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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/535266.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Respiration of brooded coral larvae at high and ambient temperature and pCO2, Taiwan, March 2011 (Cumbo et al, JEMBE, 2013) (MCR LTER &amp; Climate Coral Larvae projects)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Edmunds, P. J., Fan, T., Cumbo, V. R. (2014) Respiration of brooded coral larvae at high and ambient temperature and pCO2, Taiwan, March 2011 (Cumbo et al, JEMBE, 2013) (MCR LTER &amp; Climate Coral Larvae projects). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2014-10-07 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/535266 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Respiration of brooded coral larvae at high and ambient temperature and pCO2, March 2011 (Cumbo et al, JEMBE, 2013) Dataset Description:  Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Larval respiration was measured in a confined respirometer use a Ruthenium-based optrode (FOXY-R, 1.58 diameter, Ocean Optics) connected to a spectrophotometer (USB2000, Ocean Optics) and interfaced with a computer running the manufacturers software (OOISensor, version 1.00.08). The optrode was calibrated using a zero solution (0.01 M Na2B4O7·10H2O supersaturated with Na2SO3) and 100% air saturation usingwater-saturated air at the treatment temperature. Tomeasure respiration, 6 larvae were removed from the tubs in the treatment tanks and placed into 2-mL glass Wheaton vials filled with filtered seawater from the same treatment tank and sealed with Parafilm. A study conducted concurrently with the present analysis demonstrated that respiration of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;P. damicornis&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; larvae in identical vials could be measured accurately with 5 larvae vial-1 (Edmunds et al., 2011).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Initial O2 concentration in the seawater was determined before the vials were sealed, and vials without larvae used as controls. Larvae in the sealed vials were incubated at their temperature treatments for 1.5-2 h in the dark using water baths set to the temperature of the respective treatments (±0.1 °C, Hipoint, models LC-06 and LC-10); vials were carefully moved throughout the incubations to ensure the seawater remained mixed. Incubation timeswere selected to ensure O2 concentrations remained &amp;amp;gt;75% saturation. On completion of the incubations, vials were removed from the water baths, gently inverted to mix the seawater, and analyzed for O2 saturation. O2 saturation was converted to concentration using tabulated values of O2 solubility (N. Ramsing and J. Gundersen at http://www.unisense.com [based on Garcia and Gordon, 1992]) and the temperature and salinity of the seawater, and the change in O2 concentration used to calculate O2 flux after adjusting for controls. The respiration rates are expressed as nmol O2 mg protein-1 min-1.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The 'ambient' and 'high' pCO2 levels:&amp;amp;nbsp;49.4 Pa versus 86.2 Pa&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
The 'ambient' and 'high' temperatures: 24.00 °C [ambient] versus 30.49 °C&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data also available from PANGAEA:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/55016.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-0844785" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0844785 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0844785</gmx:Anchor>
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&lt;p&gt;Coral reefs provide important benefits to society, from food to exceptional biodiversity to shoreline protection and recreation, but they are threatened by natural perturbations and human activities, including those causing global-scale changes. These pressures increasingly are causing coral reefs to undergo large, often abrupt, ecological changes where corals are being replaced by seaweeds or other undesirable organisms. Historically, the major agent of disturbance to coral reefs has been powerful storms, but in recent decades, episodes of mass coral bleaching from marine heat waves have become more frequent and severe as the temperature of ocean surface waters continues to rise. Coral reefs are further stressed by local human activities that cause nutrient pollution and deplete herbivorous fishes that control growth of seaweeds. Studying how coral reefs respond to these two types of disturbance under different levels of nutrient pollution and fishing provides essential information on what affects the ability of coral reefs to buffer environmental change and disturbances without collapsing to a persistent, degraded condition. The fundamental goals of the Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research program (MCR LTER) are to understand how and why coral reefs change over time, to assess the consequences of these changes, and to contribute scientific knowledge needed to sustain coral reef ecosystems and the important societal services they provide. This research improves understanding and management of coral reefs, which benefits all groups concerned with the welfare of this ecologically, economically and culturally important ecosystem. In addition to academic communities, scientific findings are communicated to interested individuals, non-governmental organizations, island communities and governmental entities. These findings also are integrated into K-12, undergraduate, graduate and public education activities through a multi-pronged program that includes inquiry-based curricula, interactive and media-based public education programs, and internet-based resources. MCR?s research, training, education and outreach efforts all emphasize broadening participation in STEM fields and strengthening STEM literacy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;New research activities build on MCR LTER?s powerful foundation of long-term observations and broad ecological understanding of oceanic coral reefs to address the following core issues: How is the changing disturbance regime (recurrent heat waves in addition to cyclonic storms) altering the resilience of coral reefs, and what are the ecological consequences of altered resilience? Research activities are organized around a unifying framework that explicitly addresses how reef communities are affected by the nature and history of coral-killing disturbances, and how those responses to disturbance are influenced by the pattern of local human stressors. New studies answer three focal questions: (1) How do different disturbance types, which either remove (storms) or retain (heat waves) dead coral skeletons, affect community dynamics, abrupt changes in ecological state, and resilience? (2) How do local stressors interact with new disturbance regimes to create spatial heterogeneity in community dynamics, ecosystem processes, and spatial resilience? And (3) What attributes of coral and coral reef communities influence their capacity to remain resilient under current and future environmental conditions? These questions provide an unparalleled opportunity to test hypotheses and advance theory regarding ecological resilience and the causes and consequences of abrupt ecological change, which is broadly relevant across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;From &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lternet.edu/sites/mcr/&quot;&gt;http://www.lternet.edu/sites/mcr/&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://mcr.lternet.edu/&quot;&gt;http://mcr.lternet.edu/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;
The Moorea Coral Reef LTER site encompasses the coral reef complex that surrounds the island of Moorea, French Polynesia (17°30'S, 149°50'W). Moorea is a small, triangular volcanic island 20 km west of Tahiti in the Society Islands of French Polynesia. An offshore barrier reef forms a system of shallow (mean depth ~ 5-7 m), narrow (~0.8-1.5 km wide) lagoons around the 60 km perimeter of Moorea. All major coral reef types (e.g., fringing reef, lagoon patch reefs, back reef, barrier reef and fore reef) are present and accessible by small boat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The MCR LTER was established in 2004 by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and is a partnership between the University of California Santa Barbara and California State University, Northridge. MCR researchers include marine scientists from the UC Santa Barbara, CSU Northridge, UC Davis, UC Santa Cruz, UC San Diego, CSU San Marcos, Duke University and the University of Hawaii. Field operations are conducted from the UC Berkeley Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research Station on the island of Moorea, French Polynesia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MCR LTER Data:&lt;/strong&gt; The Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER data are managed by and available directly from the MCR project data site URL shown above.  The datasets listed below were collected at or near the MCR LTER sampling locations, and funded by NSF OCE as ancillary projects related to the MCR LTER core research themes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;This project is supported by continuing grants with slight name variations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LTER: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LTER: MCR II - Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LTER: MCR IIB: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LTER: MCR III: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;LTER: MCR IV: Long-Term Dynamics of a Coral Reef Ecosystem&lt;/li&gt;
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                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/project/2235.rdf" xlink:title="Project" xlink:actuate="onRequest">The ecophysiological basis of the response of coral larvae and early life history stages to global climate change</gmx:Anchor>
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                            <gco:CharacterString>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:13px&quot;&gt;Tropical coral reefs face a suite of environmental assaults ranging from anchor damage to the effects of global climate change (GCC). The consequences are evident throughout the tropics, where many coral reefs have lost a substantial fraction of their coral cover in a few decades. Notwithstanding the importance of reducing the impacts of environmental stresses, the only means by which these ecosystems can recover (or simply persist) is through the recruitment of scleractinians, which is a function of successful larval development, delivery, settlement, metamorphosis, and post-settlement events. Despite wide recognition of the importance of these processes, there are few pertinent empirical data, and virtually none that address the mechanisms mediating the success of early coral life stages in a physical environmental varying at multiple spatio-temporal scales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The objective of this research is to complete one of the first comprehensive ecophysiological analyses of the early life stages of corals through a description of: (1) their functionality under 'normal' conditions, and (2) their response to the main drivers of GCC. These analyses will be completed for 2 species representative of a brooding life history strategy, and the experiments will be completed in two locations, one (Taiwan) that provides unrivalled experience in coral reproductive biology, and superb microcosm facilities, and the other (Moorea), with access to a relatively pristine environment, a well described ecological and oceanographic context (through the MCR-LTER), and the capacity to bring a strong biogeographic contrast to the project. The results of the study will be integrated through modeling to explore the effects of GCC on coral community structure over the next century.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The following publications and data resulted from this project:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2013    Wall CB, Fan TY, Edmunds PJ.  Ocean acidification has no effect on thermal bleaching in the coral &lt;em&gt;Seriatopora caliendrum&lt;/em&gt;.  Coral Reefs 33: 119-130.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/522591&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Symbiodinium_Seriatopora photosynthesis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/522737&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Symbiodinium_Seriatopora PI curve&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/522697&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Symbiodinium_Seriatopora temp-salinity-light&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/522631&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Symbiodinium_Seriatopora water chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Wall_Fan_Edmunds_for_Taiwan_Bleaching_data2013_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2013    Wall CB, Edmunds PJ. &lt;em&gt;In situ &lt;/em&gt;effects of low pH and elevated HCO3- on juvenile &lt;em&gt;Porites&lt;/em&gt; spp. in Moorea, French Polynesia.  Biological Bulletin 225:92-101.&lt;br /&gt;
Data at &lt;a href=&quot;http://mcr.lternet.edu/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;MCR&lt;/a&gt; and PANGEA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.833913&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.833913&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Wall_Edmunds_2013_BioBull_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2013    Vivian R Cumbo, Peter J Edmunds, Christopher B Wall, Tung-Yung Fan. Brooded coral larvae differ in their response to high temperature and elevated pCO2 depending on the day of release.  Marine Biology DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2280-y.&lt;br /&gt;
Data also at PANGEA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.831612&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.831612&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528806&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 2 - carbonate chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528880&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 2 - larval release March 2003-2008&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528834&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 2 - respiration_photosyth_mortality&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Cumbo_etal_2013_MarBio_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2013    Edmunds PJ, Cumbo VR, Fan TY. Metabolic costs of larval settlement and metamorphosis in the coral &lt;em&gt;Seriatopora caliendrum&lt;/em&gt; under ambient and elevated pCO2.  Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 443: 33-38 Data also at PANGEA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.821644&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.821644&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/526674&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Coral post-settlement physiology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Edmunds_etal_2013_JEMBE443_BCODMO.xls&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2013    Aaron M Dufault, Aaron Ninokawa, Lorenzo Bramanti, Vivian R Cumbo, Tung-Yung Fan, Peter J Edmunds.  The role of light in mediating the effects of ocean acidification on coral calcification.  Journal of Experimental Biology 216: 1570-1577.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527500&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- PAR&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527752&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- carbonate chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527729&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- temp_salinity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527816&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- growth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527782&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- protein&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/527851&quot;&gt;coral-light expt.- survival&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Dufault_etal_2013_JEB_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2012    Cumbo, VR, Fan TY, Edmunds PJ. Effects of exposure duration on the response of &lt;em&gt;Pocillopora damicornis&lt;/em&gt; larvae to elevated temperature and high pCO2.  J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 439: 100-107.&lt;br /&gt;
Data is also at PANGEA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535163&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - carbonate chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535219&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - light&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535462&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - mortality&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535425&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - protein&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535328&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - respiration and protein&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535266&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - respiration raw data&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535358&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - symbiont density&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/535244&quot;&gt;brooded coral larvae 3 - tank temperature&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Cumbo_etal_2012_JEMBE_data1_BCODMO.xls&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download part 1 of data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Cumbo_etal_2012_JEMBE_Tank Parameters_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download tank parameters data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2012    Cumbo, VR, Fan TY, Edmunds PJ.  Physiological development of brooded larvae from two pocilloporid corals in Taiwan.  Marine Biology 159: 2853-2866.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528781&quot;&gt;brooded coral - carbonate chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528641&quot;&gt;brooded coral - release&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528695&quot;&gt;brooded coral - respiration&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528728&quot;&gt;brooded coral - settlement competency&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528761&quot;&gt;brooded coral - size_July&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/528661&quot;&gt;brooded coral - size_protein_symbionts_photosynth&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Cumbo_etal_2012_MarBio_BCODMO .xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2012    Dufault, Aaron M; Vivian R Cumbo; Tung-Yung Fan; Peter J Edmunds.  Effects of diurnally oscillating pCO2 on the calcification and survival of coral recruits.  Royal Society of London (B) 279: 2951-2958.  doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.2545&lt;br /&gt;
Data is also at PANGEA: &lt;a href=&quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.830185&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.830185&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/514198&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;recruit_growth_area&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/506245&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;recruit_growth_weight&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/516783&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;recruit_seawater_chemistry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/516529&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;recruit_survival&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/Climate_Coral_Larvae/Dufault_etal_2012_RoyProcB_BCODMO.xlsx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;- Download complete data for this publication (Excel file)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;2011    Edmunds PJ, Cumbo V, Fan TY.  Effects of temperature on the respiration of brooded larvae from tropical reef corals.  Journal of Experimental Biology 214: 2783-2790. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3790&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CoralLarvae_comparison_respir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3809&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CoralLarvae_release&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3802&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CoralLarvae_respir&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3795&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CoralLarvae_size&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Initial O2 concentration in the seawater was determined before the vials were sealed, and vials without larvae used as controls. Larvae in the sealed vials were incubated at their temperature treatments for 1.5-2 h in the dark using water baths set to the temperature of the respective treatments (±0.1 °C, Hipoint, models LC-06 and LC-10); vials were carefully moved throughout the incubations to ensure the seawater remained mixed. Incubation timeswere selected to ensure O2 concentrations remained &amp;amp;gt;75% saturation. On completion of the incubations, vials were removed from the water baths, gently inverted to mix the seawater, and analyzed for O2 saturation. O2 saturation was converted to concentration using tabulated values of O2 solubility (N. Ramsing and J. Gundersen at http://www.unisense.com [based on Garcia and Gordon, 1992]) and the temperature and salinity of the seawater, and the change in O2 concentration used to calculate O2 flux after adjusting for controls. The respiration rates are expressed as nmol O2 mg protein-1 min-1.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The 'ambient' and 'high' pCO2 levels:&amp;amp;nbsp;49.4 Pa versus 86.2 Pa&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
The 'ambient' and 'high' temperatures: 24.00 °C [ambient] versus 30.49 °C&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data also available from PANGAEA:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.823582&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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    <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="pointOfContact"  codeSpace="007">pointOfContact</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
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      </gmd:contact>
    </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
  </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
  <gmi:acquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
    <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/522982.rdf" xlink:title="Aquarium chiller" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Aquarium chiller</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Aquarium chiller</gco:CharacterString>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Aquarium chiller PI Supplied Instrument Description:Aquatech Ac11 or Shyeh Duwai Enterprise Instrument Name: Aquarium chiller Instrument Short Name:Aquarium chiller   Instrument Description: Immersible or in-line liquid cooling device, usually with temperature control.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/720.rdf" xlink:title="Gas Analyzer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Gas Analyzer</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Gas Analyzer</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Gas Analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Infra Red gas analyzer (S151, Qubit Systems) Instrument Name: Gas Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Gas Analyzer   Instrument Description: Gas Analyzers - Instruments for determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of gas mixtures.</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/522981.rdf" xlink:title="Immersion heater" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Immersion heater</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Immersion heater</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Immersion heater PI Supplied Instrument Description:300 Wheaters, Taikong Corporation Instrument Name: Immersion heater Instrument Short Name:Immersion heater   Instrument Description: Submersible heating element for water tanks and aquaria.</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/475.rdf" xlink:title="LI-COR LI-192 PAR Sensor" xlink:actuate="onRequest">LI-COR LI-192 light sensor</gmx:Anchor>
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            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>LI-COR LI-192 light sensor</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: LI-COR LI-192 light sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:cosine-corrected quantum light meter (Li-Cor LI-192 attached to an LI-1400) Instrument Name: LI-COR LI-192 PAR Sensor Instrument Short Name:LI-COR LI-192 PAR   Instrument Description: The LI-192 Underwater Quantum Sensor (UWQ) measures underwater or atmospheric Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (Photosynthetically Available Radiation from 360 degrees) using a Silicon Photodiode and glass filters encased in a waterproof housing. The LI-192 is cosine corrected and features corrosion resistant, rugged construction for use in freshwater or saltwater and pressures up to 800 psi (5500 kPa, 560 meters depth). Typical output is in um s-1 m-2. The LI-192 uses computer-tailored filter glass to achieve the desired quantum response. Calibration is traceable to NIST. The LI-192 serial numbers begin with UWQ-XXXXX. LI-COR has been producing Underwater Quantum Sensors since 1973.

These LI-192 sensors are typically listed as LI-192SA to designate the 2-pin connector on the base of the housing and require an Underwater Cable (LI-COR part number 2222UWB) to connect to the pins on the Sensor and connect to a data recording device.

The LI-192 differs from the LI-193 primarily in sensitivity and angular response.
193: Sensitivity: Typically 7 uA per 1000 umol s-1 m-2 in water. Azimuth: &lt; ± 3% error over 360° at 90° from normal axis. Angular Response: &lt; ± 4% error up to ± 90° from normal axis.
192: Sensitivity: Typically 4 uA per 1000 umol s-1 m-2 in water. Azimuth: &lt; ± 1% error over 360° at 45° elevation. Cosine Correction: Optimized for underwater and atmospheric use.
(www.licor.com) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0120/</gco:CharacterString>
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      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/727.rdf" xlink:title="Optode" xlink:actuate="onRequest">optrode</gmx:Anchor>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>optrode</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: optrode PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Ruthenium-based optrode (FOXY-R, 1.58 diameter, Ocean Optics) connected to a spectrophotometer (USB2000, Ocean Optics) and interfaced with a computer running the manufacturers software (OOISensor, version 1.00.08). The optrode was calibrated using a zero solution (0.01 M Na2B4O7·10H2O supersaturated with Na2SO3) and 100% air saturation using water-saturated air at the treatment temperature. Instrument Name: Optode Instrument Short Name:   Instrument Description: An optode or optrode is an optical sensor device that optically measures a specific substance usually with the aid of a chemical transducer.</gco:CharacterString>
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        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/707.rdf" xlink:title="Spectrophotometer" xlink:actuate="onRequest">spectrophotometer</gmx:Anchor>
              </gmd:code>
            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
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          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>spectrophotometer</gco:CharacterString>
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          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:USB2000, Ocean Optics Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer   Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:instrument>
        <gmi:MI_Instrument>
          <gmi:identifier>
            <gmd:MD_Identifier>
              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/647.rdf" xlink:title="Water Temperature Sensor" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Water Temp Sensor</gmx:Anchor>
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            </gmd:MD_Identifier>
          </gmi:identifier>
          <gmi:type>
            <gco:CharacterString>Water Temp Sensor</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:type>
          <gmi:description>
            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name: Water Temp Sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:certified digital thermometer (Model 15-077-8, Fisher Scientific,±0.05 °C) Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor   Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmi:description>
        </gmi:MI_Instrument>
      </gmi:instrument>
      <gmi:operation>
          <gmi:MI_Operation>
            <gmi:description>
              <gco:CharacterString>Deployment: lab_Edmunds_NMMBA</gco:CharacterString>
            </gmi:description>
            <gmi:identifier>
              <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                <gmd:code>
                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/deployment/58892.rdf" xlink:title="Deployment" xlink:actuate="onRequest">lab_Edmunds_NMMBA</gmx:Anchor>
                </gmd:code>
              </gmd:MD_Identifier>
            </gmi:identifier>
            <gmi:status>
              <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode" codeListValue="completed"/>
            </gmi:status>
            <gmi:type>
              <gmi:MI_OperationTypeCode codeList="https://data.noaa.gov/resources/iso19139/schema/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MI_OperationTypeCode" codeListValue="real"/>
            </gmi:type>
            <gmi:parentOperation gco:nilReason="inapplicable"/>
            <gmi:platform>
  <gmi:MI_Platform>
    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
       <gmd:title>
         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://www.nmmba.gov.tw/english/ResearchA/Research_Introduction_" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan</gmx:Anchor>
       </gmd:title>
       <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
     </gmd:CI_Citation>
    </gmi:citation>
    <gmi:identifier>
      <gmd:MD_Identifier>
        <gmd:code>
          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54244.rdf"
           xlink:actuate="onRequest">Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan</gmx:Anchor>
        </gmd:code>
      </gmd:MD_Identifier>
    </gmi:identifier>
    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54244.rdf" xlink:title="Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
    </gmi:description>
    <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
  </gmi:MI_Platform>
</gmi:platform>
            <gmi:plan>
              <gmi:MI_Plan>
                <gmi:status>
                  <gmd:MD_ProgressCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCode" codeListValue="completed"/>
                </gmi:status>
                <gmi:citation>
                  <gmd:CI_Citation>
                    <gmd:title>
                      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/deployment/58892.rdf" xlink:title="Deployment" xlink:actuate="onRequest">lab_Edmunds_NMMBA</gmx:Anchor>
                    </gmd:title>
                    <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
                    <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                      <gmd:individualName>
                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/person/51536.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Peter J. Edmunds</gmx:Anchor>
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                        <gmd:organisationName>
                          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/affiliation/292.rdf" xlink:title="Affiliation" xlink:actuate="onRequest">California State University Northridge</gmx:Anchor>
                        </gmd:organisationName>
                        <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/resources/Codelist/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="principalInvestigator"/>
                      </gmd:role>
                      </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                    </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                   </gmd:CI_Citation>
                </gmi:citation>
              </gmi:MI_Plan>
            </gmi:plan>
            </gmi:MI_Operation>
      </gmi:operation><gmi:platform>
  <gmi:MI_Platform>
    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
       <gmd:title>
         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://www.nmmba.gov.tw/english/ResearchA/Research_Introduction_" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan</gmx:Anchor>
       </gmd:title>
       <gmd:date gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
     </gmd:CI_Citation>
    </gmi:citation>
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      <gmd:MD_Identifier>
        <gmd:code>
          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54244.rdf"
           xlink:actuate="onRequest">Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan</gmx:Anchor>
        </gmd:code>
      </gmd:MD_Identifier>
    </gmi:identifier>
    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54244.rdf" xlink:title="Natl Museum Mar. Bio. and Aquar. Taiwan" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
    </gmi:description>
    <gmi:instrument gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
  </gmi:MI_Platform>
</gmi:platform>
          </gmi:MI_AcquisitionInformation>
  </gmi:acquisitionInformation>
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