http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/545844
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2015-01-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Protist rates from epifluorescence counts; cyanobacteria rates from flow cytometry; bulk rates from extracted chlorophyll-a from R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises AE1102, AE1118, AE1206, AE1219 in the Sargasso Sea, BATS, 2011-2012
2015-01-16
publication
2015-01-16
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-08-06
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.545844.1
Susanne Neuer
Arizona State University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Neuer, S. (2015) Protist rates from epifluorescence counts; cyanobacteria rates from flow cytometry; bulk rates from extracted chlorophyll-a from R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises AE1102, AE1118, AE1206, AE1219 in the Sargasso Sea, BATS, 2011-2012. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2015-01-16 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.545844.1 [access date]
Protist rates based on epifluorescence counts; cyanobacteria rates based on flow cytometry data (Lomas group); bulk rates based on extracted chlorophyll-a. Dataset Description: <p>Protist rates based on epifluorescence counts; cyanobacteria rates based on flow cytometry data (Mike Lomas' group); bulk rates based on extracted chlorophyll-a. Samples were collected during four cruises in the Sargasso Sea during spring and summer 2011-2012.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Water Column Sampling:</strong><br />
Water column sampling was performed on four cruises during the spring and the summer of 2011 and 2012 at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station (31’40°N 64’10°W, BATS) and in the mesoscale eddies found in the surrounding area of the Sargasso Sea. For each cruise, two stations were sampled, usually in the center of a mesoscale eddy and at BATS. The edge of the eddy was sampled two times, as well. To be able to get a better reproducibility of data, each experiment was replicated.</p>
<p>For each experiment, seawater samples were collected pre-dawn (on deck 2:30-4:00, local time) at four different depths within the euphotic zone (20m, 50m, 80m and the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum, DCM). Twenty-one 10L Niskin bottles were attached to a rosette with conductivity, temperature, depth sensors (CTD), and an <em>in vivo</em> fluorometer. This sensor allowed for recording in real time of chlorophyll fluorescence and the DCM for each station. The water that was collected from the 10L Niskin bottles was sampled for abundance and biomass of the plankton community.</p>
<p><strong>Dilution experiments:</strong><br />
The growth and grazing rates of the phytoplankton community were determined using the dilution method with a two-point modification (Landry et al. 1984, Landry et al. 2008a, Selph et al. 2011). To check the applicability and resolution of the two point modification, two experiments at two different stations (one replicate of C3 and one replicate of B3) were carried out with a complete set of dilutions (25, 50, 75 and 100%) on-deck; the results of these experiments confirmed the validity of the 2 point dilution experiment (data not shown). The Landry-Hassett dilution method was used because it can separate autotrophic and heterotrophic processes with relatively little manipulation (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982, Landry et al 1984). The method is based on the concept that the dilution lowers the encounter probability of grazer and prey and enables one to calculate from the net phytoplankton population growth (k) in the diluted and undiluted incubation bottles the instantaneous growth rate (u) and grazing mortality (g), where k= u - g (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982). This method is based on three assumptions. &nbsp;The first one is that the instantaneous growth rate of any phytoplankton group is not influenced by the dilution of the “seawater/sample” with particle free water. The second assumption is that the probability of a phytoplankton to be grazed by the consumer is directly related to the abundance of the consumer itself, which means that with a higher density of grazers the probability of the prey to be grazed is higher as well, making the grazing a function of the dilution. The third assumption is the sum of the first two assumptions, that the change in the abundance of the phytoplankton community over time can be expressed by the exponential growth equation:</p>
<p>P<sub>t</sub>=P<sub>0</sub> <em>e ^</em> [<sup>(u -xg)t</sup>]</p>
<p>where P<sub>0 </sub>and P<sub>t &nbsp;</sub>are the initial and the final abundances or biomass of bulk or specific phytoplankton groups, t is time in day (d), u is the instantaneous phytoplankton growth rate (d<sup>-1</sup>), g is the grazing mortality (d<sup>-1</sup>), and x represents the dilution factor (Landry and Hassett 1982; Landry et al. 1984; Neuer and Cowles 1994). M and g are calculated as the y-intercept and the slope of the linear regression plotted against the dilution factors where k=1/t ln (P<sub>t</sub>/P<sub>0</sub>) (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982; Landry et al. 1984). For the two-point dilution, this converts mathematically to solving the equations for u and g (Landry et al., 2008a).</p>
<p><strong>Bulk measurements</strong>:<br />
Chlorophyll-a was extracted from seawater (250 ml and 400 ml depending on the dilution), with 90% acetone and measured after 24hrs at 4 degrees C in the dark onboard the ship using a TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer using the non-acidification technique (Welschmeyer 1994). These data were used as a proxy for the phytoplankton biomass in the water column and to calculate the bulk growth and grazing rates of the phytoplankton community.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1030476 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1030476
completed
Susanne Neuer
Arizona State University
480-727-7254
College of Liberal Arts and Sciences School of Life Sciences 427 East Tyler Mall
Tempe
AZ
85287-4501
USA
susanne.neuer@asu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
cruise_id
cast
station
location_description
lat
lon
depth
taxon
date
experiment_num
u
g
Niskin bottle
TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
cast
station
site description
latitude
longitude
depth
taxon
date
No BCO-DMO term
growth
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
AE1102
AE1118
AE1206
AE1219
service
Deployment Activity
Sargasso Sea, BATS site
Sargasso Sea; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station; 31 N 64 S
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
Plankton Community Composition and Trophic Interactions as Modifiers of Carbon Export in the Sargasso Sea
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/2150
Plankton Community Composition and Trophic Interactions as Modifiers of Carbon Export in the Sargasso Sea
<p>Fluxes of particulate carbon from the surface ocean are greatly influenced by the size, taxonomic composition and trophic interactions of the resident planktonic community. Large and/or heavily-ballasted phytoplankton such as diatoms and coccolithophores are key contributors to carbon export due to their high sinking rates and direct routes of export through large zooplankton. The potential contributions of small, unballasted phytoplankton, through aggregation and/or trophic re-packaging, have been recognized more recently. This recognition comes as direct observations in the field show unexpected trends. In the Sargasso Sea, for example, shallow carbon export has increased in the last decade but the corresponding shift in phytoplankton community composition during this time has not been towards larger cells like diatoms. Instead, the abundance of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium, Synechococccus, has increased significantly. The trophic pathways that link the increased abundance of Synechococcus to carbon export have not been characterized. These observations helped to frame the overarching research question, "How do plankton size, community composition and trophic interactions modify carbon export from the euphotic zone". Since small phytoplankton are responsible for the majority of primary production in oligotrophic subtropical gyres, the trophic interactions that include them must be characterized in order to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the function of the biological pump in the oligotrophic regions of the ocean.</p>
<p>This requires a complete characterization of the major organisms and their rates of production and consumption. Accordingly, the research objectives are: 1) to characterize (qualitatively and quantitatively) trophic interactions between major plankton groups in the euphotic zone and rates of, and contributors to, carbon export and 2) to develop a constrained food web model, based on these data, that will allow us to better understand current and predict near-future patterns in export production in the Sargasso Sea.</p>
<p>The investigators will use a combination of field-based process studies and food web modeling to quantify rates of carbon exchange between key components of the ecosystem at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Measurements will include a novel DNA-based approach to characterizing and quantifying planktonic contributors to carbon export. The well-documented seasonal variability at BATS and the occurrence of mesoscale eddies will be used as a natural laboratory in which to study ecosystems of different structure. This study is unique in that it aims to characterize multiple food web interactions and carbon export simultaneously and over similar time and space scales. A key strength of the proposed research is also the tight connection and feedback between the data collection and modeling components.</p>
<p>Characterizing the complex interactions between the biological community and export production is critical for predicting changes in phytoplankton species dominance, trophic relationships and export production that might occur under scenarios of climate-related changes in ocean circulation and mixing. The results from this research may also contribute to understanding of the biological mechanisms that drive current regional to basin scale variability in carbon export in oligotrophic gyres.</p>
Trophic BATS
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Sargasso Sea, BATS site; Sargasso Sea; Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Station; 31 N 64 S
-65.8
-63.48
30.05
33.5
2011-02-25
2012-07-30
Sargasso Sea, BATS site
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Protist rates from epifluorescence counts; cyanobacteria rates from flow cytometry; bulk rates from extracted chlorophyll-a from R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises AE1102, AE1118, AE1206, AE1219 in the Sargasso Sea, BATS, 2011-2012
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545865.rdf
Name: cruise_id
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Official cruise identifier e.g. AE1102 = R/V Atlantic Explorer cruise number 1102.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545866.rdf
Name: cast
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Cast number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545867.rdf
Name: station
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Station number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545868.rdf
Name: location_description
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Description of sampling location.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545869.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude. Positive values = North.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545870.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude. Positive values = East.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545871.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters
Description: <p>Sample depth.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545872.rdf
Name: taxon
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Name of the taxonomic group.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545885.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>2-digit month, 2-digit day, and 4-digit year of sampling. Reported in UTC. Format: mmddYYYY</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545886.rdf
Name: experiment_num
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Experiment number.<br />
</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545889.rdf
Name: u
Units: per day
Description: <p>Instantaneous growth rate (mu).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/545891.rdf
Name: g
Units: per day
Description: <p>Grazing mortality; absolute values.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
33047
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24425/1/dataset-545844_grazing-and-growth-rates__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.545844.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Water Column Sampling:</strong><br />
Water column sampling was performed on four cruises during the spring and the summer of 2011 and 2012 at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study station (31’40°N 64’10°W, BATS) and in the mesoscale eddies found in the surrounding area of the Sargasso Sea. For each cruise, two stations were sampled, usually in the center of a mesoscale eddy and at BATS. The edge of the eddy was sampled two times, as well. To be able to get a better reproducibility of data, each experiment was replicated.</p>
<p>For each experiment, seawater samples were collected pre-dawn (on deck 2:30-4:00, local time) at four different depths within the euphotic zone (20m, 50m, 80m and the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum, DCM). Twenty-one 10L Niskin bottles were attached to a rosette with conductivity, temperature, depth sensors (CTD), and an <em>in vivo</em> fluorometer. This sensor allowed for recording in real time of chlorophyll fluorescence and the DCM for each station. The water that was collected from the 10L Niskin bottles was sampled for abundance and biomass of the plankton community.</p>
<p><strong>Dilution experiments:</strong><br />
The growth and grazing rates of the phytoplankton community were determined using the dilution method with a two-point modification (Landry et al. 1984, Landry et al. 2008a, Selph et al. 2011). To check the applicability and resolution of the two point modification, two experiments at two different stations (one replicate of C3 and one replicate of B3) were carried out with a complete set of dilutions (25, 50, 75 and 100%) on-deck; the results of these experiments confirmed the validity of the 2 point dilution experiment (data not shown). The Landry-Hassett dilution method was used because it can separate autotrophic and heterotrophic processes with relatively little manipulation (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982, Landry et al 1984). The method is based on the concept that the dilution lowers the encounter probability of grazer and prey and enables one to calculate from the net phytoplankton population growth (k) in the diluted and undiluted incubation bottles the instantaneous growth rate (u) and grazing mortality (g), where k= u - g (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982). This method is based on three assumptions. &nbsp;The first one is that the instantaneous growth rate of any phytoplankton group is not influenced by the dilution of the “seawater/sample” with particle free water. The second assumption is that the probability of a phytoplankton to be grazed by the consumer is directly related to the abundance of the consumer itself, which means that with a higher density of grazers the probability of the prey to be grazed is higher as well, making the grazing a function of the dilution. The third assumption is the sum of the first two assumptions, that the change in the abundance of the phytoplankton community over time can be expressed by the exponential growth equation:</p>
<p>P<sub>t</sub>=P<sub>0</sub> <em>e ^</em> [<sup>(u -xg)t</sup>]</p>
<p>where P<sub>0 </sub>and P<sub>t &nbsp;</sub>are the initial and the final abundances or biomass of bulk or specific phytoplankton groups, t is time in day (d), u is the instantaneous phytoplankton growth rate (d<sup>-1</sup>), g is the grazing mortality (d<sup>-1</sup>), and x represents the dilution factor (Landry and Hassett 1982; Landry et al. 1984; Neuer and Cowles 1994). M and g are calculated as the y-intercept and the slope of the linear regression plotted against the dilution factors where k=1/t ln (P<sub>t</sub>/P<sub>0</sub>) (Landry &amp; Hassett, 1982; Landry et al. 1984). For the two-point dilution, this converts mathematically to solving the equations for u and g (Landry et al., 2008a).</p>
<p><strong>Bulk measurements</strong>:<br />
Chlorophyll-a was extracted from seawater (250 ml and 400 ml depending on the dilution), with 90% acetone and measured after 24hrs at 4 degrees C in the dark onboard the ship using a TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer using the non-acidification technique (Welschmeyer 1994). These data were used as a proxy for the phytoplankton biomass in the water column and to calculate the bulk growth and grazing rates of the phytoplankton community.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<br />
- Added lat and lon for each station &amp; cast from the metadata form.<br />
- Replaced spaces with underscores.<br />
- Replaced blanks with 'nd' to indicate 'no data'.<br />
- Dates/times assumed to be in UTC/GMT, based on comparison with other Trophic BATS datasets.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Samples were collected using 10-Liter Niskin bottles attached to a CTD rosette. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Chlorophyll-a was extracted from seawater (250 ml and 400 ml depending on the dilution), with 90% acetone and measured after 24hrs at 4 degrees C in the dark onboard ship using a TD 700 Laboratory Fluorometer using the non-acidification technique (Welschmeyer 1994). Instrument Name: Turner Designs 700 Laboratory Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:TD-700 Instrument Description: The TD-700 Laboratory Fluorometer is a benchtop fluorometer designed to detect fluorescence over the UV to red range. The instrument can measure concentrations of a variety of compounds, including chlorophyll-a and fluorescent dyes, and is thus suitable for a range of applications, including chlorophyll, water quality monitoring and fluorescent tracer studies. Data can be output as concentrations or raw fluorescence measurements. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0510/
Cruise: AE1102
AE1102
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1102
Tammi Richardson
University of South Carolina
Cruise: AE1118
AE1118
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1118
Tammi Richardson
University of South Carolina
Cruise: AE1206
AE1206
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1206
Tammi Richardson
University of South Carolina
Cruise: AE1219
AE1219
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel
AE1219
Tammi Richardson
University of South Carolina
R/V Atlantic Explorer
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Atlantic Explorer
vessel