http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/542513
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2014-12-15
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Counts of Protobranch bivalves collected in a series of epibenthic sled samples taken on R/V Endeavor cruise EN447 in the Western North Atlantic (34-39N, 68-70W) in 2008 (ENAB project)
2014-12-17
publication
2014-12-17
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-12-28
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.542513.1
Ron J. Etter
University of Massachusetts Boston
principalInvestigator
Michael Rex
University of Massachusetts Boston
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Etter, R. J., Rex, M. (2021) Counts of Protobranch bivalves collected in a series of epibenthic sled samples taken on R/V Endeavor cruise EN447 in the Western North Atlantic (34-39N, 68-70W) in 2008 (ENAB project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2014-12-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.542513.1 [access date]
Counts of Protobranch bivalves collected in a series of epibenthic sled samples taken in the western North Atlantic. Dataset Description: <p>Protobranch bivalves collected in a series of epibenthic sled samples taken in the western North Atlantic from 1000-5200 m depth. The project investigators are only using the mollusks, all other taxa are unsorted, stored in 95% ethanol and available for others to use.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Using an epibenthic sled, sampling was conducted at 25 stations along a transect from south of Cape Cod to near Bermuda and ranging in depth from 1000 to 5200m. After samples were brought on board, the mud was sieved (1mm mesh) using cold (2-3 degrees C) seawater and the bivalves and gastropods were picked from the samples, identified to genus or species and the first 20-30 individuals frozen (-80) in individual 1.5 ml tubes with any additional individuals placed in ethanol in a common station tube and then stored at -80. All other taxa were placed unsorted in 95% ethanol and are now stored at 4 degrees C. Because the initial sorting was done at sea under less than ideal conditions, the investigators resorted the samples under a microscope in the lab. So far, over 2600 protobranchs distributed among 27 species have been collected.</p>
<p>Sampling success was good, although somewhat sporadic, especially early in the cruise. The investigators used 2 different sleds - a heavy version with closing door and a lighter version where the doors remained open on ascent. The heavier sled was used for the first 12 samples. Because the collections from the heavier sled were less than expected (based on previous epibenthic sled samples of this area). the lighter sled was used for the remainder of the cruise. The lighter sled usually returned with much better samples, although this could also reflect the investigators' increased experience in sampling later in the cruise.</p>
<p>Samples are currently stored at UMass, but will be moved to the MCZ at Harvard for more permanent storage and curation.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0726382 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0726382
completed
Ron J. Etter
University of Massachusetts Boston
617-287-6613
Biology Department 100 Morrissey Boulevard
Boston
MA
02125
USA
ron.etter@umb.edu
pointOfContact
Michael Rex
University of Massachusetts Boston
617-287-6678
100 Morrissey Blvd.
Boston
MA
02125
USA
Michael.rex@umb.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
station
depth
station_depth_total
species
count
lat
lon
epibenthic sled
theme
None, User defined
station
depth
No BCO-DMO term
species scientific name (binomial)
count
latitude
longitude
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Epibenthic Sled
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
EN447
service
Deployment Activity
Western North Atlantic (34-39N, 68-70W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Evolution in the North Atlantic Basin
http://www.etterlab.umb.edu/Evolution.html
Evolution in the North Atlantic Basin
<p>In the early 1990s, we proposed the first explicit model of population differentiation and speciation in the deep-sea fauna, the depth-differentiation hypothesis (Etter and Rex 1991). According to this theory, the potential for population differentiation decreases with depth because the bathyal zone (200-4000 m) has stronger selective gradients and more opportunity for geographic isolation to impede gene flow than does the more environmentally uniform abyssal plain (>4000 m). To determine whether depth-related variation is genetic, and therefore a consequence of evolutionary change, we developed new methods to extract and sequence mitochondrial DNA from archived deep-sea molluscan species collected in earlier expeditions that had been fixed in formalin and preserved in alcohol. These genetic studies, summarized in Etter et al. (2005) and reviewed in this proposal, support the depth-differentiation hypothesis. More importantly, they have revealed the limitations of using preserved material, and have resulted in a much more specific research agenda for the future.</p>
<p>Here we propose the first deep-sea sampling program specifically directed at answering fundamental evolutionary questions. We describe 3 hypotheses about evolution in the deep sea that emerged from our previous work. 1) The depth differentiation hypothesis suggesting population divergence decreases with depth. 2) The strong break in population structure at 3300 m may represent an unrecognized phylogeographic barrier. 3) Abyssal populations may be sinks that suffer chronic local extinction from being too rare to mate successfully, and are maintained by continued immigration from more abundant bathyal source populations. Our plan is to test each of these hypotheses using deep-sea protobranch bivalves, but for rigorous tests we need multiple independent loci. Nuclear loci are essential as independent measures of population structure, gene flow and historical influences, but are also critical to establish whether some of the remarkable divergences we have documented represent cryptic species. The formalin fixed tissues we have now are too degraded to obtain nuclear loci, so we are proposing to collect fresh samples to develop the nuclear loci (introns). The primary focus of this proposal (first three years of work) will be to collect the samples and develop nuclear markers from those samples that are sufficiently variable in deep-sea protobranchs to test each of the hypotheses and distinguish intra versus interspecific variation.</p>
<p>The deep-sea supports one of the most diverse and unique marine communities, the evolutionary and historical development of which are virtually unknown. The proposed research will contribute very significantly to answering the two most basic question about evolutionary diversification in this vast environment: Where does it occur, and how? It will also create a solid conceptual and methodological context for future evolutionary studies in the deep sea. The source-sink hypothesis of abyssal biodiversity is the most synthetic and comprehensive explanation of large-scale patterns of species diversity in the deep ocean. If proven correct by the proposed study of population genetic structure, it will greatly simplify our understanding of both evolutionary and ecological causes of species diversity patterns.</p>
ENAB
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Western North Atlantic (34-39N, 68-70W)
-71.228
-68.0762
34.915
39.87987
2008-06-04
2008-06-21
Western North Atlantic (34 – 39N, 68 - 70W)
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Counts of Protobranch bivalves collected in a series of epibenthic sled samples taken on R/V Endeavor cruise EN447 in the Western North Atlantic (34-39N, 68-70W) in 2008 (ENAB project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542524.rdf
Name: station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542525.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Sample depth.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542526.rdf
Name: station_depth_total
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Total count of all individuals at that station/depth.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542527.rdf
Name: species
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of the species.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542528.rdf
Name: count
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Total count of individuals of the species at the station/depth.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542912.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of the sampling station.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/542913.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of the sampling station.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
35838
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27872/1/dataset-542513_enab-2008-protobranchs__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.542513.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Using an epibenthic sled, sampling was conducted at 25 stations along a transect from south of Cape Cod to near Bermuda and ranging in depth from 1000 to 5200m. After samples were brought on board, the mud was sieved (1mm mesh) using cold (2-3 degrees C) seawater and the bivalves and gastropods were picked from the samples, identified to genus or species and the first 20-30 individuals frozen (-80) in individual 1.5 ml tubes with any additional individuals placed in ethanol in a common station tube and then stored at -80. All other taxa were placed unsorted in 95% ethanol and are now stored at 4 degrees C. Because the initial sorting was done at sea under less than ideal conditions, the investigators resorted the samples under a microscope in the lab. So far, over 2600 protobranchs distributed among 27 species have been collected.</p>
<p>Sampling success was good, although somewhat sporadic, especially early in the cruise. The investigators used 2 different sleds - a heavy version with closing door and a lighter version where the doors remained open on ascent. The heavier sled was used for the first 12 samples. Because the collections from the heavier sled were less than expected (based on previous epibenthic sled samples of this area). the lighter sled was used for the remainder of the cruise. The lighter sled usually returned with much better samples, although this could also reflect the investigators' increased experience in sampling later in the cruise.</p>
<p>Samples are currently stored at UMass, but will be moved to the MCZ at Harvard for more permanent storage and curation.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<br />
- transposed species columns to rows;<br />
- converted lat and lon in degrees and decimal minutes to decimal degrees.<br />
&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
epibenthic sled
epibenthic sled
PI Supplied Instrument Name: epibenthic sled PI Supplied Instrument Description:Sampling was conducted using an epibenthic sled. 25 stations were sampled along a transect from south of Cape Cod to near Bermuda and ranging in depth from 1000 to 5200m Instrument Name: Epibenthic Sled Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An epibenthic sled is a semi-quantitative bottom-sampling device designed to trawl just above the bottom at the sediment water interface (the epibenthic zone). The sled consists of a rectangular steel frame with a mesh net (often more than one) attached to it. Towed along the ocean floor, its weight scrapes into the benthos, collecting any organisms on the surface or in the first few centimeters of sediment. It also collects the organisms in the water column just above the benthos.
Descriptions from WHOI and Census of Marine Life. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/24/
Cruise: EN447
EN447
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel
EN447
Ron J. Etter
University of Massachusetts Boston
R/V Endeavor
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Endeavor
vessel