http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/489014
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2014-01-29
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau collected from small boats in the Palauan archipelago from 2011-2013
2015-06-23
publication
2015-06-23
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-11-14
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.489014.1
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Samantha J. de Putron
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Kristopher Karnauskas
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Daniel C. McCorkle
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Ann M. Tarrant
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Cohen, A., de Putron, S., Karnauskas, K., McCorkle, D., Tarrant, A. (2015) Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau collected from small boats in the Palauan archipelago from 2011-2013. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2015-06-23 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.489014.1 [access date]
Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau, 2011-2013. Dataset Description: <p>Seawater carbonate chemistry is reported from samples collected at 13 different coral reef sites in Palau from September 2011 to November 2013.</p>
<p>For more information, see main article and supporting information (including figures and tables) from:<br />
Barkley, H.C., A.L. Cohen, Y. Golbuu, V.R. Starczak, T.M. DeCarlo, K.E.F. Shamberger. 2015. Changes in coral reef communities across a natural gradient in seawater pH. <em>Science Advances</em>, 1, e1500328. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500328" target="_blank">10.1126/sciadv.1500328 </a></p>
<p>DeCarlo, T.M., A.L. Cohen, H.C. Barkley, Q. Cobban, C. Young, C., K.E.F. Shamberger, R.E. Brainard, Y. Golbuu. 2015. Coral macrobioerosion is accelerated by ocean acidification and nutrients. <em>Geology</em>, 43, 7-10. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G36147.1" target="_blank">10.1130/G36147.1 </a></p>
<p>Shamberger, K. E. F., A. L. Cohen, Y. Golbuu, D. C. McCorkle, S. J. Lentz, and H. C. Barkley. 2014. Diverse coral communities in naturally acidified waters of a Western Pacific Reef, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41. DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058489" target="_blank">10.1002/2013GL058489</a>.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Surface water samples (0-3m, n=195) for salinity, nutrients, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were collected from reef sites throughout the Palauan archipelago at multiple time points between sunrise and sunset on September 19-24, 2011; March 28-April 7, 2012; December 7-9, 2012; and November 1-15, 2013 (detailed water sampling procedure in Shamberger et al. (2014)). Sampling was performed from small boats taken out daily from the Palau International Coral Reef Center (PICRC).</p>
<p>In situ temperature was measured in 2011 with TidbiT v2 water temperature data loggers produced by Onset with a manufacturer stated accuracy of 0.2 degrees C, in 2012 with a RBR XR-620 CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/-0.002 degrees C, and in 2013 with a Sontek Castaway CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/-0.05 degrees C. Surface water (0-3 m) samples were collected multiple times a day between sunrise and sunset and on 3-9 separate days for each site from a Niskin bottle into 300 ml glass bottles (TA/DIC) and 125 ml glass bottles (salinity). Approximately 5 ml were removed from each bottle to allow headspace for expansion and each TA/DIC sample was poisoned with 50 ul saturated mercuric chloride solution immediately after collection to inhibit biological activity and then sealed with screw tops and tape.</p>
<p>TA and DIC analyses were performed using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA, Marianda Analytics and Data), which uses open cell potentiometric (TA) and coulometric (DIC) titrations, and standardized using certified reference materials obtained from Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Dickson 2001, Dickson et al. 2007). Analysis of replicate samples (n=13) showed a mean precision of ~2 umol/kg for TA and ~1 umol/kg for DIC.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1041106 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1041106
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1220529 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220529
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1031971 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1031971
completed
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2958
Geology & Geophysics 266 Woods Hole Rd MS #23
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
acohen@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Samantha J. de Putron
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
441-297-1880 ext. 261
17 Biological Station St. George's GE01
Bermuda
samantha.deputron@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Kristopher Karnauskas
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3320
266 Woods Hole Rd. Clark 117 (MS# 23)
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
kkarnauskas@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Daniel C. McCorkle
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2949
Geology & Geophysics 266 Woods Hole Rd MS #08
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
dmccorkle@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Ann M. Tarrant
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3398
Biology Department 266 Woods Hole Rd MS #33
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
atarrant@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
site_name
lat
lon
date
time
TA
DIC
sal
temp
pH
pCO2
CO2_diss
bicarbonate
carbonate
omega_Ca
omega_Ar
NH4
PO4
NO3_NO2
Niskin bottle
Water Temperature Sensors
VINDTA
theme
None, User defined
site
latitude
longitude
date_local
time_local
total alkalinity (TA)
dissolved inorganic Carbon
salinity
water temperature
pH
Partial pressure of CO2
No BCO-DMO term
bicarbonate concentration [HCO3]-
Carbonate concentration [CO3]2-
Calcite Saturation State
Aragonite Saturation State
Ammonium
reactive phosphorus (PO4)
nitrate plus nitrite
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
Water Temperature Sensor
MARIANDA VINDTA 3C total inorganic carbon and titration alkalinity analyser
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
Palau_reefs_2011-13
service
Deployment Activity
Palauan archipelago
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA)
https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503477
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA)
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011NSF 12-500, FY 2012NSF 12-600, FY 2013NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Discovery nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) Discoveries - Trouble in Paradise: Ocean Acidification This Way Comes - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 12-179 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: Finding New Answers Through National Science Foundation Research Grants - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
Press Release 13-108 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Natural Underwater Springs Show How Coral Reefs Respond to Ocean Acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-148 Ocean acidification: Making new discoveries through National Science Foundation research grants
Press Release 13-148 - Video nsf.gov - News - Video - NSF Ocean Sciences Division Director David Conover answers questions about ocean acidification. - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-010 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Palau's coral reefs surprisingly resistant to ocean acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-116 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: NSF awards $11.4 million in new grants to study effects on marine ecosystems - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
SEES-OA
largerWorkCitation
program
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA)
https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503477
Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES): Ocean Acidification (formerly CRI-OA)
NSF Climate Research Investment (CRI) activities that were initiated in 2010 are now included under Science, Engineering and Education for Sustainability NSF-Wide Investment (SEES). SEES is a portfolio of activities that highlights NSF's unique role in helping society address the challenge(s) of achieving sustainability. Detailed information about the SEES program is available from NSF (https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=504707).
In recognition of the need for basic research concerning the nature, extent and impact of ocean acidification on oceanic environments in the past, present and future, the goal of the SEES: OA program is to understand (a) the chemistry and physical chemistry of ocean acidification; (b) how ocean acidification interacts with processes at the organismal level; and (c) how the earth system history informs our understanding of the effects of ocean acidification on the present day and future ocean.
Solicitations issued under this program:NSF 10-530, FY 2010-FY2011NSF 12-500, FY 2012NSF 12-600, FY 2013NSF 13-586, FY 2014
NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
NSF media releases for the Ocean Acidification Program:
Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels "Hang On" Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Discovery nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) Discoveries - Trouble in Paradise: Ocean Acidification This Way Comes - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 12-179 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: Finding New Answers Through National Science Foundation Research Grants - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
Press Release 13-108 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Natural Underwater Springs Show How Coral Reefs Respond to Ocean Acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-148 Ocean acidification: Making new discoveries through National Science Foundation research grants
Press Release 13-148 - Video nsf.gov - News - Video - NSF Ocean Sciences Division Director David Conover answers questions about ocean acidification. - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-010 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Palau's coral reefs surprisingly resistant to ocean acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-116 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: NSF awards $11.4 million in new grants to study effects on marine ecosystems - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
SEES-OA
largerWorkCitation
program
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/2183
An Investigation of the Role of Nutrition in the Coral Calcification Response to Ocean Acidification
<p><i>The project description is a modification of the original NSF award abstract.</i></p>
<p>This research project is part of the larger NSF funded CRI-OA collaborative research initiative and was funded as an Ocean Acidification-Category 1, 2010 award. Over the course of this century, all tropical coral reef ecosystems, whether fringing heavily populated coastlines or lining remote islands and atolls, face unprecedented threat from ocean acidification caused by rising levels of atmospheric CO2. In many laboratory experiments conducted to date, calcium carbonate production (calcification) by scleractinian (stony) corals showed an inverse correlation to seawater saturation state OMEGAar), whether OMEGAar was manipulated by acid or CO2 addition. Based on these data, it is predicted that coral calcification rates could decline by up to 80% of modern values by the end of this century. A growing body of new experimental data however, suggests that the coral calcification response to ocean acidification may be less straightforward and a lot more variable than previously recognized. In at least 10 recent experiments including our own, 8 different tropical and temperate species reared under nutritionally-replete but significantly elevated CO2 conditions (780-1200 ppm, OMEAGar ~1.5-2), continued to calcify at rates comparable to conspecifics reared under ambient CO2. These experimental results are consistent with initial field data collected on reefs in the eastern Pacific and southern Oman, where corals today live and accrete their skeletons under conditions equivalent to 2X and 3X pre-industrial CO2. On these high CO2, high nutrient reefs (where nitrate concentrations typically exceed 2.5 micro-molar), coral growth rates rival, and sometimes even exceed, those of conspecifics in low CO2, oligotrophic reef environments.</p>
<p>The investigators propose that a coral's energetic status, tightly coupled to the availability of inorganic nutrients and/or food, is a key factor in the calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Their hypothesis, if confirmed by the proposed laboratory investigations, implies that predicted changes in coastal and open ocean nutrient concentrations over the course of this century, driven by both climate impacts on ocean stratification and by increased human activity in coastal regions, could play a critical role in exacerbating and in some areas, modulating the coral reef response to ocean acidification. This research program builds on the investigators initial results and observations. The planned laboratory experiments will test the hypothesis that: (1) The coral calcification response to ocean acidification is linked to the energetic status of the coral host. The relative contribution of symbiont photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding to a coral's energetic status varies amongst species. Enhancing the energetic status of corals reared under high CO2, either by stimulating photosynthesis with inorganic nutrients or by direct heterotrophic feeding of the host lowers the sensitivity of calcification to decreased seawater OMEGAar; (2) A species-specific threshold CO2 level exists over which enhanced energetic status can no longer compensate for decreased OMEGAar of the external seawater. Similarly, we will test the hypothesis that a nutrient threshold exists over which nutrients become detrimental for calcification even under high CO2 conditions; and (3) Temperature-induced reduction of algal symbionts is one stressor that can reduce the energetic reserve of the coral host and exacerbate the calcification response to ocean acidification.</p>
<p>The investigator's initial findings highlight the critical importance of energetic status in the coral calcification response to ocean acidification. Verification of these findings in the laboratory, and identification of nutrient and CO2 thresholds for a range of species will have immediate, direct impact on predictions of reef resilience in a high CO2 world. The research project brings together a diverse group of expertise in coral biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, molecular biology and coral reproductive ecology to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance.</p>
OA Nutrition and Coral Calcification
largerWorkCitation
project
Toward Predicting the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Net Calcification by a Broad Range of Coral Reef Ecosystems: Identifying Patterns and Underlying Causes
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/520413
Toward Predicting the Impact of Ocean Acidification on Net Calcification by a Broad Range of Coral Reef Ecosystems: Identifying Patterns and Underlying Causes
<p><em><strong>text copied from the NSF award abstract: </strong></em></p>
<p>Much of our understanding of the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef calcification comes from laboratory manipulation experiments in which reef organisms are removed from their natural habitat and reared under conditions of calcium carbonate saturation (Omega) predicted for the tropical oceans at the end of this century. By comparison, there is a paucity of in situ data describing the sensitivity of coral reef ecosystems to changes in calcium carbonate saturation. Yet emerging evidence suggests there may be critical differences between the calcification response of organisms in culture and the net calcification response of a coral reef ecosystem, to the same degree of change in calcium carbonate saturation. In the majority of cases, the sensitivity of net reef calcification to changing calcium carbonate saturation is more severe than laboratory manipulation experiments predict. Clearly, accurate predictions of the response of coral reef ecosystems to 21st century ocean acidification will depend on a robust characterization of ecosystem-scale responses and an understanding of the fundamental processes that shape them. Using existing data, the investigators show that the sensitivity of coral reef ecosystem calcification to Delta calcium carbonate saturation conforms to the empirical rate equation R=k(Aragonite saturation state -1)n, which also describes the relationship between the rate of net abiogenic CaCO3 precipitation (R) and the degree of Aragonite supersaturation (Aragonite saturation state-1). By implication, the net ecosystem calcification (NEC) response to ocean acidification is governed by fundamental laws of physical chemistry and is potentially predictable across space and time. When viewed this way, the existing, albeit sparse, dataset of NEC reveals distinct patterns that, if verified, have important implications for how different coral reef ecosystems will respond to 21st century ocean acidification. The investigators have outlined a research program designed to build on this proposition. The project expands the currently sparse dataset of ecosystem-scale observations at four strategically placed reef sites: 2 sites in the Republic of Palau, Caroline Islands, Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean; a third at Dongsha Atoll, Pratas Islands, South China Sea; and the fourth at Kingman Reef, US Northern Line Islands, 6 deg. 23 N, 162 deg. 25 W. The four selected sites will allow investigators to test the following hypotheses: (1) The sensitivity ("n" in the rate equation) of coral reef ecosystem calcification to Delta Aragonite saturation state decreases with decreasing Aragonite saturation state. By implication, the rate at which reef calcification declines will slow as ocean acidification progresses over the course of this century. (2) The energetic status of the calcifying community is a key determinant of absolute rates of net ecosystem calcification ("k" in the rate equation), which, combined with n, defines the Aragonite saturation state value at which NEC approaches zero. By implication, the shift from net calcification to net dissolution will be delayed in healthy, energetically replete coral reef ecosystems and accelerated in perturbed, energetically depleted ecosystems. and (3) The calcification response of individual colonies of dominant reef calcifiers (corals and algae) is weaker than the measured ecosystem-scale response to the same change in Aragonite saturation state. By implication, processes not adequately captured in laboratory experiments, such as bioerosion and dissolution, will play an important role in the coral reef response to ocean acidification.</p>
<p><em>Broader Impacts</em>: Ocean acidification threatens the livelihoods of 500 million people worldwide who depend on coral reefs to provide habitable and agricultural land, food, building materials, coastal protection and income from tourism. Yet data emerging from ocean acidification (OA) studies point to critical gaps in our knowledge of reef ecosystem-scale responses to OA that currently limit our ability to predict the timing and severity of its impact on different reefs in different parts of the world. Using existing data generated by the investigators and others, this project will address a series of related hypotheses, which, if verified by the research, will have an immediate, direct impact on predictions of coral reef resilience in a high CO2 world. This project brings together expertise in coral reef biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography and physical oceanography to focus on a problem that has enormous societal, economic and conservation relevance. In addition to sharing the resultant data via BCO-DMO, project data will also be contributed to the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC) data collection hosted at the PANGAEA Open Access library (<a href="http://www.pangaea.de">http://www.pangaea.de</a>).</p>
Coral Reef Ecosystem OA Impact
largerWorkCitation
project
Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/560428
Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
Sea surface temperature (SST) across much of the global tropics has increased by 0.5-1 degrees C in the past 4 decades and, with it, the frequency and geographic extent of coral bleaching events and reef mortality. As levels of atmospheric CO2 continue to rise, there is mounting concern that CO2-induced climate change will pose the single greatest threat to the survival of coral reefs. Averaged output of 21 IPCC climate models for a mid-range CO2 emissions scenario predicts that tropical SSTs will increase another 1.5-3 degrees C by the end of this century. Combined with current estimates of thermal thresholds for coral bleaching, the outlook for the future of coral-reef ecosystems, worldwide, appears bleak. There are several key issues that limit accurate predictions of the full and lasting impact of rising SSTs. These include (1) level of confidence in the spatial and temporal patterns of the predicted warming, (2) knowledge of thermal thresholds of different reef-building coral species, and (3) the potential for corals to increase resistance to thermal stress through repeated exposure to high temperature events.</p>
<p>New skeletal markers have been developed that constrain the thermal thresholds and adaptive potential of multiple, individual coral colonies across 3-D space and through time. The method, based on 3-D CAT scan reconstructions of coral skeletons, has generated initial data from two coral species in the Red Sea, Great Barrier Reef and Phoenix Islands. Results showed that large, abrupt declines in skeletal growth occur at thresholds of accumulated heat stress defined by NOAA's Degree Heating Weeks Index (DHWs). In addition, there was a significant correlation between host lipid reserve, an independent measure of stress and mortality risk, and rates of skeletal growth. Because the coral skeleton archives the history of each coral's response to and recovery from successive, documented thermal anomalies, this approach pinpoints the thermal thresholds for sub-lethal impacts, the recovery time (if any) following a return to normal oceanographic conditions, and tests for a dampened response following successive events, indicative of acclimation.</p>
<p>This research program builds on initial work, focusing on method refinement and application to corals on two central Pacific reefs. With contrasting thermal histories, these reefs are considered at greatest risk from future ocean warming. In parallel, new experiments will be run on an ocean general-circulation model (OGCM) that is well suited to the tropical Pacific and of sufficiently high resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to maximize projections of thermal stress on specific central Pacific Reef sites over the next few decades. The OGCM output will also be of sufficient temporal resolution to compute DHWs, thus addressing a major limitation of the direct application of global climate model output (as archived for the IPCC AR4) toward coral-reef studies. Specifically, this study will: (1) collect multiple new, medium-length (15-30 yrs) cores and branches from two dominant reef-building species at 1-30m depth in the Gilbert and Jarvis Islands, central tropical Pacific; (2) apply 3-D CAT scanning and image analysis techniques to quantify systematically thermal thresholds, rates of recovery and resilience for each species, at each reef site and with depth; (3) quantify energetic reserve and symbiont genotype amongst thermally more- and less- resilient colonies, establishing a quantitative link between calcification stress and mortality risk, and determining the physiological basis for calcification responses to thermal stress; (4) use an OGCM specifically tailored to the tropical Pacific to produce a dynamically consistent set of forecasts for near-term climate change at the target reef sites; and (5) combine coral data with model output and refine the projected thermal stress forecast, in degree heating weeks, for corals in this central Pacific Island group over the 21st century.</p>
Thermal Thresholds and Projections
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Palauan archipelago
134.349
134.557
7.158
7.577
2011-09-19
2013-11-12
From projects that focused on the following 2 locations: 1. global; experimental 2. Republic of Palau, Caroline Islands, Micronesia, western Pacific Ocean; Dongsha Atoll, Pratas Islands, South China Sea; Kingman Reef, US Northern Line Islands, 6 deg. 23 N, 162 deg. 25 W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Seawater carbonate chemistry from 13 sites in Palau collected from small boats in the Palauan archipelago from 2011-2013
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489025.rdf
Name: site_name
Units: dimensionless
Description: Name of the site.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489027.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: Latitude of the sampling location.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489028.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: Longitude of the sampling location.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489029.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: Date (as year-month-day); in local time zone. in YYYYmmdd format.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489030.rdf
Name: time
Units: HHMM
Description: Time (hours and minutes); 24-hour clock; local time zone.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489031.rdf
Name: TA
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: Total alkalinity.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489032.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: Dissolved inorganic carbon.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489033.rdf
Name: sal
Units: dimensionless
Description: Salinity.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489034.rdf
Name: temp
Units: degrees Celsius ( C)
Description: Water temperature.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489035.rdf
Name: pH
Units: dimensionless
Description: pH.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489036.rdf
Name: pCO2
Units: micro-atmospheres (uatm)
Description: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489037.rdf
Name: CO2_diss
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489038.rdf
Name: bicarbonate
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) concentration.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489039.rdf
Name: carbonate
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: Carbonate ion (CO3-) concentration.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489040.rdf
Name: omega_Ca
Units: dimensionless
Description: The saturation state of seawater with respect to calcite.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/489041.rdf
Name: omega_Ar
Units: dimensionless
Description: The saturation state of seawater with respect to aragonite.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560805.rdf
Name: NH4
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: Ammonium (NH4+) concentration.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560806.rdf
Name: PO4
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: Phosphate (PO4---) concentration.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/560807.rdf
Name: NO3_NO2
Units: micromolar (uM)
Description: Nitrate/nitrite (NO3-/NO2-) concentration.
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
36477
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24838/1/dataset-489014_palau-carbonate-chemistry__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.489014.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Surface water samples (0-3m, n=195) for salinity, nutrients, total alkalinity (TA), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were collected from reef sites throughout the Palauan archipelago at multiple time points between sunrise and sunset on September 19-24, 2011; March 28-April 7, 2012; December 7-9, 2012; and November 1-15, 2013 (detailed water sampling procedure in Shamberger et al. (2014)). Sampling was performed from small boats taken out daily from the Palau International Coral Reef Center (PICRC).</p>
<p>In situ temperature was measured in 2011 with TidbiT v2 water temperature data loggers produced by Onset with a manufacturer stated accuracy of 0.2 degrees C, in 2012 with a RBR XR-620 CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/-0.002 degrees C, and in 2013 with a Sontek Castaway CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/-0.05 degrees C. Surface water (0-3 m) samples were collected multiple times a day between sunrise and sunset and on 3-9 separate days for each site from a Niskin bottle into 300 ml glass bottles (TA/DIC) and 125 ml glass bottles (salinity). Approximately 5 ml were removed from each bottle to allow headspace for expansion and each TA/DIC sample was poisoned with 50 ul saturated mercuric chloride solution immediately after collection to inhibit biological activity and then sealed with screw tops and tape.</p>
<p>TA and DIC analyses were performed using a Versatile Instrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA, Marianda Analytics and Data), which uses open cell potentiometric (TA) and coulometric (DIC) titrations, and standardized using certified reference materials obtained from Andrew Dickson (Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Dickson 2001, Dickson et al. 2007). Analysis of replicate samples (n=13) showed a mean precision of ~2 umol/kg for TA and ~1 umol/kg for DIC.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>The full seawater CO2 system was calculated using salinity, temperature, TA, and DIC data using an Excel Workbook Visual Basic for Applications translation of the original CO2SYS program (Lewis and Wallace, 1998) by Pelletier, Lewis, and Wallace at the Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA. The CO2SYS program was run with carbonate constants from Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987).</p>
<p>See the supplementary information from Shamberger et al. (2014) for more information (DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058489" target="_blank">10.1002/2013GL058489</a>).</p>
<p>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<br />
- Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.<br />
- Separated date/time field into separate columns.<br />
- Replaced blanks (missing data) with 'nd' to indicate 'no data'.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Surface water (0-3 m) samples were collected multiple times a day between sunrise and sunset and on 3-9 separate days for each site from a Niskin bottle into 300 ml glass bottles (TA/DIC) and 125 ml glass bottles (salinity). Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Water Temperature Sensors
Water Temperature Sensors
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensors PI Supplied Instrument Description:In 2011, in situ temperature was measured with TidbiT v2 water temperature data loggers produced by Onset with a manufacturer stated accuracy of 0.2 degrees C. In 2012, in situ temperature was measured with a RBR XR-620 CTD with a manufacturer stated temperature accuracy of +/- 0.002 degrees C.
Information from the manufacturers:TidbiT v2 Temperature Data LoggerRBR XR-620 Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
VINDTA
VINDTA
PI Supplied Instrument Name: VINDTA PI Supplied Instrument Description:TA and DIC analyses were performed with a Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA) produced by Marianda Marine Analytics and Data. The VINDTA uses coulometric titration for DIC analysis and an open cell potentiometric titration for TA analysis. Instrument Name: MARIANDA VINDTA 3C total inorganic carbon and titration alkalinity analyser Instrument Short Name:inorganic carbon and alkalinity analyser Instrument Description: The Versatile INstrument for the Determination of Total inorganic carbon and titration Alkalinity (VINDTA) 3C is a laboratory alkalinity titration system combined with an extraction unit for coulometric titration, which simultaneously determines the alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon content of a sample. The sample transport is performed with peristaltic pumps and acid is added to the sample using a membrane pump. No pressurizing system is required and only one gas supply (nitrogen or dry and CO2-free air) is necessary. The system uses a Metrohm Titrino 719S, an ORION-Ross pH electrode and a Metrohm reference electrode. The burette, the pipette and the analysis cell have a water jacket around them. Precision is typically +/- 1 umol/kg for TA and/or DIC in open ocean water. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0481/
Cruise: Palau_reefs_2011-13
Palau_reefs_2011-13
PICRC Small Boats
vessel
Palau_reefs_2011-13
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
PICRC Small Boats
vessel