| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kudela, Raphael M. | University of California-Santa Cruz (UCSC) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Lucas, Andrew J | University of California-San Diego (UCSD-SIO) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Gegg, Stephen R. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
PAM Fluorescence Data
Data are described in the following manuscript:
Kudela, R.M., Lucas, A.J., Negrey, K.H., Howard, M. McLaughlin, K. Submitted to Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. Death from below: Investigation of inhibitory factors in bloom development during a wastewater effluent diversion.
Sampling and Analytical Methodology:
Water samples were collected from an instrumented rosette and dark adapted for 30 minutes. Samples were then analyzed using a Heinz-Walz WATER-PAM fluorometer, with 0.2 µm filtered seawater used as a blank. See references below for more details.
Data Processing:
PAM fluorescence data were fit to a 3-parameter photosynthesis versus irradiance curve (see references), using 3x replicate samples. Curve fit parameters are provided.
Data were processed using a 3-parameter curve fit as described in the following references:
Kudela RM, Ryan JP, Blakely MD, Lane JQ, Peterson TD (2008) Linking the physiology and ecology of Cochlodinium to better understand harmful algal bloom events: A comparative approach. Harmful Algae 7:278–292
Kromkamp JC, Forster RM (2003) The use of variable fluorescence measurements in aquatic ecosystems: differences between multiple and single turnover measuring protocols and suggested terminology. European Journal of Phycology 38:103–112
Jassby AD, Platt T (1976) Mathematical formulation of the relationship between photosynthesis and light for phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 21:540–547
BCO-DMO Processing Notes
- Generated from original file: "SoCalPlumeEx2012_PAM.csv" contributed by Raphael Kudela
- Parameter names edited to conform to BCO-DMO naming convention found at Choosing Parameter Name
- Date reformatted from MM/DD/YY to YYYYMMDD
| File |
|---|
PAM.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 5.52 KB) MD5:ddfcae8042bd7c4d724b084f6ede9af9 Primary data file for dataset ID 537666 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| Date | Date (GMT) | YYYYMMDD |
| Station_ID | Station Id | text |
| Latitude | Latitude Position (South is negative) | decimal degrees |
| Longitude | Longitude Position (West is negative) | decimal degrees |
| Depth | Depth | meters |
| Yield | Yield (unitless) | unitless |
| PBs | PBs (maximum relative Electron Transport Rate; rETR) | (tbd) |
| a | a (initial slope of the rETR curve) | (tbd) |
| b | b (light-inhibition slope of the rETR curve) | (tbd) |
| r2 | r2 (r2 value for the model fit) | (tbd) |
| PBm | PBm (maximum rETR with photo-inhibition included) | (tbd) |
| Em | Em (irradiance of maximum light inhibition; umol photons m-2 s-1) | umol photons m-2 s-1 |
| Ek | Ek (irradiance of rETR half-saturation; umol photons m-2 s-1) | umol photons m-2 s-1 |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Heinz-Walz WATER-PAM fluorometer |
| Generic Instrument Name | Fluorometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | Samples were then analyzed using a Heinz-Walz WATER-PAM fluorometer, with 0.2 µm filtered seawater used as a blank |
| Generic Instrument Description | A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD SBE 911plus |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus |
| Dataset-specific Description | Water samples were collected from an instrumented rosette |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
| Website | |
| Platform | Fishing Vessels |
| Start Date | 2012-09-06 |
| End Date | 2012-10-17 |
| Description | Multiple vessels used for this effort.
R/V Yellowfin
R/V Nerissa |
In autumn 2012, Orange County Sanitation District (OCSD) will divert ~150 million gallons/day of secondarily-treated effluent to a nearshore (1 mile offshore) outfall pipe over a period of ~4 weeks. No discharges of this magnitude have been conducted in decades. The planned diversion is expected to create a buoyant surface plume that will spread over much of the coastal region. Because OCSD plans to "super-chlorinate" and then dechlorinate the discharge, the effect of the plume should be predominantly a nutrient addition rather than direct addition of intact microbial populations. The PIs propose to address two broad questions through a study of the plume:
First, what happens ecologically and physiologically to the phytoplankton assemblage when nutrients are discharged in the surface ocean for extended periods of time?
Second, can this dynamic and shifting environment be sampled by deploying multiple technologies to identify the physical/chemical drivers of the biological response at ecologically relevant space and time scales?
They will test two hypotheses:
H1: Continual discharge of nutrients to the surface ocean results in a dinoflagellate-dominated bloom which leads to dampening or cessation of vertical migration of the dinoflagellates and drives a shift to net heterotrophy.
H2: The bloom will initially result in a strong local sink for carbon dioxide which gradually develops into a strong source as heterotrophy develops.
The study is expected to provide a time-evolving picture of interactions within and between autotrophic and heterotrophic communities and will illustrate the short-term biogeochemical and ecological consequences of sustained nutrient discharge to a shallow coastal site. The planned diversion provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the ecophysiological response in a natural setting over a period of weeks, including the interaction of biology, chemistry, and physics, and it will contribute to basic understanding of anthropogenic nutrient loading to the coastal ocean. Undergraduate and graduate education and training will be furthered through active participation in lab, field, and data synthesis activities involving academic, government, and industry partners.
Affiliated Programs or Projects:
- NOAA ECOHAB Project (NA11NOS4780030): A Regional Comparison of Upwelling and Coastal Land Use Patterns on the Development of HAB Hotspots Along the California Coast
- Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System
- Central and Northern California Coastal Ocean Observing System
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) | |
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |