19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T42e,

Fluid samples were collected from the water column close to the shallow-water venting sites and from the interstitial waters of all cores at 2 cm intervals. Fluids and gases were also sampled from the subaerial sites. Samples returned to the Geophysical Lab were analyzed to determine dissolved concentrations of: organic acids and a range of major anions/cations species (e.g. SO42-, PO42-, SNH3, NO3-, Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) including trace elements and metals. We used ion chromatography (Metrohm "MIC-3 Advanced IC, Metrosep A supp 7-250/16-250; C4- 250 columns). Fluids were analyzed for metal and trace element concentrations at the MC-ICP-MS facility of Prof. Michael Bizimis at the University of South Carolina.

Relevant References:

Mustafa Yücel, Stefan M. Sievert, Costantino Vetriani, Dionysis I. Foustoukos, Donato Giovannelli, Nadine Le Bris. Eco-geochemical dynamics of a shallow-water hydrothermal vent system at Milos Island, Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). Chemical Geology 356 (2013) 11-20.

1b:T132b,In this project we studied the shallow-water hydrothermal vent sites at Milos Island (Greece) to better understand the extent of autotrophic carbon fixation and its chemical and isotopic signature along environmental (redox/thermal) gradients. This was a 12-day long expedition (May 18 to 30, 2012) to sample vent fluids, gases and retrieve sediment cores at Paleochori Bay by using SCUBA diving at 8-10 m depth. In addition to the submarine vent sites, two subaerial locations of venting were identified at 36o 40' 28"N - 24o 31' 14" E and 36o 40' 25" N - 24o 30' 44" E. Both the subaerial and submarine sites are located on the same fracture zone that likely controls the hydrothermal circulation of evolved meteoritic water and seawater within the magmatic zone of Milos Island. To this end, the geochemistry of the fluids and gases emitted from subaerial sites provide important information towards identifying the linkage between the subaerial and submarine magmatic activity and provide insights on the metabolic functions (e.g. H2 oxidation, Fe(III) reduction, C and S cycling) of the subsurface microbial community. Abstract: Currently, there is only limited information on the identity and activity of the microorganisms carrying out CO2-fixation in situ, despite the fact that these organisms form the basis of their respective ecosystems. Representatives that are able to grow autotrophically are known to exist in almost all major groups of prokaryotes, and these organisms play essential roles in ecosystems by providing a continuous supply of organic carbon for heterotrophs. Microorganisms present in extreme environments utilize CO2- fixation pathways other than the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. At present, five alternative autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways are known. Different carbon fixation pathways result in distinct isotopic signatures of the produced biomass due to the isotopic discrimination between light (12C) and heavy (13C) carbon by the carboxylating enzymes. Thus, inferences about the carbon fixation pathway predominantly utilized by the microbial community can also be made based on the stable carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter, in extant systems as well as in the geological record. However, at present little is known about the systematics and extents of fractionation during carbon fixation by prokaryotic organisms, and to our knowledge no studies exist that have systematically studied the relationship between the operation of different carbon fixation pathways and how this is reflected in the stable carbon isotopic composition in a natural system. This is a 2-year interdisciplinary, international research program that employs a powerful combination of cutting-edge research tools aiming to improve our understanding of autotrophic carbon fixation and its chemical and isotopic signature along environmental gradients in a natural hydrothermal system. The following hypotheses are addressed: 1. The diversity of microorganisms present along a thermal and redox gradient, and rates of CO2 fixation, will reflect adaptation to in situ temperatures and geochemical conditions 2. Microorganisms utilizing the CBB cycle for autotrophic CO2-fixation will represent a smaller percentage of the chemolithoautotrophic community at higher temperatures, where microorganisms utilizing alternative CO2-fixation pathways dominate 3. Isotopic values of biomass and specific biomarker molecules will vary along a thermal and redox gradient from zones characterized by a higher hydrothermal fluid flux and thus higher temperatures to the surrounding, cooler areas, corresponding to the physiology of the microorganisms utilizing different pathways for carbon fixation The PIs will use a multidisciplinary approach to delineate the relative contribution of the different carbon fixation pathways along an environmental gradient by combining metagenomic analyses coupled with: 1) an assessment of the frequency and the expression of specific key genes involved in carbon fixation, and 2) with the measurement of carbon fixation rates. These data will be integrated with the determination of stable C isotopic composition of biomass, DIC, and specific hydrocarbons/lipids. Due to its easy accessibility, well-established environmental gradients, and extensive background information, the shallow-water vents off Milos (Greece) will be used as a natural laboratory to perform these studies. Intellectual Merit. The data generated in this study will allow constraints on the relationship between autotrophic carbon fixation and the resulting isotopic signatures of biomass and specific biomarker molecules (e.g. CH4, C2+ alkanes, lipids) in a natural system. This has implications for assessing the importance of carbon fixation in extant ecosystems, and it will also provide a tool to improve the interpretation of isotopic values in the geological record.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"474322","description":"

Data from samples collected at the shallow-water hydrothermal vent sites at Paleochori Bay, Milos Island, Greece, and includes the chemical composition (anion, cation, trace elements/metals) of vent fluids sampled.

This is also available at http://people.gl.ciw.edu/dfoustoukos/Site/Data_Repository.html

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Concentrations of anions, cations, and trace elements/metals from vents near Milos Island, Greece. from May 2012 (Hydrothermal Autotrophic Carbon Fixation project)","nickname":"Vent chemistry","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"2014-01-08","version_date":"2014-01-08T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"","citation":"Foustoukos, D. (2014) Concentrations of anions, cations, and trace elements/metals from vents near Milos Island, Greece. from May 2012 (Hydrothermal Autotrophic Carbon Fixation project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2014-01-08) Version Date 2014-01-08 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/474322 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/474322","versionDate":"2014-01-08","versionId":"2014-01-08","year":"2014","title":"Concentrations of anions, cations, and trace elements/metals from vents near Milos Island, Greece. from May 2012 (Hydrothermal Autotrophic Carbon Fixation project)","authors":"Foustoukos, D.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":null,"end":null},"temporal":{"resolution":"","type":"","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"point","center":{"latitude":36.7361,"longitude":24.6222},"wkt":" POINT (24.6222 36.7361)","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["Unknown"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"900044","title":"vent_chem.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/file/P66GwBXfoq4Woo/vent_chem.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/data/view/900044","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 474322","filename":"vent_chem.csv","bytesize":4081,"checksum":{"value":"b47acd181a5ddcf589ce2d12bfb8ecb3","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51518","name":"Dionysis Foustoukos"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"285","name":"Carnegie Institution for Science"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"50396","name":"Nancy Copley"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"474391","name":"Milos_vents_2012","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2012-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2012-05-30T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"474378","name":"shoreside Milos_vents"},"chiefScientists":[]}],"funding":[{"_id":"473891","name":"OCE-1123871","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1123871"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"474364","name":"temperature probe","description":"Hand-held temperature probe","type_id":"647","type_name":"Water Temperature Sensor","type_desc":"General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer).","type_acronym":"Water Temp Sensor"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"474327","name":"date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

sampling date

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mm/dd/yyyy"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"474328","name":"year","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

year of sampling

","units":{"_id":"","name":"yyyy"},"type":{"_id":"1062","name":"year","description":"

year, reported as YYYY, e.g. 1995

"}},{"_id":"474329","name":"month","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

month of sampling

","units":{"_id":"","name":"1 to 12"},"type":{"_id":"1115","name":"month","description":"

Month of year; numeric 1 to 12.

"}},{"_id":"474330","name":"day","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

day of sampling

","units":{"_id":"","name":"1 to 31"},"type":{"_id":"1113","name":"day","description":"

day of month; numeric 1 to 31

"}},{"_id":"474331","name":"yrday","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

yearday of sampling; e.g. 1.5 means January 1 at 1200 hours (noon time)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"1 to 365"},"type":{"_id":"1116","name":"yrday","description":"

day of year for a specified year; file dependent; year may be reported in the date parameter. This number may be a floating point value in which case, the fraction of the value represents the time within the day. We are tentatively defining the year day with the following attributes, although this is subject to change: Time, if specified by the fraction is in GMT (aka UTC); convention is that a value of 1.5 means January 1 at 1200 hours (noon time).

Please note the \"yrday\" term at BCO-DMO includes Seabird processing software's \"julianday\" which is the day of year not a true julian date which is the time elapsed in days from 00:00 on January 1st 4713 BC.
\nSeabird permalink: https://blog.seabird.com/ufaqs/in-sea-bird-software-is-noon-on-january-1-julian-day-0-5-or-julian-day-1-5/

"}},{"_id":"474332","name":"site","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

sample location identification

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1124","name":"site","description":"

Sampling site identification.

"}},{"_id":"474333","name":"lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

latitude; north is postive

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"474334","name":"lon","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

longitude; east is postive

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"474335","name":"distance","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

distance from the vent site

","units":{"_id":"","name":"centimeters"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474336","name":"depth_cm","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

sampling depth

","units":{"_id":"","name":"centimeters"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"474337","name":"sample_descrip","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

brief description of the sample name

","units":{"_id":"","name":"text"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"474338","name":"sample_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

sample code

","units":{"_id":"","name":"alphanumeric"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"474339","name":"temp","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

temperature at sampling location

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"474340","name":"activity","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

vent or subaerial

","units":{"_id":"","name":"text"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474341","name":"Li","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Lithium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474342","name":"Na","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sodium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474343","name":"NH4","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Ammonium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"901","name":"Ammonium","description":"

Ammonium and ammonia concentration parameters in any body of fresh or salt water.

"}},{"_id":"474344","name":"K","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Potassium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474345","name":"Mg_IC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Magnesium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474346","name":"Mg_USC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Magnesium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474347","name":"Ca_IC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Calcium ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474348","name":"Ca_USC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Calcium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474349","name":"Cl","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Chloride ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474350","name":"Br","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Bromide ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474351","name":"F","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Flouride ion concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"474352","name":"NO3","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Nitrate concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1194","name":"NO3","description":"

Nitrate concentration in the water column

"}},{"_id":"474353","name":"PO4","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Phosphate concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"937","name":"PO4","description":"

Orthophosphate (phosphate, reactive phosphorus), Various units.

"}},{"_id":"474354","name":"SO4","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sulphate concentration as measured by the ICW lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles"},"type":{"_id":"1904","name":"SO4","description":"

Concentration or quantity of sulfate (SO4)

"}},{"_id":"474366","name":"Sr","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Strontium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474367","name":"Cs","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Cesium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474368","name":"Rb","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Rubidium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474369","name":"Ba","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Barium ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1985","name":"Ba","description":"

Ba (Barium). May be reported in parts per million, nanomoles per Liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

"}},{"_id":"474370","name":"Mn","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Manganese ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474371","name":"Fe","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Iron ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1981","name":"Fe","description":"

Iron (Fe). Concentrations may be reported in parts per million, nanomoles per liter, or other units. Refer to dataset metadata for units.

"}},{"_id":"474372","name":"Ni","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Nickel ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474373","name":"Cu","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Copper ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"474374","name":"Si","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Silicon ion concentration as measured by the USC lab

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles"},"type":{"_id":"1945","name":"trace_metal_conc","description":"

Concentration of a trace metal in seawater. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/474322/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[{"_id":"554979","name":"Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations","acronym":"C-DEBI"}],"projects":[{"_id":"473892","name":"Autotrophic carbon fixation at a shallow-water hydrothermal system: Constraining microbial activity, isotopic and geochemical regimes","acronym":"Hydrothermal Autotrophic Carbon Fixation","description":"$1b"}],"archives":[],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":277},"downloads":{"count":299}}}}]