Animal tissues were sorted, processed and analysed according to methods in Levin & Mendoza.<\/p>\n
Levin, L. A. & Mendoza, G. (2007) \"Community structure and nutrition of deep methane seep macroinfauna from the Aleutian Margin and Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico.\"\u00a0 Mar. Ecol. 28, 131-151. (doi:10.1111\/j.1439-0485.2006.00131.x)<\/p>\n
Lisa A. Levin, Victoria J. Orphan, Greg W. Rouse, Anthony E. Rathburn, William Ussler III, Geoffrey
\nS. Cook, Shana K. Goffredi, Elena M. Perez, Anders Waren, Benjamin M. Grupe, Grayson Chadwick and
\nBruce Strickrott.(2012) \"A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems\" Proc. R. Soc. B published online 7 March 2012. doi: 10.1098\/rspb.2012.0205<\/p>\n
At Costa Rica, carbonate organic matter content was high (0.5 to 3.5%).\u00a0 Organic matter in the carbonates had d 13C signatures of -65o\/oo to -23o\/oo indicating a varied methane contribution to the C pool. Faunal isotopic signatures ranged broadly, from -101o\/oo to -10o\/oo for d13C and -12 to +18 for d 15N.\u00a0\u00a0 They revealed strong trophic resource partitioning among mollusk and polychaete species. A broad range of d 13C\u00a0 signatures reflect use of a variety of microbial food resources, often within a single rock.\u00a0 Very light d 13C signatures (mean -92o\/oo, n=18) in an abundant dorvilleid polychaete (Dorvillea sp.) in the most sulfidic carbonates provides evidence of a carbonate endolithofauna that may rely primarily on archaeal carbon. Intense grazing of rocks by lepetopsid limpets\u00a0 many with isotopic evidence for methane-derived C, apparently exerts strong top-down control on the distribution of protists and smaller invertebrates.<\/p>\n
At Hydrate Ridge, inorganic d13C values of carbonates ranged from -26o\/oo to -54o\/oo, whereas the rock organic d13C spanned a much broader range (from -19o\/oo to -71o\/oo.).\u00a0 Within a rock the two values were not correlated and there were no significant isotopic differences on average between active and inactive carbonates, although inactive values were less variable.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Natural abundance animal carbon isotope signatures ranged from -17o\/oo to -88o\/oo, with average values of animals (per rock) showing no significant difference between active and inactive sites (P-0.232). However, carbonate d13C org (P=0.002) and d15N (animal P=0.005) were isotopically lighter on rocks designated as active, relative to those designated as inactive.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#label":[{"@value":"seep isotopes","@type":"xsd:string"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasProcessingDescription":[{"@value":"
Samples were kept cold (5o C), sieved through a 0.3 mm mesh, and sorted live at sea to collect macrofauna for stable isotopic analyses. Living specimens were identified, allowed to clear guts overnight in filtered seawater, washed in milli Q water and placed in preweighed tin boats or combusted vials (500o C overnight) and frozen at 70o C. In the laboratory, specimens were oven dried (60o C), weighed and acidified with 1% PtCl2 to remove inorganic C. Stable isotope measurements (d13C, d15N) were made on single individuals, parts of individuals or several small specimens of a single species combined. Analyses were conducted on a Finnigan Conflow 2 continuous flow system and a Fisons NA 1500 elemental analyzer coupled to a Finnegan Delta S isotope ratio mass spectrometer at Boston University and on a continuous flow PDZ Europa 20\/20 isotope ratio mass spectrometer at UC Davis. Isotope ratios are expressed as d13C or d15N in units of per mil (o\/oo). Standards were Pee Dee Belemnite Belemnite and nitrogen gas (atmospheric). Estimates of the percentage of methane-derived carbon in the macrofaunal carbon pool of each region and habitat were generated using a two-source, single isotope mixing model as in Fry & Sherr (1984). The formula is:
\nFm = (di - dPOC)\/(dm - dPOC)
\nwhere di, dPOC, and dm refer to the d13C signatures of infauna, particulate organic carbon (POC), and methane, respectively. The POC value was taken to be the average d13C signature of non-seep fauna sampled by this study in each region. No trophic shift was included as this is negligible (<1o\/oo per trophic level) for d13C.<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"@value":"3761","@type":"xsd:int"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"@value":"seep isotopes"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date":[{"@value":"2012-10-25T14:28:09-04:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/created":[{"@value":"2012-10-25T14:28:09-04:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/modified":[{"@value":"2023-07-07T16:10:26-04:00","@type":"xsd:dateTime"}],"http:\/\/rdfs.org\/ns\/void#inDataset":[{"@id":"http:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/namedGraph":[{"@value":"urn:bcodmo:dataset:3761","@type":"xsd:token"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/osprey_page":[{"@id":"https:\/\/www.bco-dmo.org\/dataset\/3761"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/identifier":[{"@value":"_:Identifier3761"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/datasetTitle":[{"@value":"C14 and N15 isotopes in rocks and animals from methane seep hard substrate ecosystems from R\/V Atlantis AT15-44 in the Pacific, off Costa Rica from 2009-2009 (Seep Carbonate Ecology CROCKS II project)","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/abstract":[{"@value":"","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"@id":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/deprecated":[{"@value":"false","@type":"xsd:boolean"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/spatialCoverage":[{"@value":"_:spatialCoverage3761"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/bibliographicCitation":[{"@value":"Levin, L. 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