http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3773 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2012-11-12 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Niskin bottle water samples and associated CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2023 2025-04-22 publication 2025-04-22 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2019-07-15 publication https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3773.1 Angelicque E. White University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa principalInvestigator David M. Karl University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: White, A. E., Karl, D. M., Fujieki, L. A. (2025) Niskin bottle water samples and associated CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2023. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 3) Version Date 2025-04-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.3773.3 [access date] Niskin bottle water samples and CTD measurements at water sample depths from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;Water samples for a variety of chemical and biological measurements are routinely collected from the surface to within 10 meters&amp;nbsp;of the seafloor. To the extent possible, we collect samples for complementary biogeochemical measurements from the same or from contiguous casts to minimize aliasing caused by time-dependent changes in the density field. This approach is especially important for samples collected in the upper 350 m of the water column.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Furthermore, we attempt to sample from common depths and specific density horizons each month to facilitate comparisons between cruises. Water samples for salinity determinations are collected from every water bottle to identify sampling errors. Approximately 20% of the water samples are collected and analyzed in duplicate or triplicate to assess and track our precision in sample analyses.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sampling strategy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Timing: &lt;/strong&gt;HOT cruises are conducted at approximately monthly intervals, and approximately 72 hours is spent on station. During this period, nearly continuous measurements of water column physical characteristics are made using a CTD. One CTD cast is made to 4700 m (maximum water depth is approximately 4750 m), and then 1000 m casts are made at approximately 3-hour intervals for at least 36 hours (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/chap4.html&quot;&gt;Chapter 4&lt;/a&gt;). Chemical constituents and relevant biogeochemical cycling rates are measured from water samples at discrete depths.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: &lt;/strong&gt;Our primary sampling site is centered at 22° 45'N, 158° 00'W. This location is approximately 100 km due north of Kahuku Point, Oahu and Station ALOHA is defined as the ocean within a 6 mi radius of the center. This location is believed to be free of significant biogeochemical island mass effects; it is located 50 km (one Rossby radius) away from the topography associated with the Hawaiian Ridge, it is northeast (upwind) of the Hawaiian Archipelago, and it is above flat topography in 4750 meters of water.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-resolution profiles:&lt;/strong&gt; High-resolution profiles of relevant physical, chemical, and biological oceanic properties are collected using a Seabird CTD. The instrument is equipped with external temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and fluorescence sensors and with an internal pressure sensor. A General Oceanics 24-place pylon and deck box are used to obtain water samples from discrete depths using 12-liter Niskin bottles on a Scripps- type aluminum rosette frame&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discrete Depth measurements&lt;/strong&gt;: Sampling depths range from the surface to approximately 50 meters above the seafloor (4750 m), with most of the samples being collected in the upper 1000 meters. Approximately 20% of the samples are collected and analyzed in triplicate. To the extent possible, samples are collected from the same depths and/or density levels each month in order to facilitate comparisons between monthly profiles. During each HOT cruise, at least 20% of the samples are routinely collected in duplicate or triplicate to evaluate field precision. Salinity samples are collected from all Niskin bottles in order to identify bottle trip errors and on-deck sample temperatures (for those casts where oxygen samples are drawn) are recorded for each water bottle sampled. Both procedures are useful for the identification of sample mistrips (i.e., the collection of water from a depth other than intended). Our sampling strategy is based on resolving depth profiles of specific chemical constituents from contiguous casts. This is done in order to produce profiles which minimize the effects of time-dependent density structure variation within the water column.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BioGeoChemical properties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seawater is collected from known depths using CTD-rosette sampling procedures.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissolved Oxygen: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn into calibrated iodine flasks and dissolved oxygen (DO) is chemically bound by the formation of a flocculated form of manganese(III) hydroxide (Mn(OH)3 floc). The floc is subsequently dissolved under acidic conditions which stochiometrically converts the original DO oxidizing equivalents to iodine (I3- ion). The latter is quantitatively titrated with thiosulfate (S2O32-) ions to a potentiometric end-point using a high-precision computer-controlled titration system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissolved Inorganic Carbon: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are collected in glass bottles, immediately preserved with HgCl2 and stored for subsequent analysis in the laboratory using a manual commercial CO2 coulometer or a specially constructed automated system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alkalinity: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples for alkalinity are collected and immediately preserved with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for subsequent analysis in the laboratory. The alkalinity is determined by a potentiometric titration, and the end-point is computed using a non-linear least squares approach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurement of pH:&lt;/strong&gt; The pH is determined by spectrophotometric detection on the total hydrogen scale at 25 C (pHtotal@25), using m-cresol purple dye as the indicator.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nitrate plus Nitrite: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Nitrate+nitrite is measured from subsamples passed through a cadmium reduction column and reacted with aromatic amines to form an azo dye which is analyzed colorimetrically.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-sensitivity Nitrate+Nitrite determinations by Chemiluminescence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Nitrate/nitrite is converted to nitric oxide by wet chemical reduction in an acidic solution. The nitric oxide produced is measured using a commercial chemiluminescent detector.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soluble Reactive Phosphorus:&lt;/strong&gt; Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) is measured colorimetrically following the formation of phosphomolybdic acid.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-sensitivity Soluble Reactive Phosphorus by MAGIC: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are collected in HDPE bottles and stored frozen (-20°C). The sample is preconcentrated and SRP is analyzed by standard colorimetry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soluble Reactive Silica: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn into acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Soluble reactive silica (SRSi) is measured colorimetrically following the formation of silico-molybdic acid from the reaction of ammonium molybdate and silica at acidic pH.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are prescreened and transferred to specially designed, calibrated filtration bottles, pressure-filtered through combusted GF/F filters and stored frozen for subsequent analysis. In the laboratory, the filters are dried, combusted and analyzed for C and N using a commercially available instrument.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Phosphorus:&lt;/strong&gt; Subsamples are prefiltered (202 µm) and transferred to specially designed, calibrated filtration bottles, pressure filtered through combusted, acid-rinsed glass fiber filters and stored frozen for subsequent analysis. In the laboratory, the filters are combusted at 450°C, leached in dilute HCl and the concentration of the resulting inorganic phosphorus is determined by colorimetric analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Inorganic Carbon:&lt;/strong&gt; Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), primarily calcium carbonate as both calcite and aragonite, is measured on filtered particulate matter from either water column seawater samples collected at discrete depths or sediment trap samples. In the laboratory, the filters are dried and acidified to convert PIC to CO2 which is analyzed by non-dispersive infrared analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Biogenic Silica: &lt;/strong&gt;Seawater samples are collected at discrete depths using CTD/rosette sampling procedures. A known volume is concentrated onto a 0.8 µm Nuclepore filter and stored at -20°C. In the laboratory, particulate Si is dissolved in a basic solution, with heat, over time.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fluorometric Analysis of Chlorophyll a and pheopigments: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are filtered onto glass fiber filters and placed into cold, 100% acetone to extract photosynthetic pigments. Concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeopigments are measured by fluorometry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HPLC Analysis of Algal Pigments:&lt;/strong&gt; Chlorophylls, carotenes and other accessory pigments are analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The diversity as well as their distributions and concentrations in the water column are used to describe the structure of the phytoplankton community.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enumeration of Bacteria and Cyanobacteria by Flow Cytometry: &lt;/strong&gt;Seawater is collected and preserved in the field, for later analysis in the lab using an InFlux Flow Cytometer run by the Spigot software package. The populations targeted for enumeration are &lt;em&gt;Prochlorococcus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Synechococcus&lt;/em&gt;, pico-eukaryotes (cells sized around 1μm), and heterotrophic, non-fluorescing bacteria. Each sample is split with one aliquot analyzed for auto-fluorescence and the other stained with SYBR Green I, for enumerating heterotrophic bacteria. In both cases, cell excitation is produced using stacked 488nm and 457nm lasers. The data is analyzed using FlowJo software to determine cell numbers per target group and used to derive cell concentrations per milliliter sample.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microbial ATP: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are filtered through glass fiber filters and ATP, an obligate constituent of all living organisms, is extracted using boiling TRIS buffer. The extracted ATP is analyzed in a photometer by the firefly bioluminescence reaction, and the ATP content is related to total living (biomass) microbial carbon by the application of a laboratory-derived extrapolation factor.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0926766 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0926766 Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1260164 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1260164 Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756517 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756517 Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2241005 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2241005 onGoing Angelicque E. White University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 808-956-6220 1950 East West Rd. Honolulu HI USA aewhite@hawaii.edu pointOfContact David M. Karl University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 808-956 8964 C-MORE Hale 1950 East-West Road Honolulu HI 96822 USA dkarl@hawaii.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 3 Unknown HOT_ID Vessel EXPOCODE WHPID_section Sampling_ISO_DateTime_UTC Latitude Longitude Depth_max Pressure_max STNNBR CASTNO Number_bottles ROSETTE_POS CTDPRS CTDTMP CTDSAL CTDOXY THETA_ITS90 SIGMA SALNITY OXYGEN DIC pH ALKALIN pCO2 PHSPHT NO2_NO3 SILCAT DOP DON DOC TDP TDN PC PN PP LLN LLP LLSi CHL_A PHEO CHL_C3 CHL_C1_C2 CHL_plus PERID BUT_19 FUCO HEX_19 PRASINO DIADINO ZEAXAN CHL_B HPLC_chl CHL_C4 A_CAR B_CAR CAROTEN CHLDA_A VIOL LUTEIN MV_CHLA DV_CHLA H_BACT P_BACT S_BACT E_BACT ATP GTP H2O2 N2O PSi PIC PE_pt4u PE_5u PE_10u P15N P13C TD700A TD700B TD700C NO2 SPEC_SI QUALT1 QUALT2 QUALT3 QUALT4 QUALT5 QUALT6 QUALT7 QUALT8 QUALT9 QUALT10 Cruise_number Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer CTD Sea-Bird 911 plus HPLC Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097) Niskin bottle Turner Luminometer Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system digital thermistor MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer TD700 Turner Designs Model 10-AU theme None, User defined Cruise identfier ship EXPOCODE region ISO_DateTime_UTC latitude longitude depth maximum pressure station cast number bottle number water pressure water temperature at measurement depth salinity dissolved Oxygen potential temperature sigma-theta salinity from water bottle samples dissolved inorganic Carbon pH total alkalinity (TA) Partial pressure of CO2 reactive phosphorus (PO4) nitrate plus nitrite Silicate (reactive silica) Dissolved Organic Phosphorus Dissolved Organic Nitrogen dissolved organic Carbon Total Dissolved Phosphorus Total Dissolved Nitrogen total particulate Carbon Total Particulate Nitrogen Total Particulate Phosphorus Low Level Nitrogen Low Level Phosphorus Low Level Silica chlorophyll-a; fluorometric method total phaeopigment chlorophyll c3 chl_c1_c2 chlorophyl c total peridinin 19-prime-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin fucoxanthin 19-prime-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin prasinoxanthin diadinoxanthin zeaxanthin chlorophyll b chlorophyll a chlorophyll c4 carotene-alpha carotene-beta carotene chlorophyllide a violaxanthin lutein monovinyl chlorophyll a divinyl chlorophyll a heterotrophic bacteria abundance from flow cytometry prochlorococcus abundance synechococcus abundance from flow cytometry pico_euks Adenosinetriphosphate Guanosine5-Triphosphate Hydrogen Peroxide Nitrous Oxide Particulate Silica particulate inorganic Carbon phycoerythrin_point4u phycoerythrin_5u phycoerythrin_10u d15N C13 of Total Particulate Carbon chlorophyll c total Nitrite Spectrophotometric Silicate quality flag featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters Autosal salinometer Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer CHN Elemental Analyzer CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph ISUS Nitrate sensor Niskin bottle Photometer Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer Spectrophotometer Technicon AutoAnalyzer II Thermistor Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer Turner Designs Fluorometer 10-AU instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments HOT_cruises KOK1005 KOK1007 KOK1011 KOK1013 KM1012 KM1102A KM1120 KM1124 KM1127 KOK1113 KOK1114 KM1131 KOK1201 KM1205 KOK1202 KM1223 KM1227 KM1302 KM1305 TN294 KM1308 KM1311 KM1315 KM1317 KM1319 KM1321 KM1323 KM1402 KM1406 KM1408 KM1410 KOK1404 KM1414 KM1421 KM1425 KM1428 KOK1502 KOK1503 KM1504 KM1508 KM1510 KM1512 KOK1508 KOK1515 KM1518 KOK1516 KM1601 KM1602 KM1603 KOK1605 OC1605B KOK1608 KOK1611 OC1610A service Deployment Activity North Pacific Ocean Station Aloha (22 45N, 158W), Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) place Locations otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry http://us-ocb.org/ Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF. The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems. The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two. The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans. OCB largerWorkCitation program U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/ U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research. The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP). U.S. JGOFS largerWorkCitation program Ocean Time-series Sites https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/562656 Ocean Time-series Sites Program description text taken from Chapter 1: Introduction from the Global Intercomparability in a Changing Ocean: An International Time-Series Methods Workshop report published following the workshop held November 28-30, 2012 at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The full report is available from the workshop Web site hosted by US OCB: http://www.whoi.edu/website/TS-workshop/home Decades of research have demonstrated that the ocean varies across a range of time scales, with anthropogenic forcing contributing an added layer of complexity. In a growing effort to distinguish between natural and human-induced earth system variability, sustained ocean time-series measurements have taken on a renewed importance. Shipboard biogeochemical time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate (Karl, 2010; Chavez et al., 2011; Church et al., 2013). They provide the oceanographic community with the long, temporally resolved datasets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem change. The temporal scale of shifts in marine ecosystem variations in response to climate change are on the order of several decades.  The long-term, consistent and comprehensive monitoring programs conducted by time-series sites are essential to understand large-scale atmosphere-ocean interactions that occur on interannual to decadal time scales.  Ocean time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate. Launched in the late 1980s, the US JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; http://usjgofs.whoi.edu) research program initiated two time-series measurement programs at Hawaii and Bermuda (HOT and BATS, respectively) to measure key oceanographic measurements in oligotrophic waters. Begun in 1995 as part of the US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin. The objective of these time-series effort is to provide well-sampled seasonal resolution of biogeochemical variability at a limited number of ocean observatories, provide support and background measurements for process-oriented research, as well as test and validate observations for biogeochemical models. Since their creation, the BATS, CARIACO and HOT time-series site data have been available for use by a large community of researchers.   Data from those three US funded, ship-based, time-series sites can be accessed at each site directly or by selecting the site name from the Projects section below.   Ocean Time-series largerWorkCitation program [Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2023-2028; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/ [Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2023-2028; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre <p><strong>Hawai'i Ocean Time-Series Project Summary</strong><br /> This continuing award for the HOT research program sustains the open-ocean climatology of biological, chemical, and physical observations into a 4^th decade.</p> <p><strong>Intellectual Merit </strong><br /> The scientific mission of HOT continues to be monitoring of temporal dynamics in the cycling of carbon and associated bioelements, and observations of the variability of hydrological and ecological properties, heat fluxes, and circulation of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG).  The proposed research will rely on shipboard observations and experiments conducted on 10 separate 5-day expeditions per annum along with near-continuous moored platform measurements of air-sea interactions, ocean mixing, and physical characteristics of the deep sea.  The HOT program maintains the high-quality suite of biogeochemical and physical measurements required for continued assessment of dynamics in ocean carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. Continuity of these observations improves the value of the dataset for deciphering how low-frequency natural and anthropogenic climate signals influence ecosystem structure in the NPSG as well as providing up-to-date measurements to place current signals in the longer-term context.  Such efforts will continue to aid on-going modeling efforts required for predicting how future habitat perturbations may influence ecosystem dynamics in the NPSG.  All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. HOT data provide reference baselines for essential ocean variables, allow for characterization of natural patterns of ocean system variability and associated links to regional climate indices, and support calibration/validation of autonomous in situ and remote (satellite, airborne) sensors.</p> <p><strong>Broader Impacts</strong><br /> The long-term, continuous HOT data are critical to assess variability on seasonal to decadal time-scales and thus are essential to determine the emergence of anthropogenic signals in the oligotrophic North Pacific.  Further sustaining HOT measurements will strengthen our capacity to test hypotheses about poorly understood interactions between ocean dynamics, climate, and biogeochemistry and increase the value of HOT data for understanding the response of ocean ecosystems to both natural and anthropogenic climate perturbations. Over the next 5 years, we will continue to promote the value of HOT research through high quality, high visibility peer-reviewed journal and book articles, newspaper and newsletter articles, and community outreach. With partners BCO-DMO and OceanSITES we will also continue to strive for a FAIR data model (see data management plan) as metadata standards and conventions evolve in the community. We will continue working with an Earthcube Research Coordination Network for Marine Ecological Time Series (METS) to support efforts that bring together different cross-sections of METS data producers, data users, data scientists, and data managers in large- and small-group formats to foster the necessary dialog to develop FAIR data solutions across multiple time-series.  In addition, HOT is a community resource that helps support the research of numerous ocean scientists who rely on the program’s infrastructure (ship time, staff, laboratories, equipment) to conduct their research, education, and outreach activities.  Moreover, HOT PIs maintain a strong commitment to mentoring and training of undergraduate and graduate students, and will continue these activities as well as facilitates access to the sea by a number of ancillary students and scientists. </p> <p>------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>NSF Award Abstract:</strong><br /> <span style="color:rgb(27, 27, 27); font-family:verdana; font-size:11.312px">Long-term observations of ocean physics, biology, and chemistry across decades provide a powerful lens for understanding the response of the oceans to environmental change. This award will continue the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) research program, which began in 1988, for an additional five years. Continuity of these observations will improve the value of the dataset for deciphering how natural and human-influenced climate signals affect ecosystem structure in the Pacific Ocean. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. HOT also serves as (1) a testbed for the development of new sensors and methodologies, (2) a calibration/validation site, (3) an invaluable training ground that attracts students and researchers from around the globe, and (4) a forum for international collaboration and capacity building.</span></p> <p><span style="color:rgb(27, 27, 27); font-family:verdana; font-size:11.312px">The proposed research will rely on shipboard observations and experiments conducted on ten separate five-day expeditions per year along with near-continuous moored platform measurements of air-sea interactions, ocean mixing, and physical characteristics of the deep sea. Observations include biogeochemical and physical measurements required for continued assessment of dynamics in ocean carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. The major program goals and objectives over the next 5 years remain as in prior years and include: (1) sustain high quality, time-resolved oceanographic measurements on the interactions between ocean-climate and ecosystem variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), (2) quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon and associated bioelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon), (3) constrain processes controlling air-sea carbon exchange, rates of carbon transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of carbon into the ocean's interior, (4) extend to 40 years a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to gauge anomalous or extreme changes to the NPSG habitat, forming a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem, (5) continue to provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Station ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies and transformative ocean sampling technologies, and (6) provide unique training and educational opportunities for the next generation of ocean scientists.</span></p> HOT largerWorkCitation project eng; USA biota oceans North Pacific Ocean; Station Aloha (22 45N, 158W), Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) -158.8575 -157.4567 21.2283 23.4375 1988-10-30 2023-12-31 North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; 22 deg 45 min N, 158 deg W 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Niskin bottle water samples and associated CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2023 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959079.rdf Name: HOT_ID Units: unitless Description: <p>Hawaii Ocean Timeseries cruise identifier</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959080.rdf Name: Vessel Units: unitless Description: <p>Vessel used for the sampling cruise</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959081.rdf Name: EXPOCODE Units: unitless Description: <p>Expedition code: 4 character NODC country-ship code, followed by cruise number and leg.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959082.rdf Name: WHPID_section Units: unitless Description: <p>The WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) section identifier</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959083.rdf Name: Sampling_ISO_DateTime_UTC Units: unitless Description: <p>Sampling date and time in ISO-8601 format following the convention YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959084.rdf Name: Latitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Latitude of sample collection</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959085.rdf Name: Longitude Units: decimal degrees Description: <p>Longitude of sample collection (West is negative)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959086.rdf Name: Depth_max Units: meters (m) Description: <p>Depth measured by shipboard echo sounder. The nominal depth for Station 1 = 1500m and for Station 2 = 4750m.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959088.rdf Name: Pressure_max Units: decibars (db) Description: <p>The deepest pressure sampled</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959089.rdf Name: STNNBR Units: unitless Description: <p>Station number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959090.rdf Name: CASTNO Units: unitless Description: <p>Cast number</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959092.rdf Name: Number_bottles Units: unitless Description: <p>Number of bottles used during the cast</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959093.rdf Name: ROSETTE_POS Units: unitless Description: <p>Position of Niskin bottle in the CTD rosette sampler</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959095.rdf Name: CTDPRS Units: decibars (db) Description: <p>CTD Pressure</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959096.rdf Name: CTDTMP Units: degrees Celsius Description: <p>CTD Temperature on ITS-90 scale</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959097.rdf Name: CTDSAL Units: unitless Description: <p>CTD Salinity on PSS-78 scale</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959098.rdf Name: CTDOXY Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>CTD Oxygen</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959099.rdf Name: THETA_ITS90 Units: degrees Celsius Description: <p>Potential Temperature on ITS-90 scale</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959100.rdf Name: SIGMA Units: kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3) Description: <p>Potential Density</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959101.rdf Name: SALNITY Units: unitless Description: <p>Bottle salinity on PSS-78 scale</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959102.rdf Name: OXYGEN Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Bottle dissolved oxygen</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959103.rdf Name: DIC Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Dissolved Inorganic Carbon</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959104.rdf Name: pH Units: unitless Description: <p>pH (pre-1992 was NBS25 and 1993 onward is TOT25)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959105.rdf Name: ALKALIN Units: microequivalent per kilogram (ueq/kg) Description: <p>Alkalinity</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959106.rdf Name: pCO2 Units: microatmospheres (uatm) Description: <p>Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959107.rdf Name: PHSPHT Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Phosphate</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959108.rdf Name: NO2_NO3 Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Nitrate + nitrite (NO2+NO3)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959109.rdf Name: SILCAT Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Silicate (SiO4)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959110.rdf Name: DOP Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Phosphorus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959111.rdf Name: DON Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Nitrogen</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959112.rdf Name: DOC Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Dissolved Organic Carbon</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959113.rdf Name: TDP Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Total Dissolved Phosphorus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959114.rdf Name: TDN Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN)</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959115.rdf Name: PC Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Particulate Carbon</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959116.rdf Name: PN Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Particulate Nitrogen</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959117.rdf Name: PP Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Particulate Phosphorus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959118.rdf Name: LLN Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Low-level Nitrogen</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959119.rdf Name: LLP Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Low-level Phosphorus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959120.rdf Name: LLSi Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Low-level Silica</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959121.rdf Name: CHL_A Units: microgram per liter (ug/L) Description: <p>Fluorometric Chlorophyll a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959122.rdf Name: PHEO Units: microgram per liter (ug/L) Description: <p>Pheopigments</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959123.rdf Name: CHL_C3 Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyll c3</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959124.rdf Name: CHL_C1_C2 Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyll [c1+c2] &amp; Mg 3,8 DVP4A5</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959125.rdf Name: CHL_plus Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyll c1 + c2 + c3</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959126.rdf Name: PERID Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Peridinin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959127.rdf Name: BUT_19 Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC 19&#039;-Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959128.rdf Name: FUCO Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Fucoxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959129.rdf Name: HEX_19 Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC 19&#039;-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959130.rdf Name: PRASINO Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Prasinoxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959131.rdf Name: DIADINO Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Diadinoxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959132.rdf Name: ZEAXAN Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Zeaxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959133.rdf Name: CHL_B Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyll b</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959134.rdf Name: HPLC_chl Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyll a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959135.rdf Name: CHL_C4 Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chloropyll c4</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959136.rdf Name: A_CAR Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Alpha Carotene</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959137.rdf Name: B_CAR Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Beta Carotene</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959138.rdf Name: CAROTEN Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Carotenes</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959139.rdf Name: CHLDA_A Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Chlorophyllide a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959140.rdf Name: VIOL Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Violaxanthin</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959141.rdf Name: LUTEIN Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Lutein</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959142.rdf Name: MV_CHLA Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Monovinyl Chlorophyll a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959143.rdf Name: DV_CHLA Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>HPLC Divinyl Chlorophyll a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959144.rdf Name: H_BACT Units: 10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL) Description: <p>Bacteria: Heterotrophic</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959145.rdf Name: P_BACT Units: 10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL) Description: <p>Bacteria: Prochlorococcus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959146.rdf Name: S_BACT Units: 10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL) Description: <p>Bacteria: Synechococcus</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959147.rdf Name: E_BACT Units: 10^5 per milliliter (10^5/mL) Description: <p>Bacteria: Eukaryotes</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959148.rdf Name: ATP Units: nanogram per kilogram (ng/kg) Description: <p>Adenosine 5&#039;-Triphosphate</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959149.rdf Name: GTP Units: nanogram per kilogram (ng/kg) Description: <p>Guanosine 5&#039;-Triphosphate</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959150.rdf Name: H2O2 Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Hydrogen Peroxide</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959151.rdf Name: N2O Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Nitrous Oxide</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959152.rdf Name: PSi Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Particulate Silica</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959153.rdf Name: PIC Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Particulate Inorganic Carbon</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959154.rdf Name: PE_pt4u Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>Phycoerythrin 0.4 micron fraction</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959155.rdf Name: PE_5u Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>Phycoerythrin 5 micron fraction</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959156.rdf Name: PE_10u Units: nanogram per liter (ng/L) Description: <p>Phycoerythrin 10 micron fraction</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959157.rdf Name: P15N Units: permil vs. air-N Description: <p>delta-15N of particulate nitrogen vs. air-N</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959158.rdf Name: P13C Units: permil vs. VPDB Description: <p>delta-13C of particulate carbon vs. VPDB</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959159.rdf Name: TD700A Units: microgram per liter (ug/L) Description: <p>TD700 Chlorophyll a</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959160.rdf Name: TD700B Units: microgram per liter (ug/L) Description: <p>TD700 Chlorophyll b</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959161.rdf Name: TD700C Units: microgram per liter (ug/L) Description: <p>TD700 Chlorophyll c</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959162.rdf Name: NO2 Units: nanomole per kilogram (nmol/kg) Description: <p>Nitrite</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959163.rdf Name: SPEC_SI Units: micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) Description: <p>Spectrophotometric Silicate</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959164.rdf Name: QUALT1 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for CTDSAL, CTDOXY, SALNITY, OXYGEN, DIC, pH, and ALKALIN</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959165.rdf Name: QUALT2 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for pCO2, PHSPHT, NO2+NO3, SILCAT, DOP, DON, and DOC</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959166.rdf Name: QUALT3 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for TDP, TDN, PC, PN, PP, LLN, and LLP</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959167.rdf Name: QUALT4 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for LLSi, CHL_A, PHEO, CHL_C3, CHL_C1+C2, CHL+, and PERID</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959168.rdf Name: QUALT5 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for 19BUT, FUCO, 19HEX, PRASINO, DIADINO, ZEXAN, and CHL_B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959169.rdf Name: QUALT6 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for HPLC_chl, CHL_C4, A_CAR, B_CAR, CAROTEN, and CHLDA_A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959170.rdf Name: QUALT7 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for VIOL, LUTEIN, MV_CHLA, DV_CHLA, H_BACT, and P_BACT</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959171.rdf Name: QUALT8 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for S_BACT, E_BACT, ATP, GTP, H2O2, and N2O</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959172.rdf Name: QUALT9 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for Psi, PIC, PE_pt4u, PE_5u, PE_10u, and P15N</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959173.rdf Name: QUALT10 Units: unitless Description: <p>Quality Flags (combined) for P13C, TD700A, TD700B, TD700C, NO2, and SPEC_Si</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/959174.rdf Name: Cruise_number Units: unitless Description: <p>Number of bottles used during the cast</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 32287978 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/565854a5-5528-41af-a2b6-417ba4a59aef/content download 42875109 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/e3cddd7a-c014-43a0-af7f-aaf43dca75b6/content download 44113793 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24356/1/dataset-3773_niskin-bottle-samples__v1.tsv download https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.3773.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sampling strategy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Timing: &lt;/strong&gt;HOT cruises are conducted at approximately monthly intervals, and approximately 72 hours is spent on station. During this period, nearly continuous measurements of water column physical characteristics are made using a CTD. One CTD cast is made to 4700 m (maximum water depth is approximately 4750 m), and then 1000 m casts are made at approximately 3-hour intervals for at least 36 hours (see &lt;a href=&quot;https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/chap4.html&quot;&gt;Chapter 4&lt;/a&gt;). Chemical constituents and relevant biogeochemical cycling rates are measured from water samples at discrete depths.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: &lt;/strong&gt;Our primary sampling site is centered at 22° 45'N, 158° 00'W. This location is approximately 100 km due north of Kahuku Point, Oahu and Station ALOHA is defined as the ocean within a 6 mi radius of the center. This location is believed to be free of significant biogeochemical island mass effects; it is located 50 km (one Rossby radius) away from the topography associated with the Hawaiian Ridge, it is northeast (upwind) of the Hawaiian Archipelago, and it is above flat topography in 4750 meters of water.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-resolution profiles:&lt;/strong&gt; High-resolution profiles of relevant physical, chemical, and biological oceanic properties are collected using a Seabird CTD. The instrument is equipped with external temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and fluorescence sensors and with an internal pressure sensor. A General Oceanics 24-place pylon and deck box are used to obtain water samples from discrete depths using 12-liter Niskin bottles on a Scripps- type aluminum rosette frame&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discrete Depth measurements&lt;/strong&gt;: Sampling depths range from the surface to approximately 50 meters above the seafloor (4750 m), with most of the samples being collected in the upper 1000 meters. Approximately 20% of the samples are collected and analyzed in triplicate. To the extent possible, samples are collected from the same depths and/or density levels each month in order to facilitate comparisons between monthly profiles. During each HOT cruise, at least 20% of the samples are routinely collected in duplicate or triplicate to evaluate field precision. Salinity samples are collected from all Niskin bottles in order to identify bottle trip errors and on-deck sample temperatures (for those casts where oxygen samples are drawn) are recorded for each water bottle sampled. Both procedures are useful for the identification of sample mistrips (i.e., the collection of water from a depth other than intended). Our sampling strategy is based on resolving depth profiles of specific chemical constituents from contiguous casts. This is done in order to produce profiles which minimize the effects of time-dependent density structure variation within the water column.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BioGeoChemical properties&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seawater is collected from known depths using CTD-rosette sampling procedures.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissolved Oxygen: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn into calibrated iodine flasks and dissolved oxygen (DO) is chemically bound by the formation of a flocculated form of manganese(III) hydroxide (Mn(OH)3 floc). The floc is subsequently dissolved under acidic conditions which stochiometrically converts the original DO oxidizing equivalents to iodine (I3- ion). The latter is quantitatively titrated with thiosulfate (S2O32-) ions to a potentiometric end-point using a high-precision computer-controlled titration system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissolved Inorganic Carbon: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) are collected in glass bottles, immediately preserved with HgCl2 and stored for subsequent analysis in the laboratory using a manual commercial CO2 coulometer or a specially constructed automated system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Alkalinity: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples for alkalinity are collected and immediately preserved with mercuric chloride (HgCl2) for subsequent analysis in the laboratory. The alkalinity is determined by a potentiometric titration, and the end-point is computed using a non-linear least squares approach.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Measurement of pH:&lt;/strong&gt; The pH is determined by spectrophotometric detection on the total hydrogen scale at 25 C (pHtotal@25), using m-cresol purple dye as the indicator.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nitrate plus Nitrite: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Nitrate+nitrite is measured from subsamples passed through a cadmium reduction column and reacted with aromatic amines to form an azo dye which is analyzed colorimetrically.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-sensitivity Nitrate+Nitrite determinations by Chemiluminescence:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Nitrate/nitrite is converted to nitric oxide by wet chemical reduction in an acidic solution. The nitric oxide produced is measured using a commercial chemiluminescent detector.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soluble Reactive Phosphorus:&lt;/strong&gt; Subsamples are drawn and stored frozen (-20°C) in acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) is measured colorimetrically following the formation of phosphomolybdic acid.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;High-sensitivity Soluble Reactive Phosphorus by MAGIC: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are collected in HDPE bottles and stored frozen (-20°C). The sample is preconcentrated and SRP is analyzed by standard colorimetry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Soluble Reactive Silica: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are drawn into acid-washed, HDPE bottles. Soluble reactive silica (SRSi) is measured colorimetrically following the formation of silico-molybdic acid from the reaction of ammonium molybdate and silica at acidic pH.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are prescreened and transferred to specially designed, calibrated filtration bottles, pressure-filtered through combusted GF/F filters and stored frozen for subsequent analysis. In the laboratory, the filters are dried, combusted and analyzed for C and N using a commercially available instrument.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Phosphorus:&lt;/strong&gt; Subsamples are prefiltered (202 µm) and transferred to specially designed, calibrated filtration bottles, pressure filtered through combusted, acid-rinsed glass fiber filters and stored frozen for subsequent analysis. In the laboratory, the filters are combusted at 450°C, leached in dilute HCl and the concentration of the resulting inorganic phosphorus is determined by colorimetric analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Inorganic Carbon:&lt;/strong&gt; Particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), primarily calcium carbonate as both calcite and aragonite, is measured on filtered particulate matter from either water column seawater samples collected at discrete depths or sediment trap samples. In the laboratory, the filters are dried and acidified to convert PIC to CO2 which is analyzed by non-dispersive infrared analysis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Particulate Biogenic Silica: &lt;/strong&gt;Seawater samples are collected at discrete depths using CTD/rosette sampling procedures. A known volume is concentrated onto a 0.8 µm Nuclepore filter and stored at -20°C. In the laboratory, particulate Si is dissolved in a basic solution, with heat, over time.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fluorometric Analysis of Chlorophyll a and pheopigments: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are filtered onto glass fiber filters and placed into cold, 100% acetone to extract photosynthetic pigments. Concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeopigments are measured by fluorometry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HPLC Analysis of Algal Pigments:&lt;/strong&gt; Chlorophylls, carotenes and other accessory pigments are analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The diversity as well as their distributions and concentrations in the water column are used to describe the structure of the phytoplankton community.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Enumeration of Bacteria and Cyanobacteria by Flow Cytometry: &lt;/strong&gt;Seawater is collected and preserved in the field, for later analysis in the lab using an InFlux Flow Cytometer run by the Spigot software package. The populations targeted for enumeration are &lt;em&gt;Prochlorococcus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Synechococcus&lt;/em&gt;, pico-eukaryotes (cells sized around 1μm), and heterotrophic, non-fluorescing bacteria. Each sample is split with one aliquot analyzed for auto-fluorescence and the other stained with SYBR Green I, for enumerating heterotrophic bacteria. In both cases, cell excitation is produced using stacked 488nm and 457nm lasers. The data is analyzed using FlowJo software to determine cell numbers per target group and used to derive cell concentrations per milliliter sample.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microbial ATP: &lt;/strong&gt;Subsamples are filtered through glass fiber filters and ATP, an obligate constituent of all living organisms, is extracted using boiling TRIS buffer. The extracted ATP is analyzed in a photometer by the firefly bioluminescence reaction, and the ATP content is related to total living (biomass) microbial carbon by the application of a laboratory-derived extrapolation factor.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please refer to the HOT Analytical Methods Web site: https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;Quality Indicator Flags:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt; 1 = not quality controlled&lt;br /&gt; 2 = good data&lt;br /&gt; 3 = suspect (i.e. questionable) data&lt;br /&gt; 4 = bad data&lt;br /&gt; 5 = missing data&lt;br /&gt; 9 = variable not measured during this cast&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) BCO-DMO Processing Notes: - Imported data from source files hot340.gof, hot341.gof, etc. into the BCO-DMO data system. Data file imported using missing data identifiers -9 and -9.00 (v3) - added Latitude and Longitude values in decimal degrees from cruise summary information (v1, v2, v3) - combined separate dates and times to create a Sampling_Datetime field (v2, v3) - added cruise summary information (v1, v2, v3) - added field for Vessel based on the EXPOCODE (v2, v3) - added field for HOT_ID based on EXPOCODE and filename (v2, v3) - merged new data with previous data (v2, v3) - sorted by Cruise number (largest to smallest) where most recent cruise is listed first (v3) Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Salinity samples are collected, stored and analyzed on an Autosal salinometer Instrument Name: Autosal salinometer Instrument Short Name:salinometer Instrument Description: The salinometer is an instrument for measuring the salinity of a water sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB30/ Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III PI Supplied Instrument Name: Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples for the determination of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (soluble reactive phosphorus, [nitrate+nitrite], and silicate) are run using a six-channel Bran Luebbe Autoanalyzer III, from March 2000 onward.    Instrument Name: Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer Instrument Short Name:Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer Instrument Description: Bran Luebbe AA3 AutoAnalyzer See the description from the manufacturer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/ Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples for elemental analyses of Particulate Carbon (PC) and Nitrogen (PN) were analyzed using an Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer Instrument Name: CHN Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CHN_EA Instrument Description: A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples. CTD Sea-Bird 911 plus CTD Sea-Bird 911 plus PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911 plus Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911plus Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/ HPLC HPLC PI Supplied Instrument Name: HPLC PI Supplied Instrument Description:Chlorophyll a and photosynthetic accessory pigments were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to Wright et al. (1991). Instrument Name: High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:HPLC Instrument Description: A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB11/ Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097) Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Real-time nitrate concentrations were measured with a Satlantic ISUS V3 (#097). The ISUS is a chemical-free, solid-state sensor that uses ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy to measure continuous nitrate concentrations. Instrument Name: ISUS Nitrate sensor Instrument Short Name:ISUS Nitrate Instrument Description: The Satlantic ISUS nitrate sensor is an in-situ UV absorption sensor which calculates nitrate concentration from the seawater spectrum. The ISUS V2 has a 1cm path length, a 200-400 nm wavelength range., and is depth rated to 1000 m. Satlantic's ISUS V3 nitrate sensor uses advanced UV absorption technology to measure nitrate concentration in real-time. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0135/ Niskin bottle Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/ Turner Luminometer Turner Luminometer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Turner Luminometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:ATP concentrations were measured on a Turner Luminometer using the firefly bioluminescence technique described by Karl and Holm-Hansen (1978). Instrument Name: Photometer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An instrument that measures the light intensity emitted from a sample. [Definition Source: NCI] Photometers are used to measure iIlluminance, irradiance, light absorption, scattering of light, reflection of light, fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence. [May include luminometers] Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Total organic carbon (TOC) was determined by the high temperature catalytic oxidation method using a Shimadzu TOC-V CSH Total Organic Carbon Analyzer.  This method was used from HOT-125 onward. Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Shimadzu TOC-V Instrument Description: A Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method. Community Standard Description: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124 Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured using a Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA)  Instrument Name: Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer Instrument Short Name:SOMMA Instrument Description: Single Operator Multi-parameter Metabolic Analyzer (SOMMA) which was manufactured at the University of Rhode Island and standardized at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. PI Supplied Instrument Name: PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/ Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system PI Supplied Instrument Name: Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system PI Supplied Instrument Description:Analyses of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations (soluble reactive phosphorus, [nitrate+nitrite], and silicate) were conducted at room temperature on a four-channel Technicon Autoanalyzer II continuous flow system at the University of Hawaii Analytical Facility for samples up through February 2000. Instrument Name: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A rapid flow analyzer that may be used to measure nutrient concentrations in seawater. It is a continuous segmented flow instrument consisting of a sampler, peristaltic pump, analytical cartridge, heating bath, and colorimeter. See more information about this instrument from the manufacturer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0291/ digital thermistor digital thermistor PI Supplied Instrument Name: digital thermistor PI Supplied Instrument Description:Calibrated digital thermistor used for dissolved oxygen procedure Instrument Name: Thermistor Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature, more so than in standard resistors. The word is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters, temperature sensors, self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements. Thermistors differ from resistance temperature detectors (RTD) in that the material used in a thermistor is generally a ceramic or polymer, while RTDs use pure metals. The temperature response is also different; RTDs are useful over larger temperature ranges, while thermistors typically achieve a higher precision within a limited temperature range, typically 90C to 130C. MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Name: MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Prior to HOT-125 (March 2001), Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations had been measured on a commercially available MQ model 1001 TOC analyzer equipped with a LICOR infrared detector.  Instrument Name: Total Organic Carbon Analyzer Instrument Short Name:TOC analyzer Instrument Description: A unit that accurately determines the carbon concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (CO2). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/bs116.pdf Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB04/ TD700 TD700 PI Supplied Instrument Name: TD700 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Turner Designs Model TD-700 was used to measure chlorophyll and phycoerythrin Instrument Name: Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:TD-700 Instrument Description: The TD-700 Laboratory Fluorometer is a benchtop fluorometer designed to detect fluorescence over the UV to red range. The instrument can measure concentrations of a variety of compounds, including chlorophyll-a and fluorescent dyes, and is thus suitable for a range of applications, including chlorophyll, water quality monitoring and fluorescent tracer studies. Data can be output as concentrations or raw fluorescence measurements. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0510/ Turner Designs Model 10-AU Turner Designs Model 10-AU PI Supplied Instrument Name: Turner Designs Model 10-AU PI Supplied Instrument Description:Turner Designs Model 10-AU was used to measure fluorometric chlorophyll. Samples for Chlorophyll a (chl a) and pheopigments were collected onto glass fiber filters and measured fluorometrically on a Turner Designs Model 10-AU flourometer Instrument Name: Turner Designs Fluorometer 10-AU Instrument Short Name:Turner Fluorometer 10-AU Instrument Description: The Turner Designs 10-AU Field Fluorometer is used to measure Chlorophyll fluorescence. The 10AU Fluorometer can be set up for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses. A variety of compounds can be measured using application-specific optical filters available from the manufacturer (read more from Turner Designs, turnerdesigns.com, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0393/ Cruise: HOT_cruises HOT_cruises Multiple Vessels vessel HOT_cruises Angelicque E. White University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/ Report describing HOT_cruises Cruise: KOK1005 KOK1005 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1005 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1005 Cruise: KOK1007 KOK1007 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1007 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1007 Cruise: KOK1011 KOK1011 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1011 Paul J. Lethaby University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1011 Cruise: KOK1013 KOK1013 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1013 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1013 Cruise: KM1012 KM1012 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1012 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1012 Cruise: KM1102A KM1102A R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1102A Craig Nosse University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1102A Cruise: KM1120 KM1120 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1120 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1120 Cruise: KM1124 KM1124 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1124 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1124 Cruise: KM1127 KM1127 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1127 Craig Nosse University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1127 Cruise: KOK1113 KOK1113 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1113 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1113 Cruise: KOK1114 KOK1114 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1114 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1114 Cruise: KM1131 KM1131 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1131 Craig Nosse University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1131 Cruise: KOK1201 KOK1201 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1201 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1201 Cruise: KM1205 KM1205 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1205 Craig Nosse University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1205 Cruise: KOK1202 KOK1202 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1202 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1202 Cruise: KM1223 KM1223 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1223 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1223 Cruise: KM1227 KM1227 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1227 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1227 Cruise: KM1302 KM1302 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1302 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1302 Cruise: KM1305 KM1305 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1305 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1305 Cruise: TN294 TN294 R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel TN294 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing TN294 Cruise: KM1308 KM1308 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1308 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1308 Cruise: KM1311 KM1311 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1311 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1311 Cruise: KM1315 KM1315 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1315 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1315 Cruise: KM1317 KM1317 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1317 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1317 Cruise: KM1319 KM1319 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1319 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1319 Cruise: KM1321 KM1321 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1321 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1321 Cruise: KM1323 KM1323 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1323 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1323 Cruise: KM1402 KM1402 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1402 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1402 Cruise: KM1406 KM1406 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1406 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1406 Cruise: KM1408 KM1408 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1408 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1408 Cruise: KM1410 KM1410 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1410 Brett Updyke University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1410 Cruise: KOK1404 KOK1404 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1404 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1404 Cruise: KM1414 KM1414 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1414 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1414 Cruise: KM1421 KM1421 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1421 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1421 Cruise: KM1425 KM1425 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1425 Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1425 Cruise: KM1428 KM1428 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1428 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1428 Cruise: KOK1502 KOK1502 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1502 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1502 Cruise: KOK1503 KOK1503 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1503 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1503 Cruise: KM1504 KM1504 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1504 Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1504 Cruise: KM1508 KM1508 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1508 Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1508 Cruise: KM1510 KM1510 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1510 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1510 Cruise: KM1512 KM1512 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1512 Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1512 Cruise: KOK1508 KOK1508 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1508 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1508 Cruise: KOK1515 KOK1515 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1515 R. Walter Deppe University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1515 Cruise: KM1518 KM1518 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1518 Fernando Santiago-Mandujano University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1518 Cruise: KOK1516 KOK1516 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1516 Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1516 Cruise: KM1601 KM1601 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1601 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1601 Cruise: KM1602 KM1602 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1602 Dr Tara M. Clemente University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1602 Cruise: KM1603 KM1603 R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel KM1603 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KM1603 Cruise: KOK1605 KOK1605 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1605 Susan E. Curless University of Hawai'i http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/ProEco/cs283.pdf Report describing KOK1605 Cruise: OC1605B OC1605B R/V Oceanus Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Oceanus vessel OC1605B Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing OC1605B Cruise: KOK1608 KOK1608 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1608 Matthew J. Church University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1608 Cruise: KOK1611 KOK1611 R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel KOK1611 Matthew J. Church University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing KOK1611 Cruise: OC1610A OC1610A R/V Oceanus Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Oceanus vessel OC1610A Daniel W. Sadler University of Hawai'i http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html Report describing OC1610A Multiple Vessels vessel R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa vessel R/V Kilo Moana Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Kilo Moana vessel R/V Thomas G. Thompson Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Thomas G. Thompson vessel R/V Oceanus Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea R/V Oceanus vessel