 2004 until July 2011, water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a YSI Model 556 multi-probe system. From September 2011 until present, a multi-probe MANTA-2 (EUREKA Environmental Engineering, Austin, TX, USA) has been included to measure depths profiles of temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, turbidity, in situ chlorophyll fluorescence and DO. The oxygen probe measurements are regularly (at least monthly) compared&nbsp; and calibrated (if necessary) against the high-precision Winkler titrations using a&nbsp; (Parsons et al., 1984; Hansen, 1999) and a Brinkmann Metrohm titrator. Also, monthly manual measurement of water surface temperature (standard mercury thermometer precision +- 0.1 &deg;C), surface salinity (American Optical Refractometer; +- 0.2 psu or ppt), pH, and electrical conductivity (Hi 2550 pH/ORP &amp; EC/TDS Meter, HANNA instruments, Smithfield, RI, USA) are standard protocol. Since early 2011, we have included weekly Secchi depth measurements in the SRiMP program.<br />
<br />
From 1986 to 2011 the surface waters adjacent to the main dock of the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography were sampled using an acid cleaned bucket or a Niskin bottle at connective slack high and low waters on the same day. From 2011, water sampling of the Skidaway River Estuary is been performed at high tide in 1m depth using a Niskin bottle. Ctenophores are sampled at mid-tide the same day (method see below).<br />
<br />
Sample water for the analyses of inorganic nutrients (PO4, Si(OH)4, NH4, NO3, NO2) is filtered through acid washed and pre-rinsed GFF filters using acid cleaned plastic syringes, and either analyzed fresh or stored at -20 &deg;C in acid cleaned PE-bottles. Nutrient analyses were performed on automated procedures using a Technicon Auto Analyzer II; 0.1 &micro;M precision (Gilbert and Loder 1977, Verity et al. 1993) while TDN was determined using persulfite digestion. DON was calculated as the difference between TDN and summed inorganic nitrogen (Solarzano and Sharp 1980, Valderrama 1981).<br />
From 2011, dissolved nutrient concentrations [NO2/NO3, NH4, DON, PO4, Si(OH)4] are determined by contract with the nutrient analysis laboratory overseen by Dr. S. Joyce at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Continuing from mid 2011 to present, water samples for DIC and delta 13/12 C isotope ratios of 0.02 nylon filtered water samples is analyzed inhouse using a Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) in the lab of Dr. Jay Brandes (Skidaway Island Scientific Stable Isotope Laboratory, SISSIL). TDN and DOC concentrations of 0.2 &micro;m filtered water samples are processed at SkIO by the lab of Dr. Aron Stubbins using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer with a Total Nitrogen Measuring Unit (TOC-V and TNM-I, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, ML, USA).<br />
<br />
Samples to determine the organic particulate fractions of carbon and nitrogen, i.e. POC and PON are filtered at low vacuum pressure (10 cm Hg) onto pre-combusted (450 &deg;C for 4 h) 25 mm GF/F filters (Whatman). These filters are transferred to pre-combusted foil sheets and stored frozen at - 20 &deg;C until analysis. In the past, filter samples were freeze-dried and combusted using a Fisons NA1500 NCS Series 2 CHNS analyzer and 2.5-Bis (5tert-butyl-2-benzo-oxazol-2-yl) thiophene (BBOT) standards (Verity 2002). Presently, POC and PON amounts and delta 13/12 C and 15/14 N isotope ratios are measured in house using a FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer (Thermo Scientific) purchased in 2009.<br />
<br />
Total viral abundance is determined by direct epifluorescence microscopic counting and quasi-automated image analysis (Shopov et a. 2000) using custom Skipper software (http://www.skipperimaging.com). Water samples are pre-filtered through 0.2 &micro;m PC and then filtered onto 0.02 &micro;m Anodisc filter and stained with SYBR Gold (Nobel and Fuhrman 1998).<br />
<br />
Total bacteria abundance is determined by direct epifluorescence microscopic counting after staining with the DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI following standard procedures (Porter and Feig 1980; Williams et al. 1998). Counting is facilitated by Bacteria data represent DAPI stained cells enumerated using epifluorescence microscopy, semiquasi-automated image analysis (Shopov et al. 2000) and custom Skipper software (http://www.skipperimaging.com) (Verity et al. 2006).<br />
<br />
Total and fecal coliform bacteria concentration is determined using standard total coliform (method 9221B) and fecal coliform (method 9221E) procedures (Clesceri et al. 1998). Enterococci concentrations are determined using EPA method 1600.<br />
<br />
Total and size fractionated (less and greater than 8 &micro;m) phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentrations are determined fluorometrically in house (lab of Dr. Jim Nelson) following the acetone extraction method as described by Parsons et al. (1984). From 2011, 0.2 &micro;m and 8 &micro;m PC filters are used for total and &gt; 8&micro;m fractions of chl-a analyses, respectively, following the acetone extraction overnight method as described for cellulose acetate filters in Nejstgaard et al. (2006) and compared to the chl-a in situ fluorescence readings of the MANTA-2 multiprobe.<br />
<br />
Abundance and biomass of nanoplankton taxonomic groups are determined using true-color epifluorescence image analyzed microscopy. Water samples are fixed with glutaraldehyde and stained with proflavine-DAPI (Verity and Sieracki, 1993; Shopov et al., 2000). This protocol has been used since 1986 with the custom Skipper software (www.skio.usg.edu/?p=research/bio/veritylab/ip); (Verity&nbsp; and Borkman 2010). Since 2011, the program Image Pro-Plus (Media Cybernetics) is utilized to determine auto- and heterotrophic organisms. In addition, a detailed assessment of the microplanktonic community composition (including ciliates) is mapped four times per year using classical microscopic sedimentation techniques (Uterm&ouml;hl 1958) after Lugol's fixation. Currently, emphasis is focused on flagellates vs. diatoms as indicators of environmental quality, with attention to potential harmful algal groups.<br />
<br />
Since 2012, a variety of flow cytometric instruments are utilized to quantify picoplankton and larger microplankton including diatoms and dinoflagellates in our SRiMP program. Picoplankton analysis is performed by Dr. Liz Mann using a FacsCalibur (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in house. Additionally, we employ a state of the art CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer equipped with an imaging system and wide (1.5 mm) flow-cell uniquely capable of rapid analysis of live cells including large and chain-forming species (up to 4 mm long) such as diatoms and dinoflagellates (CytoBouy b.v., Woerden, the Netherlands, http://www.cytobuoy.com) performed in house by Dr. Jens Nejstgaard.<br />
<br />
During the first decade, dominant copepods (Acartia spp.) were collected at the same sample site in approximately 6 week intervals by net tows (153 &micro;m nylon mesh net, diameter 30 cm, length 150 cm). The net was towed for 15 minutes during maximum flood tide and again during ebb tide. Volume filtered for each tow was calculated from a flowmeter (General Oceanics) mounted in the mouth of the net. The content of the cod end was preserved in 3 % buffered formalin and stored at room temperature until counting under a dissecting microscope. Since 2011, net tows (65 &micro;m mesh size, diameter 30 cm, length 100 cm) are collected at the same sample site in weekly intervals to determine copepods + eggs (mainly Acartia tonsa) abundances. The net is towed from 5 m to the surface during maximum flood tide. The sample is preserved in 3 % formalin and stored in the refrigerator (4 &deg;C) until counting under a dissecting microscope.<br />
<br />
Ctenophores (Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe sp.) are quantified weekly to monthly. Samples are collected using a&nbsp; 0.5 m zooplankton net (153 &mu;m) fitted with a TSK flowmeter for ctenophores and jellies, and hauled obliquely from near-bottom to the surface for 5 minutes repeated trips through the water column. Ctenophore/jelly samples are sorted live in the lab immediately. Depending on taxa, various morphometric and volumetric measurements are recorded. Morphometric measurements are facilitated using a zoom stereoscope, e.g. trunk length, lobe or bell diameter, body width.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0545312 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0545312
onGoing
Marc E. Frischer
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
(912) 598-2308
10 Ocean Science Circle
Savannah
GA
31411
USA
marc.frischer@skio.usg.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 31 October 2012
Unknown
Year
Sample_ID
Date
Time
Tide
Tide_Height
Day_of_the_week
Time_AmPm
Day_Number
Location
Lat
Lon
Collection_Type
Comments
Weather
Air_Temp
Dew_Point
Heat_Index
Wind_Chill
Rel_Humidity
Bar_Pressure
Rainfall
Wind_Direction
Wind_Speed
Peak_Wind_Gust
Solar_Radiation
High_Temp
Low_Temp
Sunrise
Sunset
Irradiance
Sampling_Depth
Secchi_Depth
Turbidity_MANTA_2
Rainfall_Actual
Precipitation_week
Ogeechee_River_Discharge
pH_lab_115
pH_MANTA_2
Salinity
Salinity_MANTA_2
Specific_Conductance
Specific_Conductance_MANTA_2
Water_Temperature
Water_Temperature_MANTA_2
DO_YSI_556__MANTA_2
DO_percent_sat_YSI_556__MANTA_2
DO_YSI_for_Winklers
DO_Winkler
DON
TDN
TDN_StdDev
NO3
NO3_StdDev
NO2
NO2_StdDev
NOx
NH4
NH4_StdDev
T_DIN
Si_OH_4
Si_StdDev
PO4
PO4_StdDev
DIC
DIC_StdDev
delta_13C_DIC
StdDev_13C_DIC
Deut_Hydro
Oxygen_18O
DOC
POC
delta_13C_POC
PON
delta_15N_PON
DIN_PO4
DIN_Si
TDN_PO4
TDN_Si
Chla_total_MANTA_2
Chla_total_GFF
Chla_total_GFF_StdDev
Chla_total_PC
Chla_total_PC_StdDev
Phaeo_total
Phaeo_StdDev
Phaeo_PC_total
Phaeo_PC_StdDev
Chla_gt8
Chla_lt8
Chla_gt8_PC
Chla_gt8_PC_StdDev
Phaeo_gt8_PC
Phaeo_gt8_PC_StdDev
Chla_lt8_PC
Chla_lt8_PC_StdDev
Phaeo_lt8_PC
Phaeo_lt8_PC_StdDev
Chla_gt8_to_total
Chla_lt8_to_total
C_N_mass
C_N_molar
C_Chla
N_Chla
Viruses
Viruses_StDev
Bacteria
Bacteria_DAPI_Autocount
Bacteria_DAPI_Autocount_SD
Pnano
Hnano
Hdino
Cyano
Diatoms
Ciliates
Acartia_tonsa
Pn_plus_Hn
Hnano_Bac
Cil_Pnano
Acartia_Ciliates
Acartia_to_Total_Chla
Cil_to__Pn_plus_Hn
Cil_Bac
Cil__Pn_plus_Hn_plus_Bac
Acartia_to_Chla_gt8
Pnana_to_Chla_lt8
Chlagt8_Chlatotal__Chlalt8_chlatotal_xChlatotal
Appendicularians
Appendicularians_StdDev
Appendicularia_trunk_length
Appendicularia_trunk_length_StdDev
Appendicularian_trunk_and_tail_length
Appendicularian_trunk_and_tail_length_StdDev
Total_Mnemiopsis
Total_Mnemiopsis_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_0_to_1cm
Mnemiopsis_0_to_1cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_1point1_to_2cm
Mnemiopsis_1point1_to_2cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_2point1_to_3cm
Mnemiopsis_2point1_to_3cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_3point1_to_4cm
Mnemiopsis_3point1_to_4cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_4point1_to_5cm
Mnemiopsis_4point1_to_5cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_5point1_to_6cm
Mnemiopsis_5point1_to_6cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_6point1_to_7cm
Mnemiopsis_6point1_to_7cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_7point1_to_8cm
Mnemiopsis_7point1_to_8cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_8point1_to_9cm
Mnemiopsis_8point1_to_9cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_9point1_to_10cm
Mnemiopsis_9point1_to_10cm_StdDev
Mnemiopsis_10point1_to_11cm
Mnemiopsis_10point1_to_11cm_StdDev
Total_Beroe
Total_Beroe_StdDev
Beroe_0_to_1cm
Beroe_0_to_1cm_StdDev
Beroe_1point1_to_2cm
Beroe_1point1_to_2cm_StdDev
Beroe_2point1_to_3cm
Beroe_2point1_to_3cm_StdDev
Beroe_3point1_to_4cm
Beroe_3point1_to_4cm_StdDev
Beroe_4point1_to_5cm
Beroe_4point1_to_5cm_StdDev
Beroe_5point1_to_6cm
Beroe_5point1_to_6cm_StdDev
Beroe_6point1_to_7cm
Beroe_6point1_to_7cm_StdDev
Beroe_7point1_to_8cm
Beroe_7point1_to_8cm_StdDev
Beroe_8point1_to_9cm
Beroe_8point1_to_9cm_StdDev
Beroe_9point1_to_10cm
Beroe_9point1_to_10cm_StdDev
Beroe_10point1_to_11cm
Beroe_10point1_to_11cm_StdDev
SKiO Weather Station
BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer
bucket
Thermo Scientific FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer
CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer
TSK flowmeter
General Oceanics Flow Meter
Thermo Scientific Mass Spectrometer
Hi 2550 pH/ORP & EC/TDS Meter
Niskin bottle
Technicon Auto Analyzer II
Phytoplankton Net
American Optical Refractometer
AGE Model 2100 Salinometer
Secchi Disc
Shimadzu TNM-I Total Nitrogen Analyzer
Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer
Multi-Probe MANTA-2
Standard Mercury Thermometer
Winkler Oxygen Titrator
YSI Model 556 multi-probe system
theme
None, User defined
year
No BCO-DMO term
date
time of day
latitude
longitude
wind_speed
irradiance
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen
Nitrate
Nitrite
Ammonium
reactive phosphorus (PO4)
dissolved inorganic Carbon
dissolved organic Carbon
particulate organic Carbon (POC)
particulate organic nitrogen
Cyanobacteria
ciliate abundance
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Automated Weather Station
BD FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer
bucket
CHN Elemental Analyzer
CytoSense flow cytometer
Flow Meter
Flow Meter
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Multi Parameter Bench Meter
Niskin bottle
Nutrient Autoanalyzer
Phytoplankton Net
Refractometer
Salinometer
Secchi Disc
Total Nitrogen Analyzer
Total Organic Carbon Analyzer
Water Quality Multiprobe
Water Temperature Sensor
Winkler Oxygen Titrator
YSI Professional Plus Multi-Parameter Probe
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
Skidaway_River_Estuary
service
Deployment Activity
Skidaway River Estuary is a well mixed, warm, tidal influenced estuary located at the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia, USA, 31 59 N; 81 01 W
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Skidaway River Monitoring Program
http://www.skio.usg.edu/?p=research/bio/srimp/index
Skidaway River Monitoring Program
<p>In estuaries of the South Atlantic Bight, one of the longest and most extensive datasets of plankton and bacteria biomass and composition is from the Skidaway River and the associated Wassaw Sound estuarine system in Georgia. Wassaw Sound is a tidally dominated, bar-built estuary surrounded by extensive stands of salt marsh. Although pristine compared to industrially impacted waterways such as the Savannah River and Charleston Harbor, residential development and population density around the Wassaw Sound system have been increasing rapidly.</p>
<p>Since 1986 the Skidaway River Monitoring Program (SRiMP) has maintained a time series observation dataset of hydrography, nutrients, phytoplankton, heterotrophic microbial communities, mesozooplankton, representative gelatinous nekton, and dissolved oxygen. Samples have been collected approximately weekly from the main dock at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography. The start of the program was coincident with the rapid development of Skidaway Island, Georiga USA that has transformed a marsh and maritime forest covered ancient barrier island to an island dominated by a residential luxury golf course community. Population growth in the 1980's was as high as 25% annually, but has since declined to <3% annually as island development has neared completion. Evidence from the SRiMP study support the hypothesis of causative linkages between human population growth, nutrient loading, and ecosystem alteration.</p>
<!--3--><p>
The long-term goal of this project is to understand how warm, well-mixed, subtropical estuaries vary their plankton community structure, function, and net ecosystem metabolism in response to increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading and natural environmental forcing. The approach is to continue a unique, long-term (19 years), temporally intensive (sampling twice per week) record in the Skidaway River estuary (Georgia, USA) of hydrography, nutrients, plankton and microbial communities, dissolved oxygen, and important living and non-living components of particulate matter. The record to date documents changes caused by cultural eutrophication throughout the food web from bacteria to copepods; independently collected evidence shows major declines in commercial catches of fin- and shellfish. Commonly accepted conceptual models and limited local evidence support the notion that gelatinous predators may benefit from the enhanced microbial food web and from decreased competition from vertebrates and invertebrates. These data will be used to evaluate estuarine biological and chemical responses to, and potential recovery from, the by-products of increasing human occupation of the coast, as well as chronic (long-term warming, rising sea level, extended drought or wet periods) and stochastic (tropical storms) patterns in natural phenomena. Questions to be addressed fall into two basic categories: (a) how do plankton communities (individual taxa and bulk properties) respond in structure and function to early stages of eutrophication that include changes in concentrations and ratios of all major inorganic and organic nutrients, and (b) are such changes consonant with accepted ecological theory for estuarine ecosystems?</p>
<p>The working hypothesis is that changes in nutrient loading have altered the competitive balance among phytoplankton, bacteria, and associated microbial communities, thus impacting higher trophic levels. A major corollary is that changes in food web structure at the lower levels are driving a long-term shift from oxic towards hypoxic conditions, i.e. from autotrophy to net heterotrophy. These lower oxygen concentrations may facilitate the development of gelatinous predators communities to fill the void caused by declines in fin- and shellfish. This study aims to provide sound scientific data on historic and contemporary patterns in plankton community structure, ecosystem function, and relationships to environmental variables, including trends in dissolved oxygen, as well as the quantitative basis to evaluate basic ecological hypotheses regarding estuarine ecosystems.</p>
<p>Skidaway Institute for Oceanography - Sampling Locations - Main Dock, Fuel Dock, MECA Dock and the MECA Boat.</p>
<p>Most of the sampling is, and has been done, at the Main Dock: 31°59'23.96"N, 81°01' 21.09"W</p>
<p>Some sampling has been performed at the:<br />
Fuel Dock: 31°59'25.19"N, 81°01' 17.40"W<br />
MECA Dock: 31°59'21.48"N, 81°01' 26.62"<br />
MECA Boat: 31°59'27.66"N, 81°01' 31.93"W to 31°59'30.68"N, 81°01'13.05"</p>
<p><a href="http://bcodata.whoi.edu/SRiMP/SRiMP_sampling_locations.jpg" target="_blank">Image of Sampling Locations</a></p>
<p><strong>Funded as NSF-OCE Award #0545312: Patterns of Ecosystem Function and Trophic Status in Well-mixed Subtropical Estuaries Undergoing Anthropogenic Modification</strong></p>
SRiMP
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Skidaway River Estuary is a well mixed, warm, tidal influenced estuary located at the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia, USA, 31 59 N; 81 01 W
2012-10-31
Skidaway River Estuary, Savannah, Georgia USA
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Time series observations: hydrography, nutrients, and microbial, phytoplankton and zooplankton communities from the Skidaway River Estuary on the southeastern Atlantic coast of Georgia from 1986-2011 (SRiMP project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27608.rdf
Name: Year
Units: YYYY
Description: <p>year of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27609.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: text
Description: <p>Sample ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27610.rdf
Name: Date
Units: YYYYMMDD
Description: <p>date of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27611.rdf
Name: Time
Units: HHMMSS
Description: <p>Time as HHMMSS</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27612.rdf
Name: Tide
Units: text
Description: <p>Tidal Stage:<br /><br />
HT = hight tide<br /><br />
MT = mid tide<br /><br />
LT = low tide</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27613.rdf
Name: Tide_Height
Units: mm
Description: <p>Predicted sea level at high and low tide </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27614.rdf
Name: Day_of_the_week
Units: text
Description: <p>Day of the week</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27615.rdf
Name: Time_AmPm
Units: HH:MM:SS AM or PM
Description: <p>Time as HH:MM:SS AM or PM</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27616.rdf
Name: Day_Number
Units: integer
Description: <p>Day number (day 0 = 8/26/1986)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27617.rdf
Name: Location
Units: text
Description: <p>Sampling location: main dock fuel dock MECA dock MECA Boat</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27618.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Sample Station Latitude (South is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27619.rdf
Name: Lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Sample Station Longitude (West is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27620.rdf
Name: Collection_Type
Units: text
Description: <p>Collection type: Water sample appendicularians ctenophores</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27621.rdf
Name: Comments
Units: text
Description: <p>Comments</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27622.rdf
Name: Weather
Units: text
Description: <p>Weather description</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27623.rdf
Name: Air_Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Air Temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27624.rdf
Name: Dew_Point
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Dew Point</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27625.rdf
Name: Heat_Index
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Heat Index</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27626.rdf
Name: Wind_Chill
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Wind Chill Factor</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27627.rdf
Name: Rel_Humidity
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Relative Humidity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27628.rdf
Name: Bar_Pressure
Units: kPa
Description: <p>Barometric Pressure</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27629.rdf
Name: Rainfall
Units: mm
Description: <p>Rainfall since Midnight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27630.rdf
Name: Wind_Direction
Units: text
Description: <p>Wind Direction (N W S E)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27631.rdf
Name: Wind_Speed
Units: km/h
Description: <p>Wind Speed</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27632.rdf
Name: Peak_Wind_Gust
Units: km/h
Description: <p>Peak Wind Gust</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27633.rdf
Name: Solar_Radiation
Units: W/m2
Description: <p>Solar Radiation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27634.rdf
Name: High_Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Highest Temperature since Midnight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27635.rdf
Name: Low_Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Highest Temperature since Midnight</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27636.rdf
Name: Sunrise
Units: HH:MM:SS AM or PM
Description: <p>Sunrise</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27637.rdf
Name: Sunset
Units: HH:MM:SS AM or PM
Description: <p>Sunset</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27638.rdf
Name: Irradiance
Units: perentage Io
Description: <p>Irradiance at 1m depth in percent of incident irradiance Io</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27639.rdf
Name: Sampling_Depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Sampling Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27640.rdf
Name: Secchi_Depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Secchi depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27641.rdf
Name: Turbidity_MANTA_2
Units: NTU
Description: <p>Turbidity MANTA-2 (EUREKA Environmental)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27642.rdf
Name: Rainfall_Actual
Units: inches
Description: <p>actual rainfall </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27643.rdf
Name: Precipitation_week
Units: mm/week
Description: <p>Precipitation per previous week</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27644.rdf
Name: Ogeechee_River_Discharge
Units: m3/s
Description: <p>Ogeechee River Discharge</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27645.rdf
Name: pH_lab_115
Units: number
Description: <p>pH laboratory 115</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27646.rdf
Name: pH_MANTA_2
Units: number
Description: <p>pH MANTA-2 (EUREKA Environmental)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27647.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: ppt
Description: <p>Salinity using a refractometer</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27648.rdf
Name: Salinity_MANTA_2
Units: ppt
Description: <p>Salinity measured with MANTA-2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27649.rdf
Name: Specific_Conductance
Units: mS/cm
Description: <p>Specific Conductance </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27650.rdf
Name: Specific_Conductance_MANTA_2
Units: mS/cm
Description: <p>Specific Conductance MANTA-2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27651.rdf
Name: Water_Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Water Temperature measured with a mercury thermometer</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27652.rdf
Name: Water_Temperature_MANTA_2
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>Water Temperature measured with MANTA-2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27653.rdf
Name: DO_YSI_556__MANTA_2
Units: mg/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Oxygen concentration (YSI-556 or MANTA-2)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27654.rdf
Name: DO_percent_sat_YSI_556__MANTA_2
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Saturated Dissolved Oxygen (YSI-556 or MANTA-2) in percent</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27655.rdf
Name: DO_YSI_for_Winklers
Units: mg/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Oxygen concentration using YSI-556 for intercalibration with Winklers</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27656.rdf
Name: DO_Winkler
Units: mg/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Oxygen using Winkler Method</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27657.rdf
Name: DON
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27658.rdf
Name: TDN
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27659.rdf
Name: TDN_StdDev
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Nitrogen Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27660.rdf
Name: NO3
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Nitrate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27661.rdf
Name: NO3_StdDev
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Nitrate Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27662.rdf
Name: NO2
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Nitrite</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27663.rdf
Name: NO2_StdDev
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Nitrite Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27664.rdf
Name: NOx
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Nitrate +Nitrite</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27665.rdf
Name: NH4
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Ammonium</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27666.rdf
Name: NH4_StdDev
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Ammonium Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27667.rdf
Name: T_DIN
Units: umol N/l
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (NOx + NH4)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27668.rdf
Name: Si_OH_4
Units: umol Si/l
Description: <p>Silicate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27669.rdf
Name: Si_StdDev
Units: umol Si/l
Description: <p>Silicate Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27670.rdf
Name: PO4
Units: umol P/l
Description: <p>Phosphate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27671.rdf
Name: PO4_StdDev
Units: umol P/l
Description: <p>Phosphate Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27672.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: mmol C/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Inorganic Carbon</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27673.rdf
Name: DIC_StdDev
Units: mmol C/l
Description: <p>Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27674.rdf
Name: delta_13C_DIC
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Delta Carbon-13 Isotope of DIC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27675.rdf
Name: StdDev_13C_DIC
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Delta Carbon-13 Isotope of DIC Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27676.rdf
Name: Deut_Hydro
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Deuterium to Hydrogen ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27677.rdf
Name: Oxygen_18O
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Delta Oxygen-18 isotope</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27678.rdf
Name: DOC
Units: umol C /l
Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Carbon</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27679.rdf
Name: POC
Units: ug /l
Description: <p>Particulate Organic Carbon</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27680.rdf
Name: delta_13C_POC
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Delta Carbon-13 Isotope of POC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27681.rdf
Name: PON
Units: ug /l
Description: <p>Particulate Organic Nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27682.rdf
Name: delta_15N_PON
Units: percentage
Description: <p>Delta Nitrogen-15 Isotope of PON</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27683.rdf
Name: DIN_PO4
Units: mol/mol
Description: <p>Dissolved inorganic Nitrogen to Phosphate mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27684.rdf
Name: DIN_Si
Units: mol/mol
Description: <p>Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen to Si(OH)4 mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27685.rdf
Name: TDN_PO4
Units: mol/mol
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Nitrogen to Phosphate mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27686.rdf
Name: TDN_Si
Units: mol/mol
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Nitrogen to Si(OH)4 mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27687.rdf
Name: Chla_total_MANTA_2
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Total Chlorophyll-a concentration using MANTA-2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27688.rdf
Name: Chla_total_GFF
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Total Chlorophyll-a filtered on GFF</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27689.rdf
Name: Chla_total_GFF_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Toyal Chlorophyll-a filtered on GFF Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27690.rdf
Name: Chla_total_PC
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Total Chlorophyll-a filtered on Polycarbonate filters 0.2 um</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27691.rdf
Name: Chla_total_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Total Chlorophyll-a filtered on PC 0.2 um Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27692.rdf
Name: Phaeo_total
Units: µg/l
Description: <p>Total Phaeophytin filtered on GFF</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27693.rdf
Name: Phaeo_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Total Phaeophytin filtered on GFF Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27694.rdf
Name: Phaeo_PC_total
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin total filtered on PC 0.2 um</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27695.rdf
Name: Phaeo_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin total filtered on PC 0.2 um Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27696.rdf
Name: Chla_gt8
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um GFF (calculated)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27697.rdf
Name: Chla_lt8
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a less than 8 um GFF (measured)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27698.rdf
Name: Chla_gt8_PC
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um PC (measured)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27699.rdf
Name: Chla_gt8_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um PC (measured) Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27700.rdf
Name: Phaeo_gt8_PC
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin greater than 8 um PC (measured)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27701.rdf
Name: Phaeo_gt8_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin greater than 8 um PC (measured) Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27702.rdf
Name: Chla_lt8_PC
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a less than 8 um PC (calculated)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27703.rdf
Name: Chla_lt8_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Chlorphyll-a less than 8 um PC (calculated) Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27704.rdf
Name: Phaeo_lt8_PC
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin less than 8 um PC (calculated)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27705.rdf
Name: Phaeo_lt8_PC_StdDev
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Phaeophytin less than 8 um PC (calculated) Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27706.rdf
Name: Chla_gt8_to_total
Units: ug/ug
Description: <p>Ratio of Chlorphyll-a less than 8 um to total Chl-a</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27707.rdf
Name: Chla_lt8_to_total
Units: ug/ug
Description: <p>Ratio of Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um to total Chl-a</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27708.rdf
Name: C_N_mass
Units: ug/ug
Description: <p>POCC to PON mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27709.rdf
Name: C_N_molar
Units: mol/mol
Description: <p>POC to PON molar mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27710.rdf
Name: C_Chla
Units: ug/ug
Description: <p>Carbon to Chlorophyll-a mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27711.rdf
Name: N_Chla
Units: ug|ug
Description: <p>Nitrogen to Chlorophyll-a mass ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27712.rdf
Name: Viruses
Units: viruses/ml
Description: <p>Viruses abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27713.rdf
Name: Viruses_StDev
Units: viruses/ml
Description: <p>Viruses abundance standard deviaton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27714.rdf
Name: Bacteria
Units: 10^6 cells/ml
Description: <p>Bacteria abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27715.rdf
Name: Bacteria_DAPI_Autocount
Units: 10^6 cells/ml
Description: <p>Bacteria abundance using DAPI Autocount</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27716.rdf
Name: Bacteria_DAPI_Autocount_SD
Units: 10^6 cells/ml
Description: <p>Bacteria DAPI Autocount Std Dev</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27717.rdf
Name: Pnano
Units: 10^3 cells/ml
Description: <p>Photosynthetic Nanoplankton abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27718.rdf
Name: Hnano
Units: 10^3 cells/ml
Description: <p>Heterotrophic Nanoplankton abundance </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27719.rdf
Name: Hdino
Units: cells/ml
Description: <p>Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27720.rdf
Name: Cyano
Units: cells/ml
Description: <p>Cyanobacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27721.rdf
Name: Diatoms
Units: cells/ml
Description: <p>Diatom abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27722.rdf
Name: Ciliates
Units: cells/ml
Description: <p>Ciliate abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27723.rdf
Name: Acartia_tonsa
Units: individuals/l
Description: <p>Acartia tonsa abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27724.rdf
Name: Pn_plus_Hn
Units: 10^3 cells/ml
Description: <p>Phototrophic plus Heterotrophic Nanoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27725.rdf
Name: Hnano_Bac
Units: 10^3 cells/10^6 cells
Description: <p>Ratio of Heterotrophic Nanoplankton to Bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27726.rdf
Name: Cil_Pnano
Units: cells/10^3 cells
Description: <p>Ratio to Ciliate to Photosynthetic Nanoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27727.rdf
Name: Acartia_Ciliates
Units: individuals/inividuals x10^3
Description: <p> Ratio of Acartia to Ciliate (x10^-3) abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27728.rdf
Name: Acartia_to_Total_Chla
Units: inividuals/ug
Description: <p> Ratio of Acartia to Total Chloriphyll-a</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27729.rdf
Name: Cil_to__Pn_plus_Hn
Units: cells/10^3 cells
Description: <p>Ratio of Ciliates to Phototrophic plus Heterotrophic Nanoplankton</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27730.rdf
Name: Cil_Bac
Units: cells/10^6 cells
Description: <p>Ratio of Ciliates to Bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27731.rdf
Name: Cil__Pn_plus_Hn_plus_Bac
Units: Cells/10^3 10^6 cells
Description: <p>Ratio of ciliates to Phototrophic plus Heterotrophic Nanoplankton plus Bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27732.rdf
Name: Acartia_to_Chla_gt8
Units: inividuals/ug
Description: <p> Ratio of Acartia to Chloriphyll-a greater than 8 um</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27733.rdf
Name: Pnana_to_Chla_lt8
Units: cellsx10^3/ug
Description: <p>Ratio of Phtottrophic Nanoflagellates to Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27734.rdf
Name: Chlagt8_Chlatotal__Chlalt8_chlatotal_xChlatotal
Units: ug/l
Description: <p>Ratio of Chlorphyll-a greater than 8 um to total Chl-a divided by ratio of Chlorphyll-a less than 8 um to total Chl-a multiplied by total Chl-a</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27735.rdf
Name: Appendicularians
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Appendicularian abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27736.rdf
Name: Appendicularians_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Appendicularian abundance Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27737.rdf
Name: Appendicularia_trunk_length
Units: mm
Description: <p>Appendicularia trunk length</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27738.rdf
Name: Appendicularia_trunk_length_StdDev
Units: mm
Description: <p>Appendicularia trunk length Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27739.rdf
Name: Appendicularian_trunk_and_tail_length
Units: mm
Description: <p>Appendicularian trunk and tail length</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27740.rdf
Name: Appendicularian_trunk_and_tail_length_StdDev
Units: mm
Description: <p>Appendicularian trunk and tail length Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27741.rdf
Name: Total_Mnemiopsis
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Total Mnemiopsis abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27742.rdf
Name: Total_Mnemiopsis_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Total Mnemiopsis abundance Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27743.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_0_to_1cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 0 to 1 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27744.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_0_to_1cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 0 to 1 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27745.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_1point1_to_2cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 1.1 to 2 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27746.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_1point1_to_2cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 1.1 to 2 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27747.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_2point1_to_3cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 2.1 to 3 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27748.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_2point1_to_3cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 2.1 to 3 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27749.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_3point1_to_4cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 3.1 to 4 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27750.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_3point1_to_4cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 3.1 to 4 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27751.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_4point1_to_5cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 4.1 to 5 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27752.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_4point1_to_5cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 4.1 to 5 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27753.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_5point1_to_6cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 5.1 to 6 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27754.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_5point1_to_6cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 5.1 to 6 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27755.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_6point1_to_7cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 6.1 to 7 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27756.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_6point1_to_7cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 6.1 to 7 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27757.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_7point1_to_8cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 7.1 to 8 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27758.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_7point1_to_8cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 7.1 to 8 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27759.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_8point1_to_9cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 8.1 to 9 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27760.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_8point1_to_9cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 8.1 to 9 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27761.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_9point1_to_10cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 9.1 to 10 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27762.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_9point1_to_10cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 9.1 to 10 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27763.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_10point1_to_11cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 10.1 to 11 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27764.rdf
Name: Mnemiopsis_10point1_to_11cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Mnemiopsis 10.1 to 11 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27765.rdf
Name: Total_Beroe
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Total Beroe abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27766.rdf
Name: Total_Beroe_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Total Beroe abundance Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27767.rdf
Name: Beroe_0_to_1cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 0 to 1 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27768.rdf
Name: Beroe_0_to_1cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 0 to 1 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27769.rdf
Name: Beroe_1point1_to_2cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 1.1 to 2 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27770.rdf
Name: Beroe_1point1_to_2cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 1.1 to 2 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27771.rdf
Name: Beroe_2point1_to_3cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 2.1 to 3 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27772.rdf
Name: Beroe_2point1_to_3cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 2.1 to 3 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27773.rdf
Name: Beroe_3point1_to_4cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 3.1 to 4 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27774.rdf
Name: Beroe_3point1_to_4cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 3.1 to 4 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27775.rdf
Name: Beroe_4point1_to_5cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 4.1 to 5 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27776.rdf
Name: Beroe_4point1_to_5cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 4.1 to 5 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27777.rdf
Name: Beroe_5point1_to_6cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 5.1 to 6 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27778.rdf
Name: Beroe_5point1_to_6cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 5.1 to 6 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27779.rdf
Name: Beroe_6point1_to_7cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 6.1 to 7 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27780.rdf
Name: Beroe_6point1_to_7cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 6.1 to 7 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27781.rdf
Name: Beroe_7point1_to_8cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 7.1 to 8 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27782.rdf
Name: Beroe_7point1_to_8cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 7.1 to 8 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27783.rdf
Name: Beroe_8point1_to_9cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 8.1 to 9 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27784.rdf
Name: Beroe_8point1_to_9cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 8.1 to 9 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27785.rdf
Name: Beroe_9point1_to_10cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 9.1 to 10 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27786.rdf
Name: Beroe_9point1_to_10cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 9.1 to 10 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27787.rdf
Name: Beroe_10point1_to_11cm
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 10.1 to 11 cm long</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/27788.rdf
Name: Beroe_10point1_to_11cm_StdDev
Units: individuals/m3
Description: <p>Beroe 10.1 to 11 cm long Standard Deviation</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3654/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Meteorological data are being continuously recorded by the SKiO weather station (http://weather.skio.usg.edu) which is located ~250 meters from the SRiMP sampling site. Actual meteorological data that include temperature, dew point, heat index, wind chill factor, relative humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall since midnight, wind direction, wind speed, peak wind gust, solar radiation, highest and lowest temperature since midnight, sunrise, sunset are utilized from the SKIO weather station using the SKIO Metric Mobile Weather application (weather.skio.usg.edu/metric/mini.html). In addition, historic meteorological data from an underground weather web page (http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KGASAVAN23) is included for a broader dataset.<br />
<br />
Tidal stage (high, low and mid tide) and time determination has been extrapolated to local tide predictions by adding + 38 minutes to the data for the Tybee Lighthouse, Savannah River Entrance (station ID 8670892; 32.0333&deg; N; 80.9017&deg; W), which is located about 10 km from the SRiMP site. Corresponding heights of tidal stage are now recorded from Isle of Hope, Skidaway River (31.9833&deg; N; 81.0500&deg; W), located ca. 1.5 km from the SRiMP sampling site (http://tides.mobilegeographics.com/locations/2824.html).<br />
<br />
Surface water temperature was measured weekly using a standard mercury thermometer (+- 0.1 &deg; C) as was surface salinity which used an AGE model 2100 salinometer from 1986 to 1996. From February 2004 until July 2011, water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a YSI Model 556 multi-probe system. From September 2011 until present, a multi-probe MANTA-2 (EUREKA Environmental Engineering, Austin, TX, USA) has been included to measure depths profiles of temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, turbidity, in situ chlorophyll fluorescence and DO. The oxygen probe measurements are regularly (at least monthly) compared&nbsp; and calibrated (if necessary) against the high-precision Winkler titrations using a&nbsp; (Parsons et al., 1984; Hansen, 1999) and a Brinkmann Metrohm titrator. Also, monthly manual measurement of water surface temperature (standard mercury thermometer precision +- 0.1 &deg;C), surface salinity (American Optical Refractometer; +- 0.2 psu or ppt), pH, and electrical conductivity (Hi 2550 pH/ORP &amp; EC/TDS Meter, HANNA instruments, Smithfield, RI, USA) are standard protocol. Since early 2011, we have included weekly Secchi depth measurements in the SRiMP program.<br />
<br />
From 1986 to 2011 the surface waters adjacent to the main dock of the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography were sampled using an acid cleaned bucket or a Niskin bottle at connective slack high and low waters on the same day. From 2011, water sampling of the Skidaway River Estuary is been performed at high tide in 1m depth using a Niskin bottle. Ctenophores are sampled at mid-tide the same day (method see below).<br />
<br />
Sample water for the analyses of inorganic nutrients (PO4, Si(OH)4, NH4, NO3, NO2) is filtered through acid washed and pre-rinsed GFF filters using acid cleaned plastic syringes, and either analyzed fresh or stored at -20 &deg;C in acid cleaned PE-bottles. Nutrient analyses were performed on automated procedures using a Technicon Auto Analyzer II; 0.1 &micro;M precision (Gilbert and Loder 1977, Verity et al. 1993) while TDN was determined using persulfite digestion. DON was calculated as the difference between TDN and summed inorganic nitrogen (Solarzano and Sharp 1980, Valderrama 1981).<br />
From 2011, dissolved nutrient concentrations [NO2/NO3, NH4, DON, PO4, Si(OH)4] are determined by contract with the nutrient analysis laboratory overseen by Dr. S. Joyce at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Continuing from mid 2011 to present, water samples for DIC and delta 13/12 C isotope ratios of 0.02 nylon filtered water samples is analyzed inhouse using a Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) in the lab of Dr. Jay Brandes (Skidaway Island Scientific Stable Isotope Laboratory, SISSIL). TDN and DOC concentrations of 0.2 &micro;m filtered water samples are processed at SkIO by the lab of Dr. Aron Stubbins using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer with a Total Nitrogen Measuring Unit (TOC-V and TNM-I, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, ML, USA).<br />
<br />
Samples to determine the organic particulate fractions of carbon and nitrogen, i.e. POC and PON are filtered at low vacuum pressure (10 cm Hg) onto pre-combusted (450 &deg;C for 4 h) 25 mm GF/F filters (Whatman). These filters are transferred to pre-combusted foil sheets and stored frozen at - 20 &deg;C until analysis. In the past, filter samples were freeze-dried and combusted using a Fisons NA1500 NCS Series 2 CHNS analyzer and 2.5-Bis (5tert-butyl-2-benzo-oxazol-2-yl) thiophene (BBOT) standards (Verity 2002). Presently, POC and PON amounts and delta 13/12 C and 15/14 N isotope ratios are measured in house using a FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer (Thermo Scientific) purchased in 2009.<br />
<br />
Total viral abundance is determined by direct epifluorescence microscopic counting and quasi-automated image analysis (Shopov et a. 2000) using custom Skipper software (http://www.skipperimaging.com). Water samples are pre-filtered through 0.2 &micro;m PC and then filtered onto 0.02 &micro;m Anodisc filter and stained with SYBR Gold (Nobel and Fuhrman 1998).<br />
<br />
Total bacteria abundance is determined by direct epifluorescence microscopic counting after staining with the DNA-specific fluorochrome DAPI following standard procedures (Porter and Feig 1980; Williams et al. 1998). Counting is facilitated by Bacteria data represent DAPI stained cells enumerated using epifluorescence microscopy, semiquasi-automated image analysis (Shopov et al. 2000) and custom Skipper software (http://www.skipperimaging.com) (Verity et al. 2006).<br />
<br />
Total and fecal coliform bacteria concentration is determined using standard total coliform (method 9221B) and fecal coliform (method 9221E) procedures (Clesceri et al. 1998). Enterococci concentrations are determined using EPA method 1600.<br />
<br />
Total and size fractionated (less and greater than 8 &micro;m) phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentrations are determined fluorometrically in house (lab of Dr. Jim Nelson) following the acetone extraction method as described by Parsons et al. (1984). From 2011, 0.2 &micro;m and 8 &micro;m PC filters are used for total and &gt; 8&micro;m fractions of chl-a analyses, respectively, following the acetone extraction overnight method as described for cellulose acetate filters in Nejstgaard et al. (2006) and compared to the chl-a in situ fluorescence readings of the MANTA-2 multiprobe.<br />
<br />
Abundance and biomass of nanoplankton taxonomic groups are determined using true-color epifluorescence image analyzed microscopy. Water samples are fixed with glutaraldehyde and stained with proflavine-DAPI (Verity and Sieracki, 1993; Shopov et al., 2000). This protocol has been used since 1986 with the custom Skipper software (www.skio.usg.edu/?p=research/bio/veritylab/ip); (Verity&nbsp; and Borkman 2010). Since 2011, the program Image Pro-Plus (Media Cybernetics) is utilized to determine auto- and heterotrophic organisms. In addition, a detailed assessment of the microplanktonic community composition (including ciliates) is mapped four times per year using classical microscopic sedimentation techniques (Uterm&ouml;hl 1958) after Lugol's fixation. Currently, emphasis is focused on flagellates vs. diatoms as indicators of environmental quality, with attention to potential harmful algal groups.<br />
<br />
Since 2012, a variety of flow cytometric instruments are utilized to quantify picoplankton and larger microplankton including diatoms and dinoflagellates in our SRiMP program. Picoplankton analysis is performed by Dr. Liz Mann using a FacsCalibur (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in house. Additionally, we employ a state of the art CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer equipped with an imaging system and wide (1.5 mm) flow-cell uniquely capable of rapid analysis of live cells including large and chain-forming species (up to 4 mm long) such as diatoms and dinoflagellates (CytoBouy b.v., Woerden, the Netherlands, http://www.cytobuoy.com) performed in house by Dr. Jens Nejstgaard.<br />
<br />
During the first decade, dominant copepods (Acartia spp.) were collected at the same sample site in approximately 6 week intervals by net tows (153 &micro;m nylon mesh net, diameter 30 cm, length 150 cm). The net was towed for 15 minutes during maximum flood tide and again during ebb tide. Volume filtered for each tow was calculated from a flowmeter (General Oceanics) mounted in the mouth of the net. The content of the cod end was preserved in 3 % buffered formalin and stored at room temperature until counting under a dissecting microscope. Since 2011, net tows (65 &micro;m mesh size, diameter 30 cm, length 100 cm) are collected at the same sample site in weekly intervals to determine copepods + eggs (mainly Acartia tonsa) abundances. The net is towed from 5 m to the surface during maximum flood tide. The sample is preserved in 3 % formalin and stored in the refrigerator (4 &deg;C) until counting under a dissecting microscope.<br />
<br />
Ctenophores (Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe sp.) are quantified weekly to monthly. Samples are collected using a&nbsp; 0.5 m zooplankton net (153 &mu;m) fitted with a TSK flowmeter for ctenophores and jellies, and hauled obliquely from near-bottom to the surface for 5 minutes repeated trips through the water column. Ctenophore/jelly samples are sorted live in the lab immediately. Depending on taxa, various morphometric and volumetric measurements are recorded. Morphometric measurements are facilitated using a zoom stereoscope, e.g. trunk length, lobe or bell diameter, body width.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Aside from Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC) the SRiMP dataset has not been processed post analytical collection. Quarterly, all data entered into the SRiMP dataset is independently reviewed by a qualified technician or PI to assure that data is within expected ranges defined by historical values of a particular value. If individual data entries are out of range the data is scrutinized for obvious errors associated with the analytical process and/or data entry errors.&nbsp; If no obvious problems with the data are discovered the data is left in the dataset.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
SKiO Weather Station
SKiO Weather Station
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SKiO Weather Station PI Supplied Instrument Description:SKiO Weather Station Instrument Name: Automated Weather Station Instrument Short Name:AWS Instrument Description: Land-based AWS systems are designed to record meteorological information. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/102/
BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer
BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer
Since 2012, a variety of flow cytometric instruments are utilized to quantify picoplankton and larger microplankton including diatoms and dinoflagellates in our SRiMP program. Picoplankton analysis is performed by Dr. Liz Mann using a FacsCalibur (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in house. Additionally, we employ a state of the art CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer equipped with an imaging system and wide (1.5 mm) flow-cell uniquely capable of rapid analysis of live cells including large and chain-forming species (up to 4 mm long) such as diatoms and dinoflagellates (CytoBouy b.v., Woerden, the Netherlands, http://www.cytobuoy.com) performed in house by Dr. Jens Nejstgaard. Instrument Name: BD FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer Instrument Short Name:BD FACSCalibur Flow Cytometer Instrument Description: The FACSCalibur flow cytometer is an autonomous benchtop flow cytometer designed for routine cell analysis, assay development, verification and identification of cellular populations. It is equipped with a blue (488 nm) air-cooled argon laser and a red (635 nm) diode laser. For each particle (cell), five optical parameters can be recorded from the 488 nm laser beam excitation: two light scatter signals, namely forward and right angle, and three fluorescences corresponding to emissions in green (530/30 nm BP), orange (585/42 nm BP) and red (670 nm LP) wavelength ranges. A far red fluorescence (661/16 nm BP) induced by the red diode can also be recorded. Data are analysed using BD Biosciences CellQuest software. Optional features include a cell sorting option, allowing users to identify and isolate a population of interest and a HTS option (High-throughput (HT) or Standard (STD) mode), where sample volumes range from 2-10 microlitres in HT mode and 2-200 microlitres in STD mode. An optional BD FACS Loader tube-lifter can be used to verify tube position and rack identification. The instrument has a capture rate of 300 cells per second, supports 40 (12 x 75 mm) tubes per rack, and has an operating temperature ranging from 16-29 degC.
bucket
bucket
PI Supplied Instrument Name: bucket PI Supplied Instrument Description:From 1986 to 2011 the surface waters adjacent to the main dock of the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography were sampled using an acid cleaned bucket or a Niskin bottle Instrument Name: bucket Instrument Short Name:bucket Instrument Description: A bucket used to collect surface sea water samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0536/
Thermo Scientific FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer
Thermo Scientific FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Thermo Scientific FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer
Presently, POC and PON amounts and delta 13/12 C and 15/14 N isotope ratios are measured in house using a FLASH 2000 series CHNS/O elemental analyzer (Thermo Scientific) purchased in 2009 Instrument Name: CHN Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CHN_EA Instrument Description: A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples.
CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer
CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer
Since 2012, a variety of flow cytometric instruments are utilized to quantify picoplankton and larger microplankton including diatoms and dinoflagellates in our SRiMP program. Picoplankton analysis is performed by Dr. Liz Mann using a FacsCalibur (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) in house. Additionally, we employ a state of the art CytoSense benchtop flow cytometer equipped with an imaging system and wide (1.5 mm) flow-cell uniquely capable of rapid analysis of live cells including large and chain-forming species (up to 4 mm long) such as diatoms and dinoflagellates (CytoBouy b.v., Woerden, the Netherlands, http://www.cytobuoy.com) performed in house by Dr. Jens Nejstgaard. Instrument Name: CytoSense flow cytometer Instrument Short Name:CytoSense Instrument Description: The CytoSense is a portable, benchtop autonomous flow cytometer designed for phytoplankton species classification and analysis of filamentous algae. It can also be used in situ to reveal temporal and spatial phytoplankton variability. It can be remotely controlled, and has been specifically designed to record the optical pulse shapes of suspended particles between
TSK flowmeter
TSK flowmeter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: TSK flowmeter PI Supplied Instrument Description:TSK flowmeter
Samples are collected using a 0.5 m zooplankton net (153 μm) fitted with a TSK flowmeter for ctenophores and jellies Instrument Name: Flow Meter Instrument Short Name:Flow Meter Instrument Description: General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/388/
General Oceanics Flow Meter
General Oceanics Flow Meter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: General Oceanics Flow Meter PI Supplied Instrument Description:General Oceanics Flow Meter
Volume filtered for each tow was calculated from a flowmeter (General Oceanics) mounted in the mouth of the net Instrument Name: Flow Meter Instrument Short Name:Flow Meter Instrument Description: General term for a sensor that quantifies the rate at which fluids (e.g. water or air) pass through sensor packages, instruments, or sampling devices. A flow meter may be mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/388/
Thermo Scientific Mass Spectrometer
Thermo Scientific Mass Spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Mass Spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Continuing from mid 2011 to present, water samples for DIC and delta 13/12 C isotope ratios of 0.02 nylon filtered water samples is analyzed inhouse using a Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) in the lab of Dr. Jay Brandes (Skidaway Island Scientific Stable Isotope Laboratory, SISSIL) Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
Hi 2550 pH/ORP & EC/TDS Meter
Hi 2550 pH/ORP & EC/TDS Meter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Hi 2550 pH/ORP & EC/TDS Meter PI Supplied Instrument Description:Hi 2550 pH/ORP & EC/TDS Meter Instrument Name: Multi Parameter Bench Meter Instrument Short Name:Multi Parameter Bench Meter Instrument Description: An analytical instrument that can measure multiple parameters, such as pH, EC, TDS, DO and Temperature with one device.
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:From 1986 to 2011 the surface waters adjacent to the main dock of the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography were sampled using an acid cleaned bucket or a Niskin bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Technicon Auto Analyzer II
Technicon Auto Analyzer II
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Technicon Auto Analyzer II PI Supplied Instrument Description:Technicon Auto Analyzer II
Nutrient analyses were performed on automated procedures using a Technicon Auto Analyzer II; 0.1 µM precision Instrument Name: Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Short Name:Nutrient Autoanalyzer Instrument Description: Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. In general, a Nutrient Autoanalyzer is an automated flow-thru system for doing nutrient analysis (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) on seawater samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/
Phytoplankton Net
Phytoplankton Net
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Phytoplankton Net PI Supplied Instrument Description:During the first decade, dominant copepods (Acartia spp.) were collected at the same sample site in approximately 6 week intervals by net tows (153 µm nylon mesh net, diameter 30 cm, length 150 cm
Samples are collected using a 0.5 m zooplankton net (153 μm) fitted with a TSK flowmeter for ctenophores and jellies Instrument Name: Phytoplankton Net Instrument Short Name:Phytoplankton Net Instrument Description: A Phytoplankton Net is a generic term for a sampling net having mesh size of 150 microns or less that is used to collect phytoplankton. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/22/
American Optical Refractometer
American Optical Refractometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: American Optical Refractometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:American Optical Refractometer; +- 0.2 psu or ppt Instrument Name: Refractometer Instrument Short Name:Refractometer Instrument Description: A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction (refractometry). The index of refraction is calculated from Snell's law and can be calculated from the composition of the material using the Gladstone-Dale relation.
In optics the refractive index (or index of refraction) n of a substance (optical medium) is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium.
AGE Model 2100 Salinometer
AGE Model 2100 Salinometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: AGE Model 2100 Salinometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Surface salinity was measured with an AGE model 2100 salinometer from 1986 to 1996 Instrument Name: Salinometer Instrument Short Name:Salinometer Instrument Description: A salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt content, of a solution.
Secchi Disc
Secchi Disc
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Secchi Disc PI Supplied Instrument Description:Since early 2011, weekly Secchi depth measurements were included in the SRiMP program Instrument Name: Secchi Disc Instrument Short Name:Secchi Disc Instrument Description: Typically, a 16 inch diameter white/black quadrant disc used to measure water optical clarity Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0430/
Shimadzu TNM-I Total Nitrogen Analyzer
Shimadzu TNM-I Total Nitrogen Analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TNM-I Total Nitrogen Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:TDN and DOC concentrations of 0.2 µm filtered water samples are processed at SkIO by the lab of Dr. Aron Stubbins using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer with a Total Nitrogen Measuring Unit (TOC-V and TNM-I, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, ML, USA) Instrument Name: Total Nitrogen Analyzer Instrument Short Name:TN analyzer Instrument Description: A unit that accurately determines the nitrogen concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (NO). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/totalnit.pdf Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/
Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer
Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:TDN and DOC concentrations of 0.2 µm filtered water samples are processed at SkIO by the lab of Dr. Aron Stubbins using a Total Organic Carbon Analyzer with a Total Nitrogen Measuring Unit (TOC-V and TNM-I, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Columbia, ML, USA) Instrument Name: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Instrument Short Name:TOC analyzer Instrument Description: A unit that accurately determines the carbon concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (CO2). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/bs116.pdf Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/
Multi-Probe MANTA-2
Multi-Probe MANTA-2
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Multi-Probe MANTA-2 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Multi-Probe MANTA-2
From September 2011 until present, a multi-probe MANTA-2 (EUREKA Environmental Engineering, Austin, TX, USA) has been included to measure depths profiles of temperature, salinity, pH, conductivity, turbidity, in situ chlorophyll fluorescence and DO. Instrument Name: Water Quality Multiprobe Instrument Short Name:Water Quality Multiprobe Instrument Description: An instrument which measures multiple water quality parameters based on the sensor configuration.
Standard Mercury Thermometer
Standard Mercury Thermometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Standard Mercury Thermometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:1986 to 1996
Surface water temperature was measured weekly using a standard mercury thermometer (+- 0.1 ° C) Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
Winkler Oxygen Titrator
Winkler Oxygen Titrator
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Winkler Oxygen Titrator PI Supplied Instrument Description:The oxygen probe measurements are regularly (at least monthly) compared and calibrated (if necessary) against the high-precision Winkler titrations using a (Parsons et al., 1984; Hansen, 1999) and a Brinkmann Metrohm titrator Instrument Name: Winkler Oxygen Titrator Instrument Short Name:Winkler Titrator Instrument Description: A Winkler Oxygen Titration system is used for determining concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12/
YSI Model 556 multi-probe system
YSI Model 556 multi-probe system
PI Supplied Instrument Name: YSI Model 556 multi-probe system PI Supplied Instrument Description:From February 2004 until July 2011, water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a YSI Model 556 multi-probe system
YSI Model 556 multi-probe system Instrument Name: YSI Professional Plus Multi-Parameter Probe Instrument Short Name:YSI ProPlus Instrument Description: The YSI Professional Plus handheld multiparameter meter provides for the measurement of a variety of combinations for dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, salinity, resistivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, ORP, pH/ORP combination, ammonium (ammonia), nitrate, chloride and temperature. More information from the manufacturer.
Deployment: Skidaway_River_Estuary
Skidaway_River_Estuary
Skidaway Institute for Oceanography Main Dock
dock
Skidaway_River_Estuary
Marc E. Frischer
Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
Skidaway Institute for Oceanography Main Dock
dock