Seawater carbonate chemistry, and length and survival of Menidia beryllina during experiments conducted at Southampton Marine Station from 2011-2015

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/552111
Version: 25 Feb 2015
Version Date: 2015-02-25

Project
» Will rising pCO2 levels in the ocean affect growth and survival of marine fish early life stages? (OA Fish)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Baumann, HannesUniversity of Connecticut (UConn)Principal Investigator, Contact
Gobler, ChristopherStony Brook University - SoMAS (SUNY-SB SoMAS)Co-Principal Investigator
Rauch, ShannonWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager


Dataset Description

The investigators show that the exposure of early life stages of a common estuarine fish (Menidia beryllina) to CO2 concentrations expected in the world's oceans later this century caused severely reduced survival and growth rates. When compared with present-day CO2 levels (~400 ppm), exposure of M. beryllina embryos to ~1,000 ppm until one week post-hatch reduced average survival and length by 74% and 18%, respectively. The egg stage was significantly more vulnerable to high CO2-induced mortality than the post-hatch larval stage.

This dataset provides the source data to:
Baumann, Hannes; Talmage, Stephanie C; Gobler, Christopher J. 2012. Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Nature Climate Change, 2, 38-41, doi:10.1038/nclimate1291

Note: This dataset has also been contributed to Pangaea and can be found at http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.773850


Methods & Sampling

Refer to the Methods section of:
Baumann, Hannes; Talmage, Stephanie C; Gobler, Christopher J. 2012. Reduced early life growth and survival in a fish in direct response to increased carbon dioxide. Nature Climate Change, 2, 38-41, doi:10.1038/nclimate1291


Data Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:
- Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
- Replaced spaces with underscores.
- Replaced blanks (missing data) with 'nd' to indicate 'no data'.


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Data Files

File
carbonate_chem.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 7.79 KB)
MD5:2175664fddc8d9b21bbcbd6b351da31a
Primary data file for dataset ID 552111

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
experimentExperiment number/description. unitless
salSalinity. psu
sal_stddevStandard deviation of salinity. psu
tempWater temperature. degrees Celsius
temp_stddevStandard deviation of temperature. degrees Celsius
treatmentTreatment type. unitless
sample_idSample identification number. unitless
survivalSurvival rate. percent (%)
lengthLength of Menidia beryllina; weighed mean. millimeters (mm)
length_stddevStandard deviation of length of Menidia beryllina. millimeters (mm)
pH_orionpH measured by Orion pH meter; in micromoles per liter. NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/l
pH_orion_stddevStandard deviation of pH measured by Orion pH meter. NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/l
pHpH; in micromoles per kilogram. NBS scale; H+ ions in umol/kg
pCO2Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html). microatmospheres (uatm)
pCO2_stddevStandard deviation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air). microatmospheres (uatm)
omega_CalCalcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html). unitless
omega_Cal_stddevStandard deviation of calciate saturation state. unitless
omega_ArgAragonite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html). unitless
omega_Arg_stddevStandard deviation of aragonite saturation state. unitless
DICDissolved inorganic carbon. micromoles per liter (umol/l)
TIC_stddevStandard deviation of total inorganic carbon. micromoles per liter (umol/l)
C_totTotal carbon. micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
carbonateCarbonate ion concentration; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html). micromoles per liter (umol/l)
carbonate_stddevStandard deviation of carbonate ion concentration. micromoles per liter (umol/l)
TALK_mmolTotal alkalinity; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html). millimoles per liter (mmol(eq)/l)
TALK_mmol_stddevStandard deviation of total alkalinity (TALK_mmol). millimoles per liter (mmol(eq)/l)
TALK_umolTotal alkalinity; Calculated using CO2SYS (URI: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html) from mean pH and DIC. micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)

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Deployments

lab_Baumann_Gobler_SMS

Website
Platform
Southampton Marine Station
Start Date
2011-09-01
End Date
2015-02-01


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Project Information

Will rising pCO2 levels in the ocean affect growth and survival of marine fish early life stages? (OA Fish)

Coverage: Long Island Sound, Shinnecock Bay, Long Island, NY


Description from NSF award abstract:
Ocean acidification has the potential to affect a broad spectrum of marine organisms and thereby transform the composition and function of our oceans. In contrast to calcifying marine invertebrates, marine fish are widely believed to be unaffected by the CO2 concentrations projected for the future. While this may be so for juvenile and adult fish stages, the fate of fish embryos and larvae in high CO2 oceans is less certain as CO2-sensitivity data for these stages are largely unavailable. Recognizing this knowledge gap and inspired by the findings of two recent studies on clownfish and sea bass larvae (Munday et al. PNAS 107 (2010); Checkley et al. Science 324 (2009)), the investigators performed a series of experiments exposing eggs and early larvae of inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) to elevated CO2 levels while strictly adhering to current "best practice" guidelines for ocean acidification research. At 1,000 ppm CO2, average M. beryllina survival ~1wk post-hatch significantly and consistently (five experiments) declined by ~75% compared to current day CO2 levels (390 ppm), while average length of newly hatched larvae decreased by 22%. Together with prior studies, these results suggest a surprisingly high susceptibility of fish early life stages to the CO2 increases that are projected to occur this century. Given that the abundance of many fish stocks, including most commercial species, is often regulated by processes affecting early life history growth and survival, ocean acidification may impact the dynamics of future fish populations and become yet another challenge to sustainable fisheries.

The investigators believe that there is now a pressing need to better understand how CO2 affects the viability of fish embryos and larvae in the ocean. This requires novel approaches involving longer-term, larger-scale experiments across multiple species. The investigators will comprehensively examine the impacts of current and future CO2 levels (400 - 1,000 ppm) during the egg and larval stages of three model fish species: Atlantic silversides (M. menidia), inland silversides (M. beryllina) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). They will also investigate populations of the same species (M. menidia) from differing latitudes. These species/populations are ecologically important due to their intermediate trophic position, have comparable life histories to commercial marine fish, offer differences in genetic growth capacity and presumed sensitivity, and are highly amenable to laboratory experimentation. Survival and growth (weight- and length-based) will be measured in experiments performed at different CO2, temperature (21, 27°C) and feeding conditions (low, ad libitum), thus permitting the affects of CO2 to be considered in parallel with thermal stress and food limitation. Quantification of feeding rates, gross growth efficiency, and oxygen consumption will characterize the physiological costs of high CO2 environments. Changes in calcification of larval fish otoliths and skeletal elements will be determined from weights and a Ca45 radiotracer approach. Finally, surviving M. menidia (or M. beryllina) will be reared to maturity and their offspring will be challenged with differing levels of CO2. Repeating this approach over several generations will demonstrate the extent to which CO2 resistance may evolve through natural selection. Collectively, this study will make significant advances toward understanding how ocean acidification may challenge the world's most valuable marine resource, fish.

Note that PI Hannes Baumann has since moved to the University of Connecticut. See his current contact information.



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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