19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T862,

All data were collected with Mk10-PAT tags (Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA) attached to living Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) as described elsewhere (Gilly et al. 2006). Tags were programmed to sample at 0.5 Hz or 1 Hz. Tags deployed in Monterey Bay (CCS-1through CCS-6; deployed during OCE-0850839) were programmed to transmit time series data (75 s intervals = 0.01333 Hz) for depth, temperature and light to the Argos satellite system. Tags deployed in the Gulf of California (GOC-1 through GOC-6; deployed during OCE-0526640) were physically recovered, and the data were subsampled to match the 75 s interval of the CCS tags. This procedure was also carried out for tag CCS-6 that was recovered but never reported to Argos.

Mk10 PAT tags measure depth from 0 to 2000 m with a resolution of 0.5 m and temperature from 0 to +40 degrees C with a resolution of 0.05 degree C. The tags were used as supplied by the manufacturer without additional calibration.

References:
Gilly, W.F., Zeidberg, L.D., Booth, J.A.T, Stewart, J.S., Marshall, G., Abernathy, K., and Bell, L.E. 2012. Locomotion and behavior of Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, in relation to natural hypoxia in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 3175-3190. doi: 10.1242/jeb.072538.
Gilly, W.F., Markaida, U., Baxter, C.H., Block, B.A., Boustany, A., Zeidberg, L., Reisenbichler, K., Robinson, B., Bazzino, G., and Salinas, C. 2006. Vertical and horizontal migrations by the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas revealed by electronic tagging. Marine Ecology Press Series, 324, 1-17. doi: 10.3354/meps324001.
Stewart, J.S., Field, J.C., Markaida, U., and Gilly, W.F. 2013. Behavioral ecology of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in relation to oxygen minimum zones. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 95, 197-208. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.06.005.

1b:Td86,This project concerns the ecological physiology of Dosidicus gigas, a large squid endemic to the eastern Pacific where it inhabits both open ocean and continental shelf environments. Questions to be addressed include: 1) How does utilization of the OML by D. gigas vary on both a daily and seasonal basis, and how do the vertical distributions of the OML and its associated fauna vary? 2) What behaviors of squid are impaired by conditions found in the OML, and how are impairments compensated to minimize costs of utilizing this environment? and 3) What are the physiological and biochemical processes by which squid maintain swimming activity at such remarkable levels under low oxygen conditions? The investigators will use an integrated approach involving oceanographic, acoustic, electronic tagging, physiological and biochemical methods. D. gigas provides a trophic connection between small, midwater organisms and top vertebrate predators, and daily vertical migrations between near-surface waters and a deep, low-oxygen environment (OML) characterize normal behavior of adult squid. Electronic tagging has shown that this squid can remain active for extended periods in the cold, hypoxic conditions of the upper OML. Laboratory studies have demonstrated suppression of aerobic metabolism during a cold, hypoxic challenge, but anaerobic metabolism does not appear to account for the level of activity maintained. Utilization of the OML in the wild may permit daytime foraging on midwater organisms. Foraging also occurs near the surface at night, and Dosidicus may thus be able to feed continuously. D. gigas is present in different regions of the Guaymas Basin on a predicable year-round basis, allowing changes in squid distribution to be related to changing oceanographic features on a variety time scales. This research is of broad interest because Dosidicus gigas has substantially extended its range over the last decade, and foraging on commercially important finfish in invaded areas off California and Chile has been reported. In addition, the OML has expanded during the last several decades, mostly vertically by shoaling, including in the Gulf of Alaska, the Southern California Bight and several productive regions of tropical oceans, and a variety of ecological impacts will almost certainly accompany changes in the OML. Moreover, D. gigas currently supports the world's largest squid fishery, and this study will provide acoustic methods for reliable biomass estimates, with implications for fisheries management in Mexico and elsewhere. This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). This is a Collaborative Research project encompassing three NSF-OCE awards. Background Publications: Stewart, J.S., Field, J.C., Markaida, U., and Gilly, W.F. 2013. Behavioral ecology of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) in relation to oxygen minimum zones. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 95, 197-208. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.06.005. Gilly, W.F., Zeidberg, L.D., Booth, J.A.T, Stewart, J.S., Marshall, G., Abernathy, K., and Bell, L.E. 2012. Locomotion and behavior of Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, in relation to natural hypoxia in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 215, 3175-3190. doi: 10.1242/jeb.072538. Related Project: Physiological limits to vertical migrations of the pelagic, jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas in the Gulf of California1c:Tc41,Description from NSF award abstract: Inshore and open-ocean (pelagic) squid are the most athletic of all invertebrates. They are highly active, jet-propelled swimmers, have high metabolic rates and grow at a prodigious rate throughout their short life spans of one to two years. Such squid are abundant in all the world's oceans where they play important ecological roles as major predators. Adult squid serve as essential prey for many top predators, including sharks, tuna, billfish and marine mammals. In addition, squid are becoming increasingly important in commercial fisheries worldwide as they replace slow-growing fish, particularly where these stocks are being depleted. Dosidicus gigas, also known as the jumbo or Humboldt squid, is a true giant, reaching 2-3 m in overall length and over 50 kg in mass. It is widely distributed over the eastern Pacific, ranging from Chile to Canada and nearly to Hawaii at the equator. It forms the basis of a major commercial fishery, presently the third largest in Mexico. Despite the ecological and economic importance of D. gigas, little is known about its life history, behavior or physiology. Its large size and open-ocean habitat complicate traditional field and laboratory studies. This project focuses on integrative field and laboratory studies of D. gigas in the Gulf of California using recently developed techniques that facilitate such studies. Pilot tagging studies have revealed that D. gigas spends the daytime in cold, deep, oxygen-depleted water (~10 deg C at 300 meters) and migrates at night to shallow, aerated surface waters that can reach 30 deg C. Frequent rapid dives at night to daytime depths cover several hundred meters in minutes. It is a mystery how these large, metabolically active squid can tolerate the stress of chronic daytime hypoxia at depth. Conversely, warm surface waters also may present a stress that limits the time squid can spend in this zone. This proposal will employ electronic tagging to track vertical migrations of this pelagic predator and to monitor natural jetting and respiration at different depths. Oxygen consumption determined from these data, with calibrations provided by laboratory swim-tunnel experiments and biochemical indices of anaerobic metabolism, will provide a measure of the true energetic costs to the squid itself. Extreme low-light video methods will reveal natural behaviors over the range of a typical vertical migration, both day and night. Thus, this project will reveal what this remarkable squid is doing in its oceanic habitat, why it is doing it, and what physiological and biochemical adaptations permit these behaviors at some depths and preclude them at others. This study will greatly advance our understanding of the biology of D. gigas and provide a model for an integrated approach to studying the ecological physiology of other pelagic predators. It will also establish a life-history framework that will ultimately be necessary to manage this fishery at the ecosystem level in Mexico and elsewhere. Related Project: Hypoxia and the ecology, behavior and physiology of jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"471977","description":"

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) were tagged from 2004-2009 in the California Current System (CCS) and Gulf of California (GOC). Data include the amount of time spent per depth bin from each tagged squid. Daily histograms can be produced by adding up the counts per day for each depth bin. Each count in the count_night and count_day columns represents 75 seconds of time.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

Counts of presence in each 50 m depth bin were made from the 75 s time-series data using Matlab scripts. Each count represents a 75 s interval. Daytime and nighttime were defined by times of local sunrise and sunset (http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneYear.php). Time-at-depth histograms were computed from these data and reported as counts (75 s intervals) in 50 m depth bins for individual day and night periods. Note: Day 1 of deployment and the final day are not 24 hour days, because tag activation and pop-off occurred at arbitrary times.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Time-at-depth data (to generate histograms) from tagged jumbo squid from R/V R4107, R/V Pacific Storm, Chartered Vessels, R/V cruises in the Monterey Bay vicinity and Gulf of California from 2004-2009","nickname":"jumbo squid time-at-depth","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2013-11-22T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Time-at-depth data (to generate histograms) from tagged jumbo squid from R/V R4107, R/V Pacific Storm, Chartered Vessels, R/V cruises in the Monterey Bay vicinity and Gulf of California from 2004-2009","citation":"Gilly, W. (2013) Time-at-depth data (to generate histograms) from tagged jumbo squid from R/V R4107, R/V Pacific Storm, Chartered Vessels, R/V cruises in the Monterey Bay vicinity and Gulf of California from 2004-2009. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2013-11-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.471977.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.471977.1","versionDate":"2013-11-22","versionId":"1","year":"2013","title":"Time-at-depth data (to generate histograms) from tagged jumbo squid from R/V R4107, R/V Pacific Storm, Chartered Vessels, R/V cruises in the Monterey Bay vicinity and Gulf of California from 2004-2009","authors":"Gilly, W.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.471977.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2008-10-12T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2008-11-28T05:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1223784000","label":"2008-10-12"},"end":{"value":"1227848400","label":"2008-11-28"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":32.625,"longitude":-117.35},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-123.48 27.34, -111.22 27.34, -111.22 37.91, -123.48 37.91, -123.48 27.34))","north":37.91,"east":-111.22,"south":27.34,"west":-123.48},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"900001","title":"time_at_depth.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/471977/file/6YYMwPJs99B3O/time_at_depth.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/471977/data/view/900001","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 471977","filename":"time_at_depth.csv","bytesize":213730,"checksum":{"value":"0e9cf189b8f5fbfd9582d39eca65525b","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_471977","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51715","name":"William Gilly"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"133","name":"Stanford University"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"471957","name":"Gilly_Squid_CCS1","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2009-11-04T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2009-11-05T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"54288","name":"R/V R4107"},"chiefScientists":[]},{"_id":"472157","name":"Gilly_Squid_GOC1","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2007-03-13T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2007-03-13T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"472156","name":"R/V Pacific Storm"},"chiefScientists":[]},{"_id":"472155","name":"Gilly_Squid_GOC2","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2004-10-25T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2008-11-16T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"472154","name":"Chartered Vessel"},"chiefScientists":[]},{"_id":"472193","name":"Gilly_Squid_GOC3","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2008-11-16T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2008-11-16T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"472192","name":"R/V BIP XII"},"chiefScientists":[]}],"funding":[{"_id":"55203","name":"OCE-0850839","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0850839"},{"_id":"55226","name":"R/OPCFISH-06","fundingSource":{"_id":"402","name":"California Sea Grant"},"url":""},{"_id":"471705","name":"OCE-0526640","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0526640"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"471984","name":"MK10 PAT","description":"Mk10-PAT tags (Wildlife Computers, Redmond, WA) were programmed to sample at 0.5 Hz or 1 Hz. Tags deployed in Monterey Bay (CCS-1through CCS-6) were programmed to transmit time series data (75 s intervals = 0.01333 Hz) to the Argos satellite system. Tags deployed in the Gulf of California (GOC-1 through GOC-6) were physically recovered. Mk10 PAT tags measure depth from 0 to 2000 m with a resolution of 0.5 m and temperature from 0 to +40 degrees C with a resolution of 0.05 degree C. The tags were used as supplied by the manufacturer without additional calibration.","type_id":"471924","type_name":"Wildlife Computers Mk10 Pop-up Archival Tag (PAT)","type_desc":"The Pop-up Archival Transmitting (Mk10-PAT) tag, manufactured by Wildlife Computers, is a combination of archival and Argos satellite technology. It is designed to track the large-scale movements and behavior of fish and other animals which do not spend enough time at the surface to allow the use of real-time Argos satellite tags. The PAT can be configured to transmit time-at-depth and time-at-temperature histograms, depth-temperature profiles, and/or light-level curves. The histogram duration (1 to 24 hours) and bin ranges can also be configured. PAT archives depth, temperature, and light-level data while being towed by the animal. At a user-specified date and time, the PAT actively corrodes the pin to which the tether is attached, thus releasing the PAT from the animal. The PAT then floats to the surface and transmits summarized information via the Argos system. Argos also uses the transmitted messages to provide the position of the tag at the time of release.","type_acronym":"MK10 PAT"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"471989","name":"squid_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Unique squid identifier.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dimensionless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"471990","name":"tag_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Unique tag identifier.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dimensionless"},"type":{"_id":"991","name":"tagid","description":"

Animal tag identification, e.g. flipper tag

"}},{"_id":"471991","name":"descrip","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Description of sampling location and time of year. CCS = California Current System; GOC = Gulf of California.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dimensionless"},"type":{"_id":"759","name":"brief_desc","description":"

brief description, open ended, specific to the data set in which it appears

"}},{"_id":"471992","name":"dorsal_mantle_len","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Dorsal mantle length (DML).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"centimeters (cm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"471993","name":"date_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Year, month, and day when the tag was deployed on the squid in YYYYmmdd format.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1109","name":"date_begin","description":"

date sampling begins such as YYYYMMDD

"}},{"_id":"471994","name":"lat_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude at the time of deployment. Positive values = North.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"870","name":"lat_start","description":"

latitude at start time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)

"}},{"_id":"471995","name":"lon_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude at the time of deployment. Negative values = West.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"883","name":"lon_start","description":"

longitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees

"}},{"_id":"471996","name":"date_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Year, month, and day when the tag detached from the squid in YYYYmmdd format.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1110","name":"date_end","description":"

date sampling ends; as YYYYMMDD

"}},{"_id":"471997","name":"lat_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude at the time the tag detached. Positive values = North.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"869","name":"lat_end","description":"

latitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)

"}},{"_id":"471998","name":"lon_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude at the time the tag detached. Negative values = West.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"884","name":"lon_end","description":"

longitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)

"}},{"_id":"471999","name":"sampling_time","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Total number of sampling days.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"number of days"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"472000","name":"max_depth","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Maximum depth achieved by squid.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"1690","name":"depth_max","description":"

maximum depth sampled

"}},{"_id":"472001","name":"recovered","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Indicates if the tag was physically recovered.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"yes/no"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"472002","name":"deploy_day","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Day of total tag deployment starting on Day 1.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dimensionless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"472003","name":"depth_m","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Depth.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"472004","name":"count_night","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Number of counts spent in given temperature bin during nighttime (sunset to sunrise). Each count represents 75 seconds.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"Number of counts (1 count = 75 seconds)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"472005","name":"count_day","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Number of counts spent in given temperature bin during daytime (sunrise to sunset). Each count represents 75 seconds.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"Number of counts (1 count = 75 seconds)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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