1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T465,

The investigators show that the exposure of early life stages of a common estuarine fish (Menidia beryllina) to CO2 concentrations expected in the world's oceans later this century caused severely reduced survival and growth rates. When compared with present-day CO2 levels (~400 ppm), exposure of M. beryllina embryos to ~1,000 ppm until one week post-hatch reduced average survival and length by 74% and 18%, respectively. The egg stage was significantly more vulnerable to high CO2-induced mortality than the post-hatch larval stage.

This dataset provides the source data to:
Baumann, Hannes; Talmage, Stephanie C; Gobler, Christopher J. 2012. Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Nature Climate Change, 2, 38-41, doi:10.1038/nclimate1291

Note: This dataset has also been contributed to Pangaea and can be found at http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.773850

1d:Te83,Description from NSF award abstract: Ocean acidification has the potential to affect a broad spectrum of marine organisms and thereby transform the composition and function of our oceans. In contrast to calcifying marine invertebrates, marine fish are widely believed to be unaffected by the CO2 concentrations projected for the future. While this may be so for juvenile and adult fish stages, the fate of fish embryos and larvae in high CO2 oceans is less certain as CO2-sensitivity data for these stages are largely unavailable. Recognizing this knowledge gap and inspired by the findings of two recent studies on clownfish and sea bass larvae (Munday et al. PNAS 107 (2010); Checkley et al. Science 324 (2009)), the investigators performed a series of experiments exposing eggs and early larvae of inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) to elevated CO2 levels while strictly adhering to current "best practice" guidelines for ocean acidification research. At 1,000 ppm CO2, average M. beryllina survival ~1wk post-hatch significantly and consistently (five experiments) declined by ~75% compared to current day CO2 levels (390 ppm), while average length of newly hatched larvae decreased by 22%. Together with prior studies, these results suggest a surprisingly high susceptibility of fish early life stages to the CO2 increases that are projected to occur this century. Given that the abundance of many fish stocks, including most commercial species, is often regulated by processes affecting early life history growth and survival, ocean acidification may impact the dynamics of future fish populations and become yet another challenge to sustainable fisheries. The investigators believe that there is now a pressing need to better understand how CO2 affects the viability of fish embryos and larvae in the ocean. This requires novel approaches involving longer-term, larger-scale experiments across multiple species. The investigators will comprehensively examine the impacts of current and future CO2 levels (400 - 1,000 ppm) during the egg and larval stages of three model fish species: Atlantic silversides (M. menidia), inland silversides (M. beryllina) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). They will also investigate populations of the same species (M. menidia) from differing latitudes. These species/populations are ecologically important due to their intermediate trophic position, have comparable life histories to commercial marine fish, offer differences in genetic growth capacity and presumed sensitivity, and are highly amenable to laboratory experimentation. Survival and growth (weight- and length-based) will be measured in experiments performed at different CO2, temperature (21, 27°C) and feeding conditions (low, ad libitum), thus permitting the affects of CO2 to be considered in parallel with thermal stress and food limitation. Quantification of feeding rates, gross growth efficiency, and oxygen consumption will characterize the physiological costs of high CO2 environments. Changes in calcification of larval fish otoliths and skeletal elements will be determined from weights and a Ca45 radiotracer approach. Finally, surviving M. menidia (or M. beryllina) will be reared to maturity and their offspring will be challenged with differing levels of CO2. Repeating this approach over several generations will demonstrate the extent to which CO2 resistance may evolve through natural selection. Collectively, this study will make significant advances toward understanding how ocean acidification may challenge the world's most valuable marine resource, fish. Note that PI Hannes Baumann has since moved to the University of Connecticut. See his current contact information.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"552111","description":"$1c","problem":"","acquisition":"

Refer to the Methods section of:
\nBaumann, Hannes; Talmage, Stephanie C; Gobler, Christopher J. 2012. Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Nature Climate Change, 2, 38-41, doi:10.1038/nclimate1291

\n","processing":"

BCO-DMO Processing:
\n- Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
\n- Replaced spaces with underscores.
\n- Replaced blanks (missing data) with 'nd' to indicate 'no data'.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Seawater carbonate chemistry, and length and survival of Menidia beryllina during experiments conducted at Southampton Marine Station from 2011-2015","nickname":"Carbonate chemistry and fish length and survival","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"25 Feb 2015","version_date":"2015-02-25T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"","citation":"Baumann, H., Gobler, C. (2015) Seawater carbonate chemistry, and length and survival of Menidia beryllina during experiments conducted at Southampton Marine Station from 2011-2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 25 Feb 2015) Version Date 2015-02-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/552111 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/552111","versionDate":"2015-02-25","versionId":"25 Feb 2015","year":"2015","title":"Seawater carbonate chemistry, and length and survival of Menidia beryllina during experiments conducted at Southampton Marine Station from 2011-2015","authors":"Baumann, H., Gobler, C.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":null,"end":null},"temporal":{"resolution":"","type":"","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"","center":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0},"wkt":"","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["Unknown"],"keywords":["biota","oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"900465","title":"carbonate_chem.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/552111/file/rggpGPwu6212P4/carbonate_chem.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/552111/data/view/900465","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 552111","filename":"carbonate_chem.csv","bytesize":7974,"checksum":{"value":"2175664fddc8d9b21bbcbd6b351da31a","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"528586","name":"Hannes Baumann"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"85","name":"University of Connecticut"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51656","name":"Christopher Gobler"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"54","name":"Stony Brook University - SoMAS"}},{"role":{"_id":"133","name":"Contact"},"performedBy":{"_id":"528586","name":"Hannes Baumann"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"85","name":"University of Connecticut"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"551848","name":"lab_Baumann_Gobler_SMS","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2011-09-01T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"551847","name":"Southampton Marine Station"},"chiefScientists":[]}],"funding":[{"_id":"528583","name":"OCE-1129622","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1129622"}],"instruments":[],"parameters":[{"_id":"552119","name":"experiment","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Experiment number/description.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1759","name":"exp_id","description":"

Experiment Id

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Salinity.

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Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

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Standard deviation of salinity.

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Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

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Water temperature.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

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Standard deviation of temperature.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

"}},{"_id":"552124","name":"treatment","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Treatment type.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"489066","name":"treatment","description":"

Experimental conditions applied to experimental units. In comparative experiments, members of the complementary group, the control group, receive either no treatment or a standard treatment.

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Sample identification number.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

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Survival rate.

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"552127","name":"length","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Length of Menidia beryllina; weighed mean.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"552128","name":"length_stddev","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Standard deviation of length of Menidia beryllina.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimeters (mm)"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

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pH measured by Orion pH meter; in micromoles per liter.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/l"},"type":{"_id":"1892","name":"pH","description":"

pH: The measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

"}},{"_id":"552130","name":"pH_orion_stddev","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Standard deviation of pH measured by Orion pH meter.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/l"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

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pH; in micromoles per kilogram.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/kg"},"type":{"_id":"1892","name":"pH","description":"

pH: The measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

"}},{"_id":"552132","name":"pCO2","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"microatmospheres (uatm)"},"type":{"_id":"1991","name":"pCO2","description":"

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide {pCO2} in the water body by computation from pH and alkalinity.

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Standard deviation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air).

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Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

"}},{"_id":"552134","name":"omega_Cal","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1964","name":"Calcite Saturation State","description":"

The saturation state of seawater with respect to calcite (known as OMEGA_ar) is a measure of the thermodynamic potential for calcite to form or to dissolve, and is defined as the product of the concentrations of dissolved calcium and carbonate ions in seawater, divided by their product at equilibrium.

"}},{"_id":"552135","name":"omega_Cal_stddev","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Standard deviation of calciate saturation state.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

"}},{"_id":"552136","name":"omega_Arg","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Aragonite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1963","name":"OM_ar","description":"

The saturation state of seawater with respect to aragonite (known as OMEGA_ar) is a measure of the thermodynamic potential for aragonite to form or to dissolve, and is defined as the product of the concentrations of dissolved calcium and carbonate ions in seawater, divided by their product at equilibrium.

"}},{"_id":"552137","name":"omega_Arg_stddev","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Standard deviation of aragonite saturation state.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

"}},{"_id":"552138","name":"DIC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Dissolved inorganic carbon.

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Dissolved Inorganic Carbon

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Standard deviation of total inorganic carbon.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles per liter (umol/l)"},"type":{"_id":"1974","name":"standard deviation","description":"

Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

"}},{"_id":"552140","name":"C_tot","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Total carbon.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"552141","name":"carbonate","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Carbonate ion concentration; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles per liter (umol/l)"},"type":{"_id":"489495","name":"carbonate","description":"

Concentration of carbonate ion ([CO3]2-) in seawater. Dissolved carbonate ion. Refer to dataset for units of measure.

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Standard deviation of carbonate ion concentration.

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Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

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Total alkalinity; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"millimoles per liter (mmol(eq)/l)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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Standard deviation of total alkalinity (TALK_mmol).

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Generic standard deviation value, taking on the units of the parameter that it is tied to.

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Total alkalinity; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html) from mean pH and DIC.

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Total alkalinity

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