19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:Ta39,

Note: Stations 1, 3, and 5 were at a drogue. For stations 2 and 4, the ship moved about 1 kilometer away from the drogue. When station 2 was sampled, the drogue had moved east of it and sampling occurred up-current from the drogue. Tide was ebb --> slack --> flood.

--------------------
Header Information from Sea-Bird SBE19 Data File:
Software Version 1.59
Temperature SN = 504; Conductivity SN = 504

SEACAT PROFILER V2.1e SN 504 05/30/12 13:51:21.934
pressure sensor: serial no = 184805, range = 100 psia, tc = -585
clk = 32767.742 iop = 142 vmain = 11.9 vlith = 5.3
ncasts = 5 samples = 1684 free = 19973 lwait = 0 msec
sample rate = 1 scan every 0.5 seconds
minimum raw conductivity frequency for pump turn on = 0 hertz; pump delay = 30 seconds
battery cutoff = 7.2 volts; number of voltages sampled = 4

cast 0: 05/30 09:50:19 samples 0 to 388 nquan = 7 nvalues = 389
cast 1: 05/30 10:53:36 samples 389 to 774 nquan = 7 nvalues = 386
cast 2: 05/30 11:23:25 samples 775 to 1113 nquan = 7 nvalues = 339
cast 3: 05/30 11:46:51 samples 1114 to 1358 nquan = 7 nvalues = 245
cast 4: 05/30 12:12:29 samples 1359 to 1683 nquan = 7 nvalues = 325

units = specified
name 0 = sigma-t00: Density [sigma-t, Kg/m^3 ]
name 1 = depSM: Depth [salt water, m], lat = 41.00
name 2 = wetStar: Fluorescence, WET Labs WETstar [mg/m^3]
name 3 = sal00: Salinity, Practical [PSU]
name 4 = t090C: Temperature [ITS-90, deg C]
name 5 = timeS: Time, Elapsed [seconds]
name 6 = flag: 0.000e+00

interval = seconds: 0.5; bad_flag = -9.990e-29

sensor 1 = Frequency 0, Temperature; Temp. Sensor ID: 55; SerialNumber: 504;
CalibrationDate: 28-Jan-11

sensor = 2 Frequency 1, Conductivity; Cond. Sensor ID: 3; SerialNumber: 504;
CalibrationDate: 28-Jan-11

sensor = 3 A/D voltage 0, Oxygen Current, Beckman/YSI; Oxygen Sensor ID: 36; SerialNumber: 230238;
CalibrationDate: 21-Mar-2011

sensor = 4 A/D voltage 1, Oxygen Temperature, Beckman/YSI; Oxygen Sensor ID: 39; SerialNumber: 230238;
CalibrationDate: 21-Mar-2011

sensor = 5 A/D voltage 2, Fluorometer, WET Labs WETstar; FluoroWetlabWetstar Sensor ID: 21; SerialNumber: WS3S-166;
CalibrationDate: 23-Feb-2011; ScaleFactor: 15.400

sensor = 6 A/D voltage 3, Free

sensor = 7 Pressure voltage, Pressure, Strain Gauge; Pressure Sensor ID: 49; SerialNumber: 504;
CalibrationDate: 04-Feb-11

datcnv_skipover = 0
-----------

1b:Tb21,The Ocean's biomass and diversity are predominantly microbial, yet this aspect of diversity remains underexplored. Efforts in recent years have begun to document microbial diversity in marine systems, and to elucidate the processes that structure assemblages across space and time. This project focuses on two important sister clades of microbial eukaryotes, the oligotrich and choreotrich ciliates. These organisms comprise a major component of planktonic food webs as they graze on phytoplankton, and are in turn eaten by zooplankton and larval fish. Earlier molecular work on ciliate diversity relied on light microscopy, construction of clone libraries and Sanger sequencing. This revealed a high degree of cryptic diversity (similar species that are genetically distinct), which is surprising, given the long-held idea that all microbes are globally distributed and that few species exist, at least as compared to animals and plants. This past work also showed that ciliate assemblages contain a few highly abundant forms and many rare ones, consistent with the concept of a "rare biosphere". However, these methods are limited by high costs of both labor and materials, so that efforts to sample any local assemblage comprehensively usually resulted in undersaturation (repeated sampling continued to uncover new species). Next generation approaches are needed to truly assess the depths of biodiversity in planktonic ciliates. This project brings together investigators with strengths in ecology, taxonomy and oceanography (PI McManus) and in molecular evolution, systematics and bioinformatics (PI Katz). Pyrosequencing will be used to sample the oligotrich and choreotrich ciliates ’to exhaustion’ in coastal environments. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), a technique that generates a fingerprint of the diversity in a sample, will be used to pre-select samples for pyrosequencing based on where strong gradients are observed in the composition of assemblages in relation to environmental factors (density fronts, thermolclines, etc.). Using these approaches, combined with the informatics pipeline already in place, this project will address three specific objectives: Objective 1. Determine the spatial scale of variability in ciliate diversity by measuring how ciliate assemblages change over meter, kilometer, 100 km, and basin scales. Objective 2. Assess the contributions of different size classes of ciliates to overall assemblage diversity. Objective 3. Experimentally evaluate factors that control the temporal shift of individual species from rarity to commonness in a natural assemblage, and vice versa. Note: See the related collaborative project, "Patterns of diversity in planktonic ciliates: spatio-temporal scales and community assembly in the coastal ocean", funded by awards OCE-1435515 and OCE-1436003.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"3714","description":"

Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and sigma-t density measured by CTD are reported for 5 stations in Fisher's Island Sound.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

Only downcast data is included; surface equilibration has been edited out.

The WetStar Fluorometer calibrated by Seabird (Feb 2011) was NOT validated with contemporaneous filtered samples, so values reported should be considered relative. CTD data was processed with SeaBird software.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"CTD data from 5 stations collected on an R/V Lowell Weicker cruise in Fisher's Island Sound (NY/CT) in 2012","nickname":"CTD_Weicker","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2012-09-06T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and sigma-t density measured by CTD are reported for 5 stations in Fisher's Island Sound.","citation":"McManus, G., Katz, L. (2012) CTD data from 5 stations collected on an R/V Lowell Weicker cruise in Fisher's Island Sound (NY/CT) in 2012 (CiliateSequencing project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2012-09-06 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3714.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3714.1","versionDate":"2012-09-06","versionId":"1","year":"2012","title":"CTD data from 5 stations collected on an R/V Lowell Weicker cruise in Fisher's Island Sound (NY/CT) in 2012 (CiliateSequencing project)","authors":"McManus, G., Katz, L.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3714.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2012-05-30T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2012-05-30T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Instant","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":41.301450012146,"longitude":-71.968960021182},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-72.00127 41.29707, -71.93665 41.29707, -71.93665 41.30583, -72.00127 41.30583, -72.00127 41.29707))","north":41.30583,"east":-71.93665,"south":41.29707,"west":-72.00127},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"899635","title":"CTD.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/file/6YYMwZMCrVYPXR/CTD.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/data/view/899635","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 3714","filename":"CTD.csv","bytesize":36090,"checksum":{"value":"32cc6d2e193d98f34cd85dd03484a101","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_3714","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51375","name":"George McManus"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"256","name":"University of Connecticut"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51376","name":"Laura A. Katz"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"255","name":"Smith College"}},{"role":{"_id":"133","name":"Contact"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51375","name":"George McManus"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"256","name":"University of Connecticut"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"58854","name":"LW_053012","synonyms":["Weicker 30 May 2012"],"dates":{"start":"2012-05-30T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2012-05-30T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"54221","name":"R/V Lowell Weicker"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"51375","name":"George McManus","role":"Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"54721","name":"OCE-1129734","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1129734"},{"_id":"54820","name":"OCE-1130033","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1130033"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"5766","name":"CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT 19","description":"","type_id":"420","type_name":"CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT 19","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE 19 SEACAT Recorder measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth). The SEACAT is self-powered and self-contained and can be deployed in profiling or moored mode. The SBE 19 SEACAT was replaced in 2001 by the 19plus. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics","type_acronym":"CTD SBE 19"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"29415","name":"day_local","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Day of month (local time).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dd (01 to 31)"},"type":{"_id":"803","name":"day_local","description":"

day, local time

"}},{"_id":"29416","name":"month_local","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Month of year (local time).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mm (0 to 12)"},"type":{"_id":"895","name":"month_local","description":"

month of year, local time

"}},{"_id":"29417","name":"year","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

4-digit year. in YYYY format

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1062","name":"year","description":"

year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995

"}},{"_id":"29418","name":"sta","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Station ID number.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1103","name":"sta","description":"

station number; generally sequential; a unique number designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

This term has been deprecated and replaced by station.

"}},{"_id":"29419","name":"lat_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude at start of CTD cast. North = positive.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"870","name":"lat_start","description":"

latitude at start time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)

"}},{"_id":"29420","name":"lon_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude at start of CTD cast. West = negative.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"883","name":"lon_start","description":"

longitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees

"}},{"_id":"29421","name":"depth_w","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Depth of water at sampling station.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters"},"type":{"_id":"818","name":"depth_w","description":"

water depth, in meters

"}},{"_id":"29422","name":"time_start_local","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Local time at start of CTD cast; 24-hr clock.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"HHMM"},"type":{"_id":"1010","name":"time_start_local","description":"

starting time of observation, local time , 24 hour clock

"}},{"_id":"29423","name":"depth","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Depth of cast.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"29424","name":"time_elapsed","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Time elapsed from start of measurement.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"seconds"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"29425","name":"sigma_t","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sigma-t density.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"kg/m^3"},"type":{"_id":"734","name":"sigma-t","description":"

Sigma-t density, often reported in kg/m^3 - 1000. 'Sigma-t' is density minus 1000 (without the effect of pressure). It is normally calculated from observations of temperature and salinity. (See How do we measure the density of sea water?)

"}},{"_id":"29426","name":"fluor","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Chlorophyll fluorescence from WetStar Fluorometer.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mg/m^3"},"type":{"_id":"835","name":"fluorescence","description":"

Fluorescence. Indirect measure of pigment concentration.

Units and collection method may vary. Units often reported in milligrams/meter^3 (mg/m3) or micromoles per liter (ug/L). Sometimes reported after being calibrated against extracted pigment concentrations.

In JGOFS/GLOBEC projects fluorescence is measured from CTD instrument sensor.

"}},{"_id":"29427","name":"sal","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Salinity measured by CTD.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"29428","name":"temp","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Temperature, in degrees Celsius.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees C"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"30999","name":"time_diff","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

The number of hours added to local time to convert to GMT.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"hours"},"type":{"_id":"1677","name":"time_offset","description":"

the number of hours added to local time to convert to GMT; per GLOBEC, a time_diff in the Western Hemisphere is positive (opposite sign from Timezone)

"}},{"_id":"31000","name":"ISO_DateTime_Local","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date and time formatted to ISO8601 standard (local time). See time_diff for time zone info. in yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z' format

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1909","name":"ISO_DateTime_Local","description":"

Date/Time (Local) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\nYYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx]
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Note the Time Zone (TZ) as +/-HH:MM
\nTime Zone signage is for conversion from local to UTC
\nWest Coast USA in summer is +7 (add 7 hrs to local time for UTC)

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"GeoJSON","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.geoJson","contentType":"application/geo+json","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_3714.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3714/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"2164","name":"Diversity and dynamics of planktonic ciliates - what can next-generation sequencing technologies tell us?","acronym":"CiliateSequencing","description":"$1b"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3714.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3714.1","date_assigned":"2018-12-07","version_date":"2012-09-06","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":63},"downloads":{"count":324}}}}]