Physico-chemical data from winter 2012, 2013, and 2016 from USCGC and CCGS vessels from the Laurentian Great Lakes (mainly Lakes Huron, Michigan, Erie and connecting waterways) (Lake Erie Ice project)

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/4045
Data Type: Cruise Results
Version: 2
Version Date: 2017-07-18

Project
» RAPID Response to an extreme low ice year on Lake Erie (Lake Erie Ice)

Program
» Laurentian Great Lakes Ecosystem Studies (Laurentian Great Lakes Ecosystem Studies)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
McKay, Robert MichaelBowling Green State University (BGSU)Principal Investigator, Contact
Bullerjahn, George S.Bowling Green State University (BGSU)Co-Principal Investigator
Morris, Paul FBowling Green State University (BGSU)Co-Principal Investigator
Gegg, Stephen R.Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager
Switzer, MeganWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager


Coverage

Spatial Extent: N:46.4986 E:-78.942 S:41.1495 W:-85.715
Temporal Extent: 2012-01-04 - 2016-03-04

Dataset Description


Methods & Sampling

(see individual deployments)


Data Processing Description

(see individual deployments)

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- replaced spaces and / with underscores
- blank values replaced with no data value 'nd'


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Data Files

File
LakeErieIce_data.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 28.11 KB)
MD5:f3bb4d3d85926a47312b635ce2f66ef7
Primary data file for dataset ID 4045

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
StationStation Number dimensionless
Station_ECStation identifier provided by Environment Canada for "process" stations that are routinely occupied during EC surveys.All other stations were sampled while "underway" and were not provided unique EC identifiers. dimensionless
Date_LocalDate Local YYYYMMDD
Time_LocalTime Local HHMMSS
ISO_DateTime_LocalISO Formatted Date/Time Local yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm
Lat_DegMinLatitude in Degrees and Decimal Minutes Deg DecMin N/S
Lat_DecDegLatitude in Decimal Degrees decimal degrees
Lon_DegMinLongitude in Degrees and Decimal Minutes Deg DecMin E/W
Lon_DecDegLongitude in Decimal Degrees decimal degrees
Station_Depth_FeetStation Depth in Feet feet
Station_Depth_MetersStation Depth in Meters meters
Ice_CoverIce Cover percentage
Snow_CoverSnow Cover percentage
Ice_TypeIce Type text
Ice_ThicknessIce Thickness inches
Air_Temp_FAir Temp Degrees Fahrenheit degrees fahrenheit
Air_Temp_CAir Temp Degrees Celsius degrees celsius
Baro_Press_InchesBarometric Pressure in inches of mercury Hg
Baro_Press_MilliBarometric Pressure in millibars millibars
Wind_Spd_KntsWind Speed in Knots knots
Wind_Spd_M_per_SecWind Speed in Meters per Second meters per second
Wind_DirectionWind Direction True degrees or text
WeatherWeather Description text
Water_TempWater Temperature degrees fahrenheit
Chl_gt_0point2_um_PCTE_Replicate_1Chl (> 0.2 um PCTE) Replicate 1 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 0.2um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 1 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_0point2_um_PCTE_Replicate_2Chl (> 0.2 um PCTE) Replicate 2 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 0.2um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 2 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_0point2_um_PCTE_Replicate_3Chl (> 0.2 um PCTE) Replicate 3 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 0.2um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 3 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_0point2_um_PCTE_MeanChl (> 0.2 um PCTE) Mean Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 0.2um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Mean for the triplicate set of chlorophyll values micro g L-1
Chl_gt_20_um_PCTE_Replicate_1Chl (> 20 um PCTE) Replicate 1 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 20um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 1 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_20_um_PCTE_Replicate_2Chl (> 20 um PCTE) Replicate 2 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 20um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 2 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_20_um_PCTE_Replicate_3Chl (> 20 um PCTE) Replicate 3 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 20um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Replicate 3 micro g L-1
Chl_gt_20_um_PCTE_MeanChl (> 20 um PCTE) Mean Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass > 20um retained on a polycarbonate [PCTE] membrane - Mean for the triplicate set of chlorophyll values micro g L-1
Chl_GF_F_Replicate_1Chl (GF/F) Replicate 1Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass retained on a glass fiber [GF/F] membrane - Replicate 1 micro g L-1
Chl_GF_F_Replicate_2Chl (GF/F) Replicate 2 Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass retained on a glass fiber [GF/F] membrane - Replicate 2 micro g L-1
Chl_GF_F_Replicate_3Chl (GF/F) Replicate 3Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass retained on a glass fiber [GF/F] membrane - Replicate 3 micro g L-1
Chl_GF_F_MeanChl (GF/F) Mean Extractive Chlorophyll a biomass retained on a glass fiber [GF/F] membrane - Mean for the triplicate set of chlorophyll values micro g L-1
NH3Dissolved Nutrients - NH3 mg L-1
CLDissolved Nutrients - CL mg L-1
S04Dissolved Nutrients - SO4 mg L-1
NO2Dissolved Nutrients - NO2 mg L-1
NO3Dissolved Nutrients - NO3 mg L-1
SIO2Dissolved Nutrients - SIO2 mg L-1
SRPDissolved Nutrients - SRP mg L-1
Total_PhosphorusParticulate - Total Phosphorus mg L-1


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Instruments

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Technicon TrAAcs AutoAnalyzer
Generic Instrument Name
Nutrient Autoanalyzer
Generic Instrument Description
Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. In general, a Nutrient Autoanalyzer is an automated flow-thru system for doing nutrient analysis (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) on seawater samples.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Dionex Ion Chromatograph
Generic Instrument Name
Ion Chromatograph
Generic Instrument Description
Ion chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography that measures concentrations of ionic species by separating them based on their interaction with a resin. Ionic species separate differently depending on species type and size. Ion chromatographs are able to measure concentrations of major anions, such as fluoride, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, and sulfate, as well as major cations such as lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range. (from http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/ic....)

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
Generic Instrument Name
Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
Dataset-specific Description
For analysis by fluorometry, samples are extracted in 90% acetone (24 h at -20° C) and chlorophyll measured in a TD-700 fluorometer (Turner) using the non-acidified approach (Welschmeyer, 1994)  
Generic Instrument Description
The TD-700 Laboratory Fluorometer is a benchtop fluorometer designed to detect fluorescence over the UV to red range. The instrument can measure concentrations of a variety of compounds, including chlorophyll-a and fluorescent dyes, and is thus suitable for a range of applications, including chlorophyll, water quality monitoring and fluorescent tracer studies. Data can be output as concentrations or raw fluorescence measurements.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Stainless Steel Sampling Bottle
Generic Instrument Name
Stainless Steel Sampling Bottle
Dataset-specific Description
Near-surface water (1 m depth) will be collected using a stainless steel sampling bottle. These bottles were custom made (welded stainless steel) by Fletcher Manufacturing, Bowling Green, OH).  
Generic Instrument Description
A stainless steel sampling bottle used for collecting near surface samples (not a GO-FLO bottle)


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Deployments

NEAHBAY_Winter2012

Website
Platform
USCGC NEAH BAY
Start Date
2012-01-04
End Date
2012-04-05
Description
Note: There is no official cruise id.  "NEAHBAY_Winter2012" was generated by BCO-DMO staff. The 2012 winter Coast guard ice-breaking operation on Lake Erie is called “Operation Coal Shovel” which has been assigned as a primary synonym for the cruise. The locations list was generated from the station locations contributed with the data. For additional information see:Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard IcebreakersStudy Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2011-12

Methods & Sampling
See:Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard IcebreakersStudy Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2011-12

Processing Description
See: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LakeErie_Ice/Oyserman2012_Eos.pdf">Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LakeErie_Ice/Study_Plan_BGSU_CoastGuard_Winter20... Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2011-12 Means were calculated for each triplicate set of chlorophyll values. BCO-DMO Processing Notes Original file: "NEAH BAY_2012_master.xlsx", sheet: "Cumulative" contributed by Robert McKay - Date reformatted to YYYYMMDD - Time reformatted to HHMMSS - Lat/Lon hemisphere sign (E/W or N/S) added to Lat/Lon Deg, Decimal minutes fields - "n.d." replaced with "nd" (BCO-DMO standard for no data) - Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions - Columns added to generate a common set of parameters for all three cruises: "Station_EC" "Water_Temp" (All "nd")

MACKINAW_Winter2013

Website
Platform
USCGC MACKINAW
Start Date
2013-01-29
End Date
2013-02-02
Description
Note: There is no official cruise id.  "MACKINAW_Winter2013" was generated by BCO-DMO staff. The 2013 winter Coast guard ice-breaking operation on Lake Erie is called “Operation Taconite” which has been assigned as a primary synonym for the cruise. The locations list was generated from the station locations contributed with the data. For additional information see:Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard IcebreakersStudy Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13

Methods & Sampling
See:Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard IcebreakersStudy Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13

Processing Description
See: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LakeErie_Ice/Oyserman2012_Eos.pdf">Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LakeErie_Ice/Study_Plan_BGSU_USCoastGuard_Winter... Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13 Means were calculated for each triplicate set of chlorophyll values. BCO-DMO Processing Notes Original file: "MACKINAW_2013_ master_13Sept13.xlsx", sheet: "Cumulative" contributed by Robert McKay - Date reformatted to YYYYMMDD - Time reformatted to HHMMSS - Lat/Lon hemisphere sign (E/W or N/S) added to Lat/Lon Deg, Decimal minutes fields - "-" replaced with "nd" (BCO-DMO standard for no data) - Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions - Columns added to generate a common set of parameters for all three cruises: "Station_EC" "Baro_Press_Mill" (generated from "Baro_Press_Inches * 33.8637526)

GRIFFON_2013-01-801

Website
Platform
CCGS GRIFFON
Start Date
2013-02-18
End Date
2013-02-23
Description
The locations list was generated from the station locations contributed with the data. For additional information see:Study Plan for the Canadian Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13

Methods & Sampling
See:Study Plan for the Canadian Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13

Processing Description
See: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LakeErie_Ice/Study_Plan_BGSU_CanadianCoastGuard_... Plan for the Canadian Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2012-13 Means were calculated for each triplicate set of chlorophyll values. BCO-DMO Processing Notes Original file: "GRIFFON_2013_ master_13Sept13.xlsx", sheet: "Cumulative" contributed by Robert McKay - Date reformatted to YYYYMMDD - Time reformatted to HHMMSS - Lat/Lon hemisphere sign (E/W or N/S) added to Lat/Lon Deg, Decimal minutes fields - "#Value!" replaced with "nd" (BCO-DMO standard for no data) - Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO parameter naming conventions - Columns added to generate a common set of parameters for all three cruises: "Station_Depth_Feet" (generated from Station_Depth_Meters/0.3048) "Air_Temp_F" (generated from (Air_Temp_C * 1.8 + 32.0)) "Baro_Press_Inches" (generated from Baro_Press_Mill * 0.0295301) "Water_Temp" (All "nd") "Chl_GF_F_Replicate_1,2,3,Mean" (All "nd")

GRIFFON_2016046-001-008

Website
Platform
CCGS GRIFFON
Report
Start Date
2016-02-15
End Date
2016-02-19
Description
PURPOSE: Characterize the spatial and vertical distribution in Lake Erie of i) benthic seed populations ii) physico-chemical parameters (temperature, conductivity etc.) and major nutrients in water column iii) primary productivity, carbon processing and bacterial activity iv) algal nutrient and physiological status; toxins v) phytoplankton, picoplankton and algal taxa; samples for DNA barcoding and metagenomic analyses

NEAHBAY_Winter2016

Website
Platform
USCGC NEAH BAY
Report
Start Date
2016-01-14
End Date
2016-03-04


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Project Information

RAPID Response to an extreme low ice year on Lake Erie (Lake Erie Ice)


Coverage: Laurentian Great Lakes


Description from NSF award:
Winter presents a logistical obstacle to our understanding of lake ecosystems. A recent collaboration of the PIs with the Canadian- and U.S. Coast Guards and their icebreaking programs has facilitated annual winter surveys of Lake Erie since 2007. Conducted during times of expansive ice cover, these surveys have documented high phytoplankton biomass, often in discrete formations and dominated by a filamentous diatom, Aulacoseira islandica. Whereas Lake Erie is characterized by a high annual median ice cover [AMIC] consistent with its relative shallow bathymetry, it also shows extremes in maximum ice extent ranging from ~10% in low ice years to > 99% in high ice years. While maximum ice cover on Lake Eries has reached ~95% each winter from 2007-2010, the winter of 2011-12 is shaping up much differently, with unseasonably warm conditions and almost no ice cover.

The PIs will use a Rapid Response Research (RAPID) grant to investigate the changes in phytoplankton community structure and function during this warm and practically ice-free winter. Specifically, they will test the hypothesis that the warm monomictic mixing regime that occurs in the absence of expansive ice cover suppresses diatom growth in Lake Erie's central basin. This project will provide synoptic data on the concentration of chlorophyll a in near-surface waters at stations throughout Lake Erie during the winter season.

Suppression of abundant winter diatom growth may have important implications for events occurring during summer in Lake Erie. The documentation of abundant winter diatom growth, combined with low measured rates of bacterial decomposition results in net accumulation of algae on the lake bottom. As summer progresses and the hypolimnion warms, bacterial remineralization of the exported diatom biomass accelerates, depleting the hypolimnion of oxygen. These observations are consistent with a new hypothesis on lake function, namely that winter phytoplankton production drives Lake Erie summer hypoxia. Oxygen depletion in Lake Erie's central basin is well documented with effects ranging from enhanced internal nutrient loading to loss of habitat for macrofauna. At its full expanse, the area can exceed 10,000 km2, comparable in surface area to the low oxygen 'dead zone' in the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, deviation from the high phytoplankton biomass accumulation associated with 'typical' winter ice cover may be reflected in higher hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen measured during summer. This research opportunity can help define environmental changes that might be expected in a warming climate.

For additional information see:
Collecting Winter Data on U.S. Coast Guard Icebreakers
Study Plan for the U.S. Coast Guard Survey of Lake Erie in Winter 2011-12



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Program Information

Laurentian Great Lakes Ecosystem Studies (Laurentian Great Lakes Ecosystem Studies)


Coverage: Laurentian Great Lakes


A series of studies concerned with the chemistry and biology of the Laurentian Great Lakes.  These different studies share a focus on the dynamics of organic pools of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the stoichiometric linkages among these elements. At different times, work also has focused on trace metal dynamics and interactions with biota, the rates of primary production and herbivory, rates and patterns of primary productivity, and the century-long, steady trend of increasing nitrate in Earth's largest lake by area.  Microbial populations have been investigated and linked to these chemical properties.

This Program was created by BCO-DMO staff to bring various Laurentian Great Lakes Research projects under one umbrella for improved discovery and access.

Dates: 1998 - 2014
Funding: NSF/OCE and Minnesota Sea Grant



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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