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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/541282.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Continuous carbonate chemistry data from Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Netarts Bay, OR, USA in 2009 (Mechanisms of bivalve response to acidification project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Waldbusser, G. G. (2014) Continuous carbonate chemistry data from Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Netarts Bay, OR, USA in 2009 (Mechanisms of bivalve response to acidification project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 03 December 2014) Version Date 2014-12-03 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/541282 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Continuous carbonate chemistry data from Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery 2009. Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Continuous carbonate chemistry data from Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery 2009. Barton et al. 2012 contains all information on data collection, analytical procedures, and uncertainties.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For more information, refer to:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
Barton, A., Hales, B., Waldbusser, G.G., Langdon, C., &amp;amp;amp; Feely, R.A. 2009. The Pacific oyster, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Crassostrea gigas&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt;, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects. Limnol. Oceanogr., 57(3), 698-710. doi: &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sampling and Analytical methods included in Barton et al. 2012. Instrument used: Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) 6000 EDS sonde. Temperature and salinity are directly from instrument. pH_tot is corrected from pHNBS as described in paper. Saturation state is then computed from correlation with pHtotal as noted in Barton et al. 2012. Instrument specifications indicate an accuracy of ± 0.2 pH units and a precision of ± 0.01 pH units. As noted in paper, instrument performance is checked against discrete samples.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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NSF 13-586 was the final solicitation that will be released for this program.
PI Meetings:
1st U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(March 22-24, 2011, Woods Hole, MA)
2nd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting(Sept. 18-20, 2013, Washington, DC)
3rd U.S. Ocean Acidification PI Meeting (June 9-11, 2015, Woods Hole, MA – Tentative)
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Press Release 10-186 NSF Awards Grants to Study Effects of Ocean Acidification
Discovery Blue Mussels &quot;Hang On&quot; Along Rocky Shores: For How Long?
Discovery nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) Discoveries - Trouble in Paradise: Ocean Acidification This Way Comes - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 12-179 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: Finding New Answers Through National Science Foundation Research Grants - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-102 World Oceans Month Brings Mixed News for Oysters
Press Release 13-108 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Natural Underwater Springs Show How Coral Reefs Respond to Ocean Acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 13-148 Ocean acidification: Making new discoveries through National Science Foundation research grants
Press Release 13-148 - Video nsf.gov - News - Video - NSF Ocean Sciences Division Director David Conover answers questions about ocean acidification. - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-010 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Palau's coral reefs surprisingly resistant to ocean acidification - US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Press Release 14-116 nsf.gov - National Science Foundation (NSF) News - Ocean Acidification: NSF awards $11.4 million in new grants to study effects on marine ecosystems - US National Science Foundation (NSF)</gco:CharacterString>
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&lt;p&gt;The shift in the carbonate chemistry of marine waters, as a result of direct anthropogenic CO2 addition and climate-driven changes in circulation, poses a threat to many organisms. A rapidly expanding body of literature has shown that increasing levels of carbonic acid and decreasing carbonate ion levels will have deleterious effects on many marine organisms; however little is known about the mode of action of these changes in water chemistry on marine bivalves. Many marine organisms, particularly bivalves, depend critically on the production of calcium carbonate mineral, and this material becomes thermodynamically unstable under more acidic conditions. The actual mineral precipitation, however, takes place within interstitial volumes intermittently separated from ambient seawater by biological membranes. Therefore, abiotic relationships between solid phase minerals and seawater thermodynamics are oversimplified representations of the complex interplay among seawater chemistry, bivalve physiology, and shell growth processes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this integrative, multi-disciplinary project we will develop and apply novel experimental approaches to elucidate fundamental physiological responses to changes in seawater chemistry associated with ocean acidification. The four primary objectives of this project are to: 1) develop a novel experimental approach and system capable of unique combinations of pCO2, pH, and mineral saturation state (Ω), 2) conduct short-term exploratory experiments to determine bivalve responses to different carbonate system variables, 3) conduct longer-term directed studies of the integrated effects of different carbonate system variables over early life history of bivalves, and 4) compare these biological responses among a group of bivalve species that differ in shell mineralogy and nativity to the periodically acidified upwelling region of the Pacific Northwest coast of North America. By isolating the effects of different components of the carbonate system on the early life stages of marine bivalves, e.g. does an oyster larvae respond more strongly to pCO2 or mineral saturation state?, we can begin to identify the mechanisms behind bivalve responses as well as understand how these organisms survive in transiently corrosive conditions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Laboratory based experiments on three primary taxa (oyster, mussel, clam) having native and non-native species pairs to Oregon’s coastal waters: oysters &lt;em&gt;Ostrea lurida &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Crassostrea gigas&lt;/em&gt;; mussels &lt;em&gt;Mytilus califonianus&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Mytilus galloprovincialis&lt;/em&gt;; and clams &lt;em&gt;Macoma nasuta&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Ruditapes philippinarum&lt;/em&gt;, will allow for species comparisons among different shell mineralogy, microstructure, life-history, and adaptability. High-precision pCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) instruments will be used in experiments to control and properly constrain the carbonate chemistry. A compliment of response variables will be measured across the early life stages of these species that include tissue acid-base balance, shell mineralogy and chemistry, respiration rate, and behavior. Additionally, our emphasis will be placed on observation of development, growth, and shell structure by directly linking observational data with other measured response data. An adaptive strategy using short-term experiments to determine the most salient variables in the carbonate system to manipulate in longer-term studies is being employed. This approach allows us to evaluate acute effects, mimicking diurnal changes to carbonate variables often found in coastal areas, and integrated chronic effects mimicking a more gradual acidification due to the rise in atmospheric CO2.&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;BCO-DMO edits made:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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