1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T885,

Seals were captured and tagged in April or May of 2007 and 2008 following the methods of Jeffries et al. (1993) at three sites: Padilla Bay, Bird/Belle Rocks, and Protection Island. In 2009, seals were captured on Protection Island. In 2007-2008, animals were tagged with time-depth recorders (TDR; Wildlife Computers, model Mk-9 or Mk-10F) and satellite tags. The TDR tags were placed on the dorsal midline of the animals and the satellite tags were placed on top the head. In 2009, animals were tagged with a combined satellite-linked TDR and Fastloc GPS receiver (Wildlife Computers, model Mk10AF). These instruments were epoxied to the animals on the dorsal midline so that satellite tags would be exposed to the air when the back of the seal reached the surface.

Position transmissions were received via the ARGOS satellite network. Tags transmitted locations daily. TDR sensors were programmed to sample every 10 seconds. TDR tags were equipped with a VHF transmitter to allow for the device to be recovered when it was shed during the animal's annual molt.

The Argos system provides 2 position estimates (lat/lon and lat2/lon2). Argos usually picks the correct lat/lon pair (of the two it generates), but occasionally it does not. When working with these data, one of the first steps is to check the lat/lon pairs to see if swapping out the lat/lon pair for the lat2/lon2 pair improves the data and is more biologically reasonable.

The Argos positioning system uses the following system for classifying location quality. These codes are used in the loc_q_flag column. Standard locations are those with > 4 uplinks from the tag; auxiliary locations are those with 4 or less uplinks from the tag.

loc_q_flag codes (according to Ward et al.):
Standard locations:
3 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy < 150 m
2 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy 150 - 350 m
1 = 68th percentile predicted accuracy < 1,000 m

Auxiliary locations:
0 = 4 uplinks, with > 1,000 m predicted accuracy
A = 3 uplinks, with no predicted accuracy
B = 2 uplinks, with no predicted accuracy

1d:T13d5,From NSF proposal: This project is a collaborative study of the responses of harbor seals and other mammalian predators to changes in prey density in Puget Sound. The general study approach will involve multi-year field estimates to observe the responses of predators to rockfish density in protected areas, candidate marine reserves, and unprotected sites. The collaborating investigators will estimate 1) rockfish density using visual and mark and recapture techniques; 2) predator abundance using aerials surveys and dedicated land observations; and 3) predator food consumption using scat to describe diet, tagging of harbor seals to describe individual foraging sites, and population-based and individual bioenergetics models to describe consumption of rockfish. The investigators will also take into account confounding factors that might explain predator behavior, such as environmental variables and alternative prey, by creating a GIS database from available information from the area. The different field observations and database estimates are explicitly linked through a common hypothesis and coordinated methodologies, and their results will be integrated into a model describing the impact of predation on rockfish populations. The responses of top predators to changes in prey density and their impact on fish populations of interest are unknown. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs as fish refugia, offer a framework for the management and conservation of marine resources, and provide an exciting opportunity for students to participate in ecological and conservation research. Hypotheses: 1) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show aggregative responses to changes in prey density. Hence, their abundance will increase with fish density. 2) Harbor seals and other pinniped species show Type 2 or 3 functional responses to changes in prey density. Thus, their consumption rate of a particular prey type follows an asymptotic or sigmoidal curve relative to the prey’s density, respectively. 3) Predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species is sufficiently intense that it impedes recovery of depleted fish populations. Objectives: 1) Quantify the number of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other environmental (confounding) factors. 2) Estimate the consumption rate of harbor seals and other pinniped species in relation to rockfish density and other prey species. 3) Correlatively estimate the influence of predation by harbor seals and other pinniped species on survivorship and population size of rockfish. Publications resulting from this NSF award: Bjorland, R. H., Pearson, S. F, Jeffries, S. J, Lance, M. M., Acevedo- Gutiérrez, A. & Ward, E. J. 2015. Stable isotope mixing models elucidate sex and size effects on the diet of a generalist marine predator. Marine Ecology Progress Series 526: 213-225. DOI: 10.3354/meps11230 Bromaghin, J. F., Lance, M. M., Elliott, E. W., Jeffries, S. J., Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. & Kennish, J. M. 2013. New insights into the diets of harbor seals in the Salish Sea of western North America revealed by quantitative fatty acid signature analysis. Fishery Bulletin 111: 13-26. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.2 Buzzell, B.1, Lance, M. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Spatial and temporal variation in river otter (Lontra canadensis) diet and predation on rockfish (Genus Sebastes) in the San Juan Islands, Washington. Aquatic Mammals 40: 150- 161. DOI: 10.1578/AM.40.2.2014.150 Howard, S., Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Fish consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the San Juan Islands, WA. Fishery Bulletin 111: 27-41. DOI: 10.7755/FB.111.1.3 Lance, M. M., Chang, W.-Y., Jeffries, S. J., Pearson, S. F. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Harbor seal diet in northern Puget Sound: implications for the recovery of depressed fish stocks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 464:257-271. DOI:10.3354/meps09880 Luxa, K. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2013. Food habits of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in two estuaries in the central Salish Sea. Aquatic Mammals 39: 10- 22. DOI: 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.10 Peterson, S., Lance, M. M., Jeffries, S. J. & Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Long distance movements and disjunct spatial use of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the inland waters of the Pacific Northwest. PLoS ONE 7: e39046. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039046 Thomas, AC; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Miner, BG; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2011. Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring. Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v.441. p. 225. DOI: 10.3354/meps09370 Ward, EJ; Levin, PS; Lance, MM; Jeffries, SJ; Acevedo-Gutierrez, A. 2012. Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species. Conservation Letters, v.5, p. 37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00210.x Wilson, K.2, Lance, M., Jeffries, S. & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. 2014. Fine-scale variability in harbor seal foraging behavior. PLoS ONE 9: e92838. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092838.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"3704","description":"

Coordinates of tagged seals in the San Juan Islands are reported. Seals were captured and tagged during 2007 to 2009 at several sites in Padilla Bay and the Rosario Strait of the Pacific Northwest coast. Seals were tagged with satellite-linked time-depth recorders (TDR's) and GPS receivers.

Data are in the PRV format, which means that there are time and location duplicates because all uplinks to the satellite are included.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1c","processing":"

BCO-DMO made the following edits to the dataset:
\n - blanks were replaced with 'nd' to indicate 'no data';
\n - parameter names were modified to conform to BCO-DMO conventions;
\n - day, month, and year were separated from the original date column.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Locations of satellite-tagged harbor seals in the San Juan Islands, WA from 2007-2009","nickname":"seal_location_tracking","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2012-11-28T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Coordinates of tagged seals in the San Juan Islands are reported. Seals were captured and tagged during 2007 to 2009 at several sites in Padilla Bay and the Rosario Strait of the Pacific Northwest coast. Seals were tagged with satellite-linked time-depth recorders (TDR's) and GPS receivers.","citation":"Acevedo-Gutierrez, A., Bromaghin, J., Jeffries, S., Kennish, J., Lance, M., Levin, P. (2012) Locations of satellite-tagged harbor seals in the San Juan Islands, WA from 2007-2009. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2012-11-28 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3704.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3704.1","versionDate":"2012-11-28","versionId":"1","year":"2012","title":"Locations of satellite-tagged harbor seals in the San Juan Islands, WA from 2007-2009","authors":"Acevedo-Gutierrez, A., Bromaghin, J., Jeffries, S., Kennish, J., Lance, M., Levin, P.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3704.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2007-10-24T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2009-08-03T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1193198400","label":"2007-10-24"},"end":{"value":"1249272000","label":"2009-08-03"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"multipolygon","center":{"latitude":18.7075,"longitude":-143.594},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-180.198 8.818, -106.99 8.818, -106.99 28.597, -180.198 28.597, -180.198 8.818))","north":28.597,"east":-106.99,"south":8.818,"west":179.802},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"899625","title":"seal_location_tracking.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/file/ZZZgKjru5Ax7WE/seal_location_tracking.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/data/view/899625","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 3704","filename":"seal_location_tracking.csv","bytesize":4808746,"checksum":{"value":"89c95c9b89d5f95b120867d2fe0c974d","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_3704","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"142","name":"Lead Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51487","name":"Alejandro Acevedo-Gutierrez"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"50","name":"Western Washington University"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51491","name":"Jeffrey F Bromaghin"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"119","name":"United States Geological Survey"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51489","name":"Steven J Jeffries"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"282","name":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51490","name":"John M Kennish"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"141","name":"University of Alaska, Anchorage"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51488","name":"Monique M Lance"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"282","name":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51492","name":"Philip S. 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In 2009, the TDR's used contained an MK10-AF Argos transmitter.","type_id":"668","type_name":"Wildlife Computers Time-Depth Tag (TDR)","type_desc":"Time depth recorders (TDR's) manufactured by Wildlife Computers, Redmond WA) are designed for studies of seals, penguins, fish, and marine mammals. Standard TDR's are mounted externally on the animal's body, where they record temperature and depth. See more information from the manufacturer.","type_acronym":"TDR"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"29292","name":"seal_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Unique seal identification.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"963","name":"sealname","description":"

seal name or identification as text

"}},{"_id":"29293","name":"pttno","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

PTT tag number.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"991","name":"tagid","description":"

Animal tag identification, e.g. flipper tag

"}},{"_id":"29294","name":"inst","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Name of the instrument (MK10 or SPOT 5; both manufactured by Wildlife Computers).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1758","name":"inst_model","description":"

Instrument Model

"}},{"_id":"29295","name":"lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Primary latitude. (See Acquisition Description.)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"29296","name":"lon","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Primary longitude. (See Acquisition Description.)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"29297","name":"lat2","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Secondary estimate of latitude provided by Argos. (See Acquisition Description.)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"29298","name":"lon2","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Secondary estimate of longitude provided by Argos. (See Acquisition Description.)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"29299","name":"month","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Month of year (01 to 12).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mm"},"type":{"_id":"1115","name":"month","description":"

Month of year; numeric 1 to 12.

"}},{"_id":"29300","name":"day","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Day of month (01 to 31).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dd"},"type":{"_id":"1113","name":"day","description":"

day of month; numeric 1 to 31

"}},{"_id":"29301","name":"year","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

4-digit year. in yyyy format

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1062","name":"year","description":"

year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995

"}},{"_id":"29302","name":"date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date, in mm/dd/yyyy format.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"29303","name":"time","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Time, 24-hour clock.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"HHMM"},"type":{"_id":"1075","name":"time","description":"

Time GMT defined as HHMM; time of day; generally reported in GMT as HHMM (hours and minutes) but may also be HH.H (decimal hours) or HHMMSS (hours; minutes and seconds); in EqPac time is reported as Hawaii local time

"}},{"_id":"29304","name":"satellite","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Identification of the Argos satellite transmitting the signal: A = METOP-A (MA); K = NOAA-15 (NK); L = NOAA-16 (NL); M = NOAA-17 (NM); N = NOAA-18 (NN); P = NOAA-N (NP). See more information.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"29305","name":"loc_q_flaq","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Location quality flag. The Argos system classifies points with decreasing precision: 3 > 2 > 1 > 0 > A > B. See Acquisition Description for code definitions.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1144","name":"q_flag","description":"

quality flag; based on a PI established code; identifies a problem/quality issue with sample(s) from a given water bottle or single observation

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"757454","citation":"Jeffries, S., Brown, R., & Harvey, J. (1993). Techniques for capturing, handling and marking harbor seals. Aquat Mamm 19: 21-25. Available from Aquatic Mammals journal. URL: https://www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=38:volume-19&catid=3&Itemid=101","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"757453","citation":"Thomas, A., Lance, M., Jeffries, S., Miner, B., & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Harbor seal foraging response to a seasonal resource pulse, spawning Pacific herring. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 441, 225–239. doi:10.3354/meps09370\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"757452","citation":"Ward, E. J., Levin, P. S., Lance, M. M., Jeffries, S. J., & Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A. (2011). Integrating diet and movement data to identify hot spots of predation risk and areas of conservation concern for endangered species. Conservation Letters, 5(1), 37–47. doi:10.1111/j.1755-263x.2011.00210.x\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"GeoJSON","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.geoJson","contentType":"application/geo+json","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3704.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3704/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"2205","name":"Responses of Seals and Sea Lions to Increased Rockfish Density","acronym":"Seal_response_to_prey","description":"$1d"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3704.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3704.1","date_assigned":"2019-03-01","version_date":"2012-11-28","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":127},"downloads":{"count":382}}},"fileId":"899625"}]